This paper describes a new interleaver construction technique for turbo code.The technique searches as much as possible pseudo-random interleaving patterns under a certain condition using genetic algorithms(GAs).The n...This paper describes a new interleaver construction technique for turbo code.The technique searches as much as possible pseudo-random interleaving patterns under a certain condition using genetic algorithms(GAs).The new interleavers have the superiority of the S-random interleavers and this interleaver construction technique can reduce the time taken to generate pseudo-random interleaving patterns under a certain condition.The results obtained indicate that the new interleavers yield an equal to or better performance than the S-random interleavers.Compared to the S-random interleaver,this design requires a lower level of computational complexity.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the efficacy of journal cumulative impact factors(CIFs)and annual impact factors(AIFs)in the evaluation of science journals.We screened U.S.ophthalmological journals based on the SCI dat...This study aims to investigate the efficacy of journal cumulative impact factors(CIFs)and annual impact factors(AIFs)in the evaluation of science journals.We screened U.S.ophthalmological journals based on the SCI database by the inclusive and exclusive criteria.The CIFs and AIFs were calculated based on the citation data of the screened SCI-indexed ophthalmological journals in Web of Science ranging from 1-y to 10-y data,year by year.The peer review scores of these journals were obtained through questionnaire surveys issued to U.S.ophthalmologists,which were recognised as the golden standard for journal evaluation.The effects of CIFs and AIFs on journal evaluation were analyzed and compared,followed by the assessment of the correlation of peer review scores with journal CIFs and AIFs.We found that both AIFs and CIFs were positively correlated with the peer review score,but the correlation coefficient of CIFs with peer review score outweighed that of AIFs with peer review score in the same time window excluding 3-y and 6-y CIF.From the correlation analysis,the 7-y CIF had the strongest correlation with peer review score(r=0.706,P=0.000),so CIF at the 7-y time window was the optimum parameter with regards to U.S.ophthalmologic journal evaluation in this study.Finally,there were four journals which were indexed in Web of Science over a long time period,of which the CIFs did not grow persistently.Therefore,we thought that more attention should be paid to the cumulative citation counts made from the first year when the source items were published.The optimum time window was still a controversial issue as research areas have variable citation characteristics.展开更多
Biochar is a functional and environmentally friendly material mainly made from by-products of industrial and agricultural production as raw material, which is cracked at high temperatures and slow speeds. The preparat...Biochar is a functional and environmentally friendly material mainly made from by-products of industrial and agricultural production as raw material, which is cracked at high temperatures and slow speeds. The preparation of biochar requires the thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-restricted environment. Different raw materials and preparation processes result in biochar with different internal structures and biofunctional groups, which often have different properties. Adsorption of heavy metal pollutants is one of the main research directions for biochar application, and there are still areas that can be improved in the current research for biochar for treating heavy metal wastewater. In this study, we take the treatment of cadmium-containing wastewater as an example, walnut shell biochar (WSBC) as a carrier, iron(VI) compounds as a modifying reagent, and test the performance of cadmium-containing wastewater treatment using simulated cadmium-containing wastewater by adjusting the pyrolysis process and modification method at the same time to find the optimal experimental scheme, and give a reasonable theoretical explanation in relation to the results of the characterization tests, such as SEM, FT-IR, and so on. The characterized results show that iron(VI) compound (K<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub>)-modified WSBC has a significant ability to remove cadmium contamination in the wastewater (remove 96.62% of cadmium in 1 minute), and its structure is different from other iron compound-modified ones. The aim of this study is to improve the efficiency of cadmium adsorption by specific types of biochar, while realizing the whole process as environmentally friendly as possible.展开更多
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that a high-fat diet(HFD) can alter gut microbiota(GM)homeostasis and participate in lipid metabolism disorders associated with obesity.Therefore, regulating the construction of GM with t...BACKGROUND Studies have shown that a high-fat diet(HFD) can alter gut microbiota(GM)homeostasis and participate in lipid metabolism disorders associated with obesity.Therefore, regulating the construction of GM with the balance of lipid metabolism has become essential for treating obesity. Salvia miltiorrhiza extract(Sal), a common traditional Chinese medicine, has been proven effective against atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and other dyslipidemia-related diseases.AIM To investigate the anti-obesity effects of Sal in rats with HFD-induced obesity, and explore the underlying mechanism by focusing on GM and lipid metabolism.METHODS Obesity was induced in rats with an HFD for 7 wk, and Sal(0.675 g/1.35 g/2.70g/kg/d) was administered to treat obese rats for 8 wk. