Diagnostics are presented from an ensemble of high-resolution forecasts that differed markedly in their predictions of the rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Rammasun.We show that the basic difference stems from subt...Diagnostics are presented from an ensemble of high-resolution forecasts that differed markedly in their predictions of the rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Rammasun.We show that the basic difference stems from subtle differences in initializations of(a)500-850-h Pa environmental winds,and(b)midlevel moisture and ventilation.We then describe how these differences impact on the evolving convective organization,storm structure,and the timing of RI.As expected,ascent,diabatic heating and the secondary circulation near the inner-core are much stronger in the member that best forecasts the RI.The evolution of vortex cloudiness from this member is similar to the actual imagery,with the development of an inner cloud band wrapping inwards to form the eyewall.We present evidence that this structure,and hence the enhanced diabatic heating,is related to the tilt and associated dynamics of the developing inner-core in shear.For the most accurate ensemble member:(a)inhibition of ascent and a reduction in convection over the up-shear sector allow moistening of the boundary-layer air,which is transported to the down-shear sector to feed a developing convective asymmetry;(b)with minimal ventilation,undiluted clouds and moisture from the down-shear left quadrant are then wrapped inwards to the up-shear left quadrant to form the eyewall cloud;and(c)this process seems related to a critical down-shear tilt of the vortex from midlevels,and the vertical phase-locking of the circulation over up-shear quadrants.For the member that forecasts a much-delayed RI,these processes are inhibited by stronger vertical wind shear,initially resulting in poor vertical coherence of the circulation,lesser moisture and larger ventilation.Our analysis suggests that ensemble prediction is needed to account for the sensitivity of forecasts to a relatively narrow range of environmental wind shear,moisture and vortex inner-structure.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the structure and stability of silver carp skin collagen peptide-calcium chelate(SSCPs-Ca)and evaluate its effectiveness in promoting calcium absorption.SSCPs were prepared by ...The aim of this study was to investigate the structure and stability of silver carp skin collagen peptide-calcium chelate(SSCPs-Ca)and evaluate its effectiveness in promoting calcium absorption.SSCPs were prepared by twostep enzymatic hydrolysis and chelated with calcium to form SSCPs-Ca.The structure of SSCPs-Ca was characterized by ultra-violet spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,particle size distribution,scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.Then explored the effects of temperature,lactose,sodium chloride and phosphate on its stability.The calcium uptake of SSCPs-Ca was evaluated using Caco-2 cell and zebrafish osteoporosis models.Compared to SSCPs,SSCPs-Ca exhibited notable improvements in particle size and adopted a stable,osteocalcin-like crystal structure.SSCPs-Ca exhibited enhanced electrostatic repulsion and thermal stability.SSCPs-Ca significantly enhanced calcium transport and absorption at the cellular level,outperforming CaCl2.Unlike traditional supplements,its efficiency remained unaffected by dietary components such as lactose and NaCl.SSCPs-Ca operated independently of Vitamin D for calcium transport,emphasizing its innovative mechanism.SSCPs-Ca at a concentration of 125μg/mL demonstrated superior efficacy in mitigating osteoporosis in zebrafish models,achieving comparable results to etidronate disodium at a concentration of 300μg/mL.These findings established SSCPs-Ca as a groundbreaking calcium supplement with the potential to significantly improve bone health.By addressing calcium deficiency and associated risks with enhanced bioavailability and stability,SSCPs-Ca offered a promising alternative to traditional calcium supplements,paving the way for innovative strategies in managing calcium-related health challenges.展开更多
Oyster hydrolysates exhibit promising potential as a zinc supplement for its significant amounts of zinc,however,the zinc chemical speciation which determines zinc nutrition in oyster hydrolysates has not been investi...Oyster hydrolysates exhibit promising potential as a zinc supplement for its significant amounts of zinc,however,the zinc chemical speciation which determines zinc nutrition in oyster hydrolysates has not been investigated.This study optimized the oyster hydrolysis conditions using the Response surface methodology(RSM)method,and the zinc chemical speciation,the sequence of zinc-containing peptides,and the binding sites of zinc and peptides were further investigated.Results showed that inorganic and organic zinc in oysters were 60.15%and 36.53%of total zinc respectively,while organic zinc in oysters aqueous extract was 4.54%of which 3.56%was present in the polysaccharide fraction.The zinc yield was 84.20%of total zinc under optimal hydrolysis conditions,while the organic zinc increased to 52.93%of which 38.14%existed in the protein/peptides fraction.Zinc in protein/peptide fraction primarily was bound to low-molecular-weight peptides(Mw<1000 Da).Further,42 shared zinc-containing peptides(mainly 3-4 peptides)were identified.Molecular docking indicated that Glu,Leu,and Tyr might be the binding sites for zinc and peptides.These findings provided a theoretical basis for the development of novel and safe zinc dietary supplements.展开更多