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by body weight, body fat index, waistline, and serum lipid level. Lipid factors(cAMP, PKA, and HSL) in liver and fat homogenates were analyzed by ELISA. The effect of Sal on GM and lipid metabolism was assessed by 16S rRNAbased microbiota analysis and untargeted lipidomic analysis(LC-MS/MS),respectively.RESULTS Sal treatment markedly reduced weight, body fat index, serum triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein, glucose, free fatty acid, hepatic lipid accumulation, and adipocyte vacuolation, and increased serum high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C) in rats with HFD-induced obesity. These effects were associated with increased concentrations of lipid factors such as c AMP, PKA, and HSL in the liver and adipose tissues, enhanced gut integrity, and improved lipid metabolism. GM analysis revealed that Sal could reverse HFD-induced dysbacteriosis by promoting the abundance of Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria, and decreasing the growth of Firmicutes and Desulfobacterita. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that Sal decreased TGs(TG18:2/18:2/20:4, TG16:0/18:2/22:6), DGs(DG14:0/22:6, DG22:6/22:6), CL(18:2/18:1/18:1/20:0), and increased ceramides(Cers;Cer d16:0/21:0, Cer d16:1/24:1),(O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids(OAHFAs;OAHFA18:0/14:0) in the feces of rats. Spearman’s correlation analysis further indicated that TGs, DGs, and CL were negatively related to the abundance of Facklamia and Dubosiella, and positively correlated with Blautia and Quinella, while OAHFAs and Cers were the opposite.CONCLUSION Sal has an anti-obesity effect by regulating the GM and lipid metabolism.展开更多
BACKGROUND Restoration of immune homeostasis by targeting the balance between memory T helper(mTh)cells and memory follicular T helper(mTfh)cells is a potential therapeutic strategy against ulcerative colitis(UC).Beca...BACKGROUND Restoration of immune homeostasis by targeting the balance between memory T helper(mTh)cells and memory follicular T helper(mTfh)cells is a potential therapeutic strategy against ulcerative colitis(UC).Because of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties,curcumin(Cur)is a promising drug for UC treatment.However,fewer studies have demonstrated whether Cur can modulate the mTh/mTfh subset balance in mice with colitis.AIM To explore the potential mechanism underlying Cur-mediated alleviation of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)in mice by regulating the mTh and mTfh immune homeostasis.METHODS Balb/c mice were administered 3%and 2%DSS to establish the UC model and treated with Cur(200 mg/kg/d)by gavage on days 11-17.On the 18th d,all mice were anesthetized and euthanized,and the colonic length,colonic weight,and colonic weight index were evaluated.Histomorphological changes in the mouse colon were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.Levels of Th/mTh and Tfh/mTfh cell subsets in the spleen were detected through flow cytometry.Western blotting was performed to detect SOCS-1,SOCS-3,STAT3,p-STAT3,JAK1,p-JAK1,and NF-κB p65 protein expression levels in colon tissues.RESULTS Cur effectively mitigates DSS-induced colitis,facilitates the restoration of mouse weight and colonic length,and diminishes the colonic weight and colonic weight index.Simultaneously,it hinders ulcer development and inflammatory cell infiltration in the colonic mucous membrane.While the percentage of Th1,mTh1,Th7,mTh7,Th17,mTh17,Tfh1,mTfh1,Tfh7,mTfh7,Tfh17,and mTfh17 cells decreased after Cur treatment of the mice for 7 d,and the frequency of mTh10,Th10,mTfh10,and Tfh10 cells in the mouse spleen increased.Further studies revealed that Cur administration prominently decreased the SOCS-1,SOCS-3,STAT3,p-STAT3,JAK1,p-JAK1,and NF-κB p65 protein expression levels in the colon tissue.CONCLUSION Cur regulated the mTh/mTfh cell homeostasis to reduce DSS-induced colonic pathological damage,potentially by suppressing the JAK1/STAT3/SOCS signaling pathway.展开更多
Several studies have demonstrated that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants can promote neuronal cell proliferation and enhance neuroplasticity both in vitro and in vivo. It is hypothesized that cita...Several studies have demonstrated that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants can promote neuronal cell proliferation and enhance neuroplasticity both in vitro and in vivo. It is hypothesized that citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, can promote the neuronal differentiation of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Citalopram strongly enhanced neuronal characteristics of the cells derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The rate of cell death was decreased in citalopram-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells than in control cells in neurobasal medium. In addition, the cumulative population doubling level of the citalopram-treated cells was signiifcantly increased compared to that of control cells. Also BrdU incorporation was elevated in citalopram-treated cells. These ifndings suggest that citalopram can improve the neuronal-like cell differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by increasing cell proliferation and survival while maintaining their neuronal characteristics.展开更多
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction is the crucial cause in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which is mainly related to lymphocytes(T or B cells,including memory B cells),mast cells,activated neutrophils,...BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction is the crucial cause in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which is mainly related to lymphocytes(T or B cells,including memory B cells),mast cells,activated neutrophils,and macrophages.As the precursor of B cells,the activation of memory B cells can trigger and differentiate B cells to produce a giant variety of inducible B cells and tolerant B cells,whose dysfunction can easily lead to autoimmune diseases,including IBD.AIM To investigate whether or not curcumin(Cur)can alleviate experimental colitis by regulating memory B cells and Bcl-6-Syk-BLNK signaling.METHODS Colitis was induced in mice with a dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)solution in drinking water.Colitis mice were given Cur(100 mg/kg/d)orally for 14 consecutive days.The colonic weight,colonic length,intestinal weight index,occult blood scores,and histological scores of mice were examined to evaluate the curative effect.The levels of memory B cells in peripheral blood of mice were measured by flow cytometry,and IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,IL-7A,and TNF-αexpression in colonic tissue homogenates were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Western blot was used to measure the expression of Bcl-6,BLNK,Syk,and other signaling pathway related proteins.RESULTS After Cur treatment for 14 d,the body weight,colonic weight,colonic length,colonic weight index,and colonic pathological injury of mice with colitis were ameliorated.The secretion of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-7A was statistically decreased,while the IL-35 and IL-10 levels were considerably increased.Activation of memory B cell subsets in colitis mice was confirmed by a remarkable reduction in the expression of IgM,IgG,IgA,FCRL5,CD103,FasL,PD-1,CD38,and CXCR3 on the surface of CD19^(+)CD27^(+)B cells,while the number of CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IL-10^(+)and CD19^(+)CD27^(+)Tim-3^(+)B cells increased significantly.In addition,Cur significantly inhibited the protein levels of Syk,p-Syk,Bcl-6,and CIN85,and increased BLNK and p-BLNK expression in colitis mice.CONCLUSION Cur could effectively alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating memory B cells and the Bcl-6-Syk-BLNK signaling pathway.展开更多
Typical fundus photography produces a two-dimensional image.This makes it difficult to observe the microvascular and neural abnormalities,because the depth of the image is missing.To provide depth appreciation,we deve...Typical fundus photography produces a two-dimensional image.This makes it difficult to observe the microvascular and neural abnormalities,because the depth of the image is missing.To provide depth appreciation,we develop a single-channel stereoscopic fundus video imaging sys-tem based on a rotating refractor.With respect to the pupil center,the rotating refractor laterally displaces the optical path and the illumination.This allows standard monocular fundus cameras to generate stereo-parallax and image disparity through sequential image acquisition.We opti-mize our imaging system,characterize the stereo-base,and image an eyeball model and a rabbit eye.When virtual realities are considered,our imaging system can be a simple yet efficient technique to provide depth perception in a virtual space that allows users to perceive abnor-malities in the eye fundus.展开更多
The social and economical condition,cultivated land resources and general situation of grain production of research area are introduced.According to relevant data of cultivated land of Kunming City in 2006,taking the ...The social and economical condition,cultivated land resources and general situation of grain production of research area are introduced.According to relevant data of cultivated land of Kunming City in 2006,taking the minimum per capita cultivated land and index model of cultivated land pressure,and combining with two conditions of per capita grain demand which are 300 kg and 400 kg,the comparative research method was used to calculate and analyze the minimum per capita cultivated land and index model of cultivated land pressure.The results show that when per capita grain demand-Gr is 300 kg,the per capita cultivated land in Kunming City has regional differences,reflects different regular patterns of spatial distribution,and presents obvious and typical radial distribution.Urban area of Kunming has the lowest point and be taken as the center,per capita cultivated land decreases progressively from suburban to the periphery;when per capita grain demand-Gr is 400 kg,under the same consumption level,cultivated land pressures of each county in Kunming City are different,and so are the driven factors;when per capita grain demand-Gr is 300 kg or 400 kg,the indexes of cultivated land pressure in Kunming are all greater than 1,cultivated land pressure is enormous,the indexes of cultivated land pressure of each county(district) have two conditions-greater than 1 and less than 2,and the reasons differ from one another.Combining with the spatial distribution characteristics of the cultivated land and food and the situation of industrial development,the countermeasures and suggestions are put forwarded to make full use of back-up cultivated land,to plan the distribution of industrial structure in each county(district) of Kunming City as a whole,to dispose cultivated land resources reasonably and so on.展开更多
A superconducting gravimeter (SG, model TT70#016, GWR Instruments) was deployed for the first time in Antarctica in 1992 at Syowa Station. Observations began in April 1993. Although the SG was equipped with a 10 K cry...A superconducting gravimeter (SG, model TT70#016, GWR Instruments) was deployed for the first time in Antarctica in 1992 at Syowa Station. Observations began in April 1993. Although the SG was equipped with a 10 K cryocooler, its liquid helium (LHe) required refilling twice a year to maintain its superconducting state. The LHe was produced by a separate helium liquefier. After continuous gravity measurement with the SG for 11 years, it was replaced by a second SG (CT#043) with a 4 K cryocooler in December 2003 in order to reduce loads of person in charge for LHe production. Because the manufacturer could not supply a replacement 4 K cryocooler, this SG ceased measurement in November 2009. In January 2010, a new superconducting gravimeter (OSG#058) was installed and had recorded high-quality gravity time series with data acquired every second for more than five years without interruption. Because the personal computer (PC) controlling the observation and data acquisition is connected with PCs in Japan through an Intelsat satellite communication link, we can check the status of observations in real time. It is also possible to fix remotely certain problems with the gravimeter. The observed gravity data are transferred daily to a data server in Japan. Also included in the upload are diagnostic data of the gravimeter such as the temperature of the coldhead and environmental data such as atmospheric pressure. Plots of the daily data are publicly available. The raw data with a 1 s sampling interval are also released to registered researchers. The released gravity time series along with the environmental data are greatly useful for investigating solid earth dynamics especially in the long period bands. We provide necessary information to use these long-range data sets.展开更多
This article focuses on technology＇s enormous impacts in solving food security. Over the past several decades technology has made an important contribution to Chinese food production, and it will continue to have the...This article focuses on technology＇s enormous impacts in solving food security. Over the past several decades technology has made an important contribution to Chinese food production, and it will continue to have the widest impact on food security in China. The relationship between technology and environment is discussed in this article. It is suggested that technology is significantly related to the theme of sustainable Agriculture, and technology can achieve food security.展开更多
The concept of truth degrees of formulas in Lukasiewicz n-valued propositional logic Ln is proposed. A limit theorem is obtained, which says that the truth function τ-n induced by truth degrees converges to the integ...The concept of truth degrees of formulas in Lukasiewicz n-valued propositional logic Ln is proposed. A limit theorem is obtained, which says that the truth function τ-n induced by truth degrees converges to the integrated truth function τ when n converges to infinite. Hence this limit theorem builds a bridge between the discrete valued Lukasiewicz logic and the continuous valued Lukasiewicz logic. Moreover, the results obtained in the present paper is a natural generalization of the corresponding results obtained in two-valued propositional logic.展开更多
The theory of （n） truth degrees of formulas is proposed in modal logic for the first time. A consistency theorem is obtained which says that the （n） truth degree of a modality-free formula equals the truth degree ...The theory of （n） truth degrees of formulas is proposed in modal logic for the first time. A consistency theorem is obtained which says that the （n） truth degree of a modality-free formula equals the truth degree of the formula in two-valued propositional logic. Variations of （n） truth degrees of formulas w.r.t. n in temporal logic is investigated. Moreover, the theory of （n） similarity degrees among modal formulas is proposed and the （n） modal logic metric space is derived therefrom which contains the classical logic metric space as a subspace. Finally, a kind of approximate reasoning theory is proposed in modal logic.展开更多
Splintage external fixation in Chinese Mongolian osteopathy is a biological macroscopic model. In this model, the ideas of self-life ＂unity of mind and body＂ and vital natural ＂correspondence of nature and human＂ ...Splintage external fixation in Chinese Mongolian osteopathy is a biological macroscopic model. In this model, the ideas of self-life ＂unity of mind and body＂ and vital natural ＂correspondence of nature and human＂ combine the physiological and psychological self-fixation with supplementary external fixation of fracture using small splints. This model implies macroscopic ideas of uncovering fixation and healing： structural stability integrating geometrical ＂dynamic＂ stability with mechanical ＂dynamic＂ equilibrium and the stability of state integrating statics with dynamics, and osteoblasts with osteoclasts, and psychological stability integrating closed and open systems of human and nature. These ideas indicate a trend of development in modern osteopathy.展开更多
Although the genetic algorithm has been widely used in the polarity optimization of mixed polarity Reed- Muller （MPRM） logic circuits, few studies have taken into account the polarity conversion sequence. In order t...Although the genetic algorithm has been widely used in the polarity optimization of mixed polarity Reed- Muller （MPRM） logic circuits, few studies have taken into account the polarity conversion sequence. In order to im- prove the efficiency of polarity optimization of MPRM logic circuits, we propose an efficient and fast polarity optimiza- tion approach （FPOA） considering the polarity conversion se- quence. The main idea behind the FPOA is that, firstly, the best polarity conversion sequence of the polarity set wait- ing for evaluation is obtained by using the proposed hybrid genetic algorithm （HGA）; secondly, each of polarity in the polarity set is converted according to the best polarity con- version sequence obtained by HGA. Our proposed FPOA is implemented in C and a comparative analysis has been pre- sented for MCNC benchmark circuits. The experimental re- suits show that for the circuits with more variables, the FPOA is highly effective in improving the efficiency of polarity op- timization of MPRM logic circuits compared with the tradi- tional polarity optimization approach which neglects the po- larity conversion sequence and the improved polarity opti- mization approach with heuristic technique.展开更多