The risk of malnutrition in cancer patients increases with prolonged chemotherapy,leading to various physio-logical changes.Total nutritional supplements enriched with low-molecular-weight oyster peptides have shown p...The risk of malnutrition in cancer patients increases with prolonged chemotherapy,leading to various physio-logical changes.Total nutritional supplements enriched with low-molecular-weight oyster peptides have shown potential as specialized medical interventions to improve chemotherapy-induced malnutrition.The present study evaluated the nutritional quality of total nutritional double emulsion(TNDE)and assessed its effects as a nutritional intervention in Lewis lung cancer(LLC)mice undergoing chemotherapy.Nutritional analysis revealed that TNDE possesses high nutritional quality,containing 45.41%essential amino acids,41.72%hydrophobic amino acids,and 38%polyunsaturated fatty acids.In vivo analysis demonstrated significant weight loss,increased insulin resistance,suppressed immune function,and organ damage in chemotherapy-treated animals,indicating an elevated risk of cachexia.TNDE administration effectively mitigated chemotherapy-induced cachexia by improving body weight,reducing insulin resistance,and alleviating spleen and liver injuries compared to LLC mice undergoing chemotherapy without TNDE supplementation.TNDE also enhanced IgG and IgM levels while suppressing TNF-αand IL-6.The alleviation of cachexia in LLC mice may involve modulation of metabolic pathways,such as steroid hormone and folate biosynthesis.These findings provide a theoretical basis for developing and applying marine-derived peptide double emulsion-based,nutrient-dense formulations for cancer patients.展开更多
Oyster protein hydrolysate(OPH)exhibits various healthful activities.We found OPH ameliorates acute lung injury(ALI)of mice,however,the effective components remain to be explored.This study aims to screen peptides tar...Oyster protein hydrolysate(OPH)exhibits various healthful activities.We found OPH ameliorates acute lung injury(ALI)of mice,however,the effective components remain to be explored.This study aims to screen peptides targeting angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)in OPH for ALI treatment by surface plasmon resonance(SPR)and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer(LC-MS/MS).Since OPH promoted ACE2 expression in lung tissue,five peptides P1-P5 from OPH were screened via ACE2-immobilized SPR chip(immobilization level of 14221.9 RU)and identified by LC-MS/MS.Among them,P5 performed a"slow rise/slow fall"binding form with ACE2,showing a long-term binding effect.P3 and P5 effectively alleviated oxidative stress in LPS-induced A549 cells.Moreover,P5(KSVSPKFLTG)reduced inflammation and pyroptosis in lung tissue of ALI mice via promoting ACE2 expression.This customized screening based on SPR technology provides a theoretical basis for efficient and accurate screening of active factors from food sources.展开更多
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41365005, 41765007 and 41705038)the Hainan Key Cooperation Program (Grant No. ZDYF2019213)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province of China (Grant No. 417298)
文摘Diagnostics are presented from an ensemble of high-resolution forecasts that differed markedly in their predictions of the rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Rammasun.We show that the basic difference stems from subtle differences in initializations of(a)500-850-h Pa environmental winds,and(b)midlevel moisture and ventilation.We then describe how these differences impact on the evolving convective organization,storm structure,and the timing of RI.As expected,ascent,diabatic heating and the secondary circulation near the inner-core are much stronger in the member that best forecasts the RI.The evolution of vortex cloudiness from this member is similar to the actual imagery,with the development of an inner cloud band wrapping inwards to form the eyewall.We present evidence that this structure,and hence the enhanced diabatic heating,is related to the tilt and associated dynamics of the developing inner-core in shear.For the most accurate ensemble member:(a)inhibition of ascent and a reduction in convection over the up-shear sector allow moistening of the boundary-layer air,which is transported to the down-shear sector to feed a developing convective asymmetry;(b)with minimal ventilation,undiluted clouds and moisture from the down-shear left quadrant are then wrapped inwards to the up-shear left quadrant to form the eyewall cloud;and(c)this process seems related to a critical down-shear tilt of the vortex from midlevels,and the vertical phase-locking of the circulation over up-shear quadrants.For the member that forecasts a much-delayed RI,these processes are inhibited by stronger vertical wind shear,initially resulting in poor vertical coherence of the circulation,lesser moisture and larger ventilation.Our analysis suggests that ensemble prediction is needed to account for the sensitivity of forecasts to a relatively narrow range of environmental wind shear,moisture and vortex inner-structure.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System(Program No.CARS-45-27).