The power and area optimization of Reed-Muller （RM） circuits has been widely concerned. However, almost none of the exiting power and area optimization approaches can obtain all the Pareto optimal solutions of the o...The power and area optimization of Reed-Muller （RM） circuits has been widely concerned. However, almost none of the exiting power and area optimization approaches can obtain all the Pareto optimal solutions of the original problem and are efficient enough. Moreover, they have not considered the don＇t care terms, which makes the circuit performance unable to be further optimized. In this paper, we propose a power and area optimization approach of mixed polarity RM expression （MPRM） for incompletely specified Boolean functions based on Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II （NSGA-II）. Firstly, the incompletely specified Boolean function is transformed into zero polarity incompletely specified MPRM （ISMPRM） by using a novel ISMPRM acquisition algorithm. Secondly, the polarity and allocation of don＇t care terms of ISMPRM is encoded as chromosome. Lastly, the Pareto optimal solutions are obtained by using NSGA-II, in which MPRM corresponding to the given chromosome is obtained by using a chromosome conversion algorithm. The results on incompletely specified Boolean functions and MCNC benchmark circuits show that a significant power and area improvement can be made compared with the existing power and area optimization approaches of RM circuits.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical properties and bioactivity potential of epoxy-based dental sealers modified with synthesized bioactive glass(BAG),hydroxyapatite(HA)and fluorine substituted hydro...The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical properties and bioactivity potential of epoxy-based dental sealers modified with synthesized bioactive glass(BAG),hydroxyapatite(HA)and fluorine substituted hydroxyapatite(FHA)nanoparticles.The synthesized powders were incorporated at 10%and 20%into the epoxy-based dental sealer.The setting time,flow and solubility and microhardness of the modified and unmodified samples were examined.The bioactivity was evaluated using FESEM-EDX and elemental mapping,ATR-FTIR and XRD.The flow value of all of the experimental groups except the FHA modified samples,was greater than 20 mm.Concerning solubility,no specimens exhibited more than 1%weight loss.The solubility value of the FHA groups was statistically significant lower than other groups(p≤0.001).The mean hardness values of all of the modified samples were significantly higher than the unmodified group(p≤0.001).Regarding bioactivity,in vitro study revealed that after 3 days immersion in SBF a compact and continuous calcium phosphate layer formed on the surface of epoxy sealers containing BAG and HA nanoparticles.Based on these results,the addition of BAG and HA nanoparticles did not adversely alter the physical properties of epoxy sealers.Additionally,they improved the in vitro bioactivity of the epoxy sealer.展开更多
Delay optimization has recently attracted signif-icant attention. However, few studies have focused on the delay optimization of mixed-polarity Reed-Muller (MPRM) logic circuits. In this paper, we propose an efficient...Delay optimization has recently attracted signif-icant attention. However, few studies have focused on the delay optimization of mixed-polarity Reed-Muller (MPRM) logic circuits. In this paper, we propose an efficient delay op-timization approach (EDOA) for MPRM logic circuits under the unit delay model, which can derive an optimal MPRM logic circuit with minimum delay. First, the simplest MPRM expression with the fewest number of product terms is ob-tained using a novel Reed-Muller expression simplification approach (RMESA) considering don't-care terms. Second, a minimum delay decomposition approach based on a Huffman tree construction algorithm is utilized on the simplest MPRM expression. Experimental results on MCNC benchmark cir-cuits demonstrate that compared to the Berkeley SIS 1.2 and ABC, the EDOA can significantly reduce delay for most cir-cuits. Furthermore, for a few circuits, while reducing delay, the EDOA incurs an area penalty.展开更多
In laser clinical applications, the process of photon absorption and thermal energy diffusion in the target tissue and its surrounding tissue during laser irradiation are crucial. Such information allows the selection...In laser clinical applications, the process of photon absorption and thermal energy diffusion in the target tissue and its surrounding tissue during laser irradiation are crucial. Such information allows the selection of proper operating parameters such as laser power, and exposure time for optimal therapeutic. The Monte Carlo method is a useful tool for studying laser-tissue interaction and simulation of energy absorption in tissue during laser irradiation. We use the principles of this technique and write a new code with MATLAB 6.5, and then validate it against Monte Carlo multi layer （MCML） code. The new code is proved to be with good accuracy. It can be used to calculate the total power absorbed in the region of interest. This can be combined for heat modelling with other computerized programs.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60372057) the Key Open laboratory on Information Science and Engineering of Railway Transportation Ministry of Beijing Jiaotong University of China(KLISAE-0103)
文摘This paper describes a new interleaver construction technique for turbo code.The technique searches as much as possible pseudo-random interleaving patterns under a certain condition using genetic algorithms(GAs).The new interleavers have the superiority of the S-random interleavers and this interleaver construction technique can reduce the time taken to generate pseudo-random interleaving patterns under a certain condition.The results obtained indicate that the new interleavers yield an equal to or better performance than the S-random interleavers.Compared to the S-random interleaver,this design requires a lower level of computational complexity.