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the structure and stability of silver carp skin collagen peptide-calcium chelate(SSCPs-Ca)and evaluate its effectiveness in promoting calcium absorption.SSCPs were prepared by twostep enzymatic hydrolysis and chelated with calcium to form SSCPs-Ca.The structure of SSCPs-Ca was characterized by ultra-violet spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,particle size distribution,scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.Then explored the effects of temperature,lactose,sodium chloride and phosphate on its stability.The calcium uptake of SSCPs-Ca was evaluated using Caco-2 cell and zebrafish osteoporosis models.Compared to SSCPs,SSCPs-Ca exhibited notable improvements in particle size and adopted a stable,osteocalcin-like crystal structure.SSCPs-Ca exhibited enhanced electrostatic repulsion and thermal stability.SSCPs-Ca significantly enhanced calcium transport and absorption at the cellular level,outperforming CaCl2.Unlike traditional supplements,its efficiency remained unaffected by dietary components such as lactose and NaCl.SSCPs-Ca operated independently of Vitamin D for calcium transport,emphasizing its innovative mechanism.SSCPs-Ca at a concentration of 125μg/mL demonstrated superior efficacy in mitigating osteoporosis in zebrafish models,achieving comparable results to etidronate disodium at a concentration of 300μg/mL.These findings established SSCPs-Ca as a groundbreaking calcium supplement with the potential to significantly improve bone health.By addressing calcium deficiency and associated risks with enhanced bioavailability and stability,SSCPs-Ca offered a promising alternative to traditional calcium supplements,paving the way for innovative strategies in managing calcium-related health challenges.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhanjiang(2022A05038)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2018YFD0901105)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhanjiang City(2021E05017)the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Research System of China(CARS-49)We are grateful to Julieth Majura for her language and writing assistance.We gratefully acknowledge and are indebted to the anonymous referees for the comments and constructive suggestions that helped improve the manuscript.
文摘Oyster hydrolysates exhibit promising potential as a zinc supplement for its significant amounts of zinc,however,the zinc chemical speciation which determines zinc nutrition in oyster hydrolysates has not been investigated.This study optimized the oyster hydrolysis conditions using the Response surface methodology(RSM)method,and the zinc chemical speciation,the sequence of zinc-containing peptides,and the binding sites of zinc and peptides were further investigated.Results showed that inorganic and organic zinc in oysters were 60.15%and 36.53%of total zinc respectively,while organic zinc in oysters aqueous extract was 4.54%of which 3.56%was present in the polysaccharide fraction.The zinc yield was 84.20%of total zinc under optimal hydrolysis conditions,while the organic zinc increased to 52.93%of which 38.14%existed in the protein/peptides fraction.Zinc in protein/peptide fraction primarily was bound to low-molecular-weight peptides(Mw<1000 Da).Further,42 shared zinc-containing peptides(mainly 3-4 peptides)were identified.Molecular docking indicated that Glu,Leu,and Tyr might be the binding sites for zinc and peptides.These findings provided a theoretical basis for the development of novel and safe zinc dietary supplements.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010955)the Guangdong Province Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Innovation Team Construction Project(2024)+1 种基金the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Research System of China(CARS-49)the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD2401805).
文摘The risk of malnutrition in cancer patients increases with prolonged chemotherapy,leading to various physio-logical changes.Total nutritional supplements enriched with low-molecular-weight oyster peptides have shown potential as specialized medical interventions to improve chemotherapy-induced malnutrition.The present study evaluated the nutritional quality of total nutritional double emulsion(TNDE)and assessed its effects as a nutritional intervention in Lewis lung cancer(LLC)mice undergoing chemotherapy.Nutritional analysis revealed that TNDE possesses high nutritional quality,containing 45.41%essential amino acids,41.72%hydrophobic amino acids,and 38%polyunsaturated fatty acids.In vivo analysis demonstrated significant weight loss,increased insulin resistance,suppressed immune function,and organ damage in chemotherapy-treated animals,indicating an elevated risk of cachexia.TNDE administration effectively mitigated chemotherapy-induced cachexia by improving body weight,reducing insulin resistance,and alleviating spleen and liver injuries compared to LLC mice undergoing chemotherapy without TNDE supplementation.TNDE also enhanced IgG and IgM levels while suppressing TNF-αand IL-6.The alleviation of cachexia in LLC mice may involve modulation of metabolic pathways,such as steroid hormone and folate biosynthesis.These findings provide a theoretical basis for developing and applying marine-derived peptide double emulsion-based,nutrient-dense formulations for cancer patients.
基金supported by the special funds for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(Grant numbers:CARS-49)Financial Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhan-jiang(Grant numbers:230906164548720).
文摘Oyster protein hydrolysate(OPH)exhibits various healthful activities.We found OPH ameliorates acute lung injury(ALI)of mice,however,the effective components remain to be explored.This study aims to screen peptides targeting angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)in OPH for ALI treatment by surface plasmon resonance(SPR)and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer(LC-MS/MS).Since OPH promoted ACE2 expression in lung tissue,five peptides P1-P5 from OPH were screened via ACE2-immobilized SPR chip(immobilization level of 14221.9 RU)and identified by LC-MS/MS.Among them,P5 performed a"slow rise/slow fall"binding form with ACE2,showing a long-term binding effect.P3 and P5 effectively alleviated oxidative stress in LPS-induced A549 cells.Moreover,P5(KSVSPKFLTG)reduced inflammation and pyroptosis in lung tissue of ALI mice via promoting ACE2 expression.This customized screening based on SPR technology provides a theoretical basis for efficient and accurate screening of active factors from food sources.