文摘This study aims to investigate the efficacy of journal cumulative impact factors(CIFs)and annual impact factors(AIFs)in the evaluation of science journals.We screened U.S.ophthalmological journals based on the SCI database by the inclusive and exclusive criteria.The CIFs and AIFs were calculated based on the citation data of the screened SCI-indexed ophthalmological journals in Web of Science ranging from 1-y to 10-y data,year by year.The peer review scores of these journals were obtained through questionnaire surveys issued to U.S.ophthalmologists,which were recognised as the golden standard for journal evaluation.The effects of CIFs and AIFs on journal evaluation were analyzed and compared,followed by the assessment of the correlation of peer review scores with journal CIFs and AIFs.We found that both AIFs and CIFs were positively correlated with the peer review score,but the correlation coefficient of CIFs with peer review score outweighed that of AIFs with peer review score in the same time window excluding 3-y and 6-y CIF.From the correlation analysis,the 7-y CIF had the strongest correlation with peer review score(r=0.706,P=0.000),so CIF at the 7-y time window was the optimum parameter with regards to U.S.ophthalmologic journal evaluation in this study.Finally,there were four journals which were indexed in Web of Science over a long time period,of which the CIFs did not grow persistently.Therefore,we thought that more attention should be paid to the cumulative citation counts made from the first year when the source items were published.The optimum time window was still a controversial issue as research areas have variable citation characteristics.
文摘Biochar is a functional and environmentally friendly material mainly made from by-products of industrial and agricultural production as raw material, which is cracked at high temperatures and slow speeds. The preparation of biochar requires the thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-restricted environment. Different raw materials and preparation processes result in biochar with different internal structures and biofunctional groups, which often have different properties. Adsorption of heavy metal pollutants is one of the main research directions for biochar application, and there are still areas that can be improved in the current research for biochar for treating heavy metal wastewater. In this study, we take the treatment of cadmium-containing wastewater as an example, walnut shell biochar (WSBC) as a carrier, iron(VI) compounds as a modifying reagent, and test the performance of cadmium-containing wastewater treatment using simulated cadmium-containing wastewater by adjusting the pyrolysis process and modification method at the same time to find the optimal experimental scheme, and give a reasonable theoretical explanation in relation to the results of the characterization tests, such as SEM, FT-IR, and so on. The characterized results show that iron(VI) compound (K<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub>)-modified WSBC has a significant ability to remove cadmium contamination in the wastewater (remove 96.62% of cadmium in 1 minute), and its structure is different from other iron compound-modified ones. The aim of this study is to improve the efficiency of cadmium adsorption by specific types of biochar, while realizing the whole process as environmentally friendly as possible.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 82060836Jiangxi Province Graduate Student Innovation Special Fund Project,No. YC2021-B146Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Team Development Program,No. CXTD22008
文摘BACKGROUND Studies have shown that a high-fat diet(HFD) can alter gut microbiota(GM)homeostasis and participate in lipid metabolism disorders associated with obesity.Therefore, regulating the construction of GM with the balance of lipid metabolism has become essential for treating obesity. Salvia miltiorrhiza extract(Sal), a common traditional Chinese medicine, has been proven effective against atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and other dyslipidemia-related diseases.AIM To investigate the anti-obesity effects of Sal in rats with HFD-induced obesity, and explore the underlying mechanism by focusing on GM and lipid metabolism.METHODS Obesity was induced in rats with an HFD for 7 wk, and Sal(0.675 g/1.35 g/2.70g/kg/d) was administered to treat obese rats for 8 wk. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by body weight, body fat index, waistline, and serum lipid level. Lipid factors(cAMP, PKA, and HSL) in liver and fat homogenates were analyzed by ELISA. The effect of Sal on GM and lipid metabolism was assessed by 16S rRNAbased microbiota analysis and untargeted lipidomic analysis(LC-MS/MS),respectively.RESULTS Sal treatment markedly reduced weight, body fat index, serum triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein, glucose, free fatty acid, hepatic lipid accumulation, and adipocyte vacuolation, and increased serum high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C) in rats with HFD-induced obesity. These effects were associated with increased concentrations of lipid factors such as c AMP, PKA, and HSL in the liver and adipose tissues, enhanced gut integrity, and improved lipid metabolism. GM analysis revealed that Sal could reverse HFD-induced dysbacteriosis by promoting the abundance of Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria, and decreasing the growth of Firmicutes and Desulfobacterita. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that Sal decreased TGs(TG18:2/18:2/20:4, TG16:0/18:2/22:6), DGs(DG14:0/22:6, DG22:6/22:6), CL(18:2/18:1/18:1/20:0), and increased ceramides(Cers;Cer d16:0/21:0, Cer d16:1/24:1),(O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids(OAHFAs;OAHFA18:0/14:0) in the feces of rats. Spearman’s correlation analysis further indicated that TGs, DGs, and CL were negatively related to the abundance of Facklamia and Dubosiella, and positively correlated with Blautia and Quinella, while OAHFAs and Cers were the opposite.CONCLUSION Sal has an anti-obesity effect by regulating the GM and lipid metabolism.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81760808 and No.82260863Scientific and Technological Project of Education Department of Jiangxi Province,No.GJJ181582+1 种基金Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Team Development Program,No.CXTD22008Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs,Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.202208.
文摘BACKGROUND Restoration of immune homeostasis by targeting the balance between memory T helper(mTh)cells and memory follicular T helper(mTfh)cells is a potential therapeutic strategy against ulcerative colitis(UC).Because of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties,curcumin(Cur)is a promising drug for UC treatment.However,fewer studies have demonstrated whether Cur can modulate the mTh/mTfh subset balance in mice with colitis.AIM To explore the potential mechanism underlying Cur-mediated alleviation of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)in mice by regulating the mTh and mTfh immune homeostasis.METHODS Balb/c mice were administered 3%and 2%DSS to establish the UC model and treated with Cur(200 mg/kg/d)by gavage on days 11-17.On the 18th d,all mice were anesthetized and euthanized,and the colonic length,colonic weight,and colonic weight index were evaluated.Histomorphological changes in the mouse colon were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.Levels of Th/mTh and Tfh/mTfh cell subsets in the spleen were detected through flow cytometry.Western blotting was performed to detect SOCS-1,SOCS-3,STAT3,p-STAT3,JAK1,p-JAK1,and NF-κB p65 protein expression levels in colon tissues.RESULTS Cur effectively mitigates DSS-induced colitis,facilitates the restoration of mouse weight and colonic length,and diminishes the colonic weight and colonic weight index.Simultaneously,it hinders ulcer development and inflammatory cell infiltration in the colonic mucous membrane.While the percentage of Th1,mTh1,Th7,mTh7,Th17,mTh17,Tfh1,mTfh1,Tfh7,mTfh7,Tfh17,and mTfh17 cells decreased after Cur treatment of the mice for 7 d,and the frequency of mTh10,Th10,mTfh10,and Tfh10 cells in the mouse spleen increased.Further studies revealed that Cur administration prominently decreased the SOCS-1,SOCS-3,STAT3,p-STAT3,JAK1,p-JAK1,and NF-κB p65 protein expression levels in the colon tissue.CONCLUSION Cur regulated the mTh/mTfh cell homeostasis to reduce DSS-induced colonic pathological damage,potentially by suppressing the JAK1/STAT3/SOCS signaling pathway.
基金funded by the Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine(RCSTiM),Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran(TUMS),Tehran,Iran
文摘Several studies have demonstrated that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants can promote neuronal cell proliferation and enhance neuroplasticity both in vitro and in vivo. It is hypothesized that citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, can promote the neuronal differentiation of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Citalopram strongly enhanced neuronal characteristics of the cells derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The rate of cell death was decreased in citalopram-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells than in control cells in neurobasal medium. In addition, the cumulative population doubling level of the citalopram-treated cells was signiifcantly increased compared to that of control cells. Also BrdU incorporation was elevated in citalopram-treated cells. These ifndings suggest that citalopram can improve the neuronal-like cell differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by increasing cell proliferation and survival while maintaining their neuronal characteristics.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81760808Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Team Development Program,No.CXTD22008.
文摘BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction is the crucial cause in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which is mainly related to lymphocytes(T or B cells,including memory B cells),mast cells,activated neutrophils,and macrophages.As the precursor of B cells,the activation of memory B cells can trigger and differentiate B cells to produce a giant variety of inducible B cells and tolerant B cells,whose dysfunction can easily lead to autoimmune diseases,including IBD.AIM To investigate whether or not curcumin(Cur)can alleviate experimental colitis by regulating memory B cells and Bcl-6-Syk-BLNK signaling.METHODS Colitis was induced in mice with a dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)solution in drinking water.Colitis mice were given Cur(100 mg/kg/d)orally for 14 consecutive days.The colonic weight,colonic length,intestinal weight index,occult blood scores,and histological scores of mice were examined to evaluate the curative effect.The levels of memory B cells in peripheral blood of mice were measured by flow cytometry,and IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,IL-7A,and TNF-αexpression in colonic tissue homogenates were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Western blot was used to measure the expression of Bcl-6,BLNK,Syk,and other signaling pathway related proteins.RESULTS After Cur treatment for 14 d,the body weight,colonic weight,colonic length,colonic weight index,and colonic pathological injury of mice with colitis were ameliorated.The secretion of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-7A was statistically decreased,while the IL-35 and IL-10 levels were considerably increased.Activation of memory B cell subsets in colitis mice was confirmed by a remarkable reduction in the expression of IgM,IgG,IgA,FCRL5,CD103,FasL,PD-1,CD38,and CXCR3 on the surface of CD19^(+)CD27^(+)B cells,while the number of CD19^(+)CD27^(+)IL-10^(+)and CD19^(+)CD27^(+)Tim-3^(+)B cells increased significantly.In addition,Cur significantly inhibited the protein levels of Syk,p-Syk,Bcl-6,and CIN85,and increased BLNK and p-BLNK expression in colitis mice.CONCLUSION Cur could effectively alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating memory B cells and the Bcl-6-Syk-BLNK signaling pathway.
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean Government(2019R1A2C2091068).
文摘Typical fundus photography produces a two-dimensional image.This makes it difficult to observe the microvascular and neural abnormalities,because the depth of the image is missing.To provide depth appreciation,we develop a single-channel stereoscopic fundus video imaging sys-tem based on a rotating refractor.With respect to the pupil center,the rotating refractor laterally displaces the optical path and the illumination.This allows standard monocular fundus cameras to generate stereo-parallax and image disparity through sequential image acquisition.We opti-mize our imaging system,characterize the stereo-base,and image an eyeball model and a rabbit eye.When virtual realities are considered,our imaging system can be a simple yet efficient technique to provide depth perception in a virtual space that allows users to perceive abnor-malities in the eye fundus.
基金Supported by Project of Social and Scientific Foundation of China(09XJY020)Project of Social and Scientific Foundation of Yunnan Province(HZ2009021)
文摘The social and economical condition,cultivated land resources and general situation of grain production of research area are introduced.According to relevant data of cultivated land of Kunming City in 2006,taking the minimum per capita cultivated land and index model of cultivated land pressure,and combining with two conditions of per capita grain demand which are 300 kg and 400 kg,the comparative research method was used to calculate and analyze the minimum per capita cultivated land and index model of cultivated land pressure.The results show that when per capita grain demand-Gr is 300 kg,the per capita cultivated land in Kunming City has regional differences,reflects different regular patterns of spatial distribution,and presents obvious and typical radial distribution.Urban area of Kunming has the lowest point and be taken as the center,per capita cultivated land decreases progressively from suburban to the periphery;when per capita grain demand-Gr is 400 kg,under the same consumption level,cultivated land pressures of each county in Kunming City are different,and so are the driven factors;when per capita grain demand-Gr is 300 kg or 400 kg,the indexes of cultivated land pressure in Kunming are all greater than 1,cultivated land pressure is enormous,the indexes of cultivated land pressure of each county(district) have two conditions-greater than 1 and less than 2,and the reasons differ from one another.Combining with the spatial distribution characteristics of the cultivated land and food and the situation of industrial development,the countermeasures and suggestions are put forwarded to make full use of back-up cultivated land,to plan the distribution of industrial structure in each county(district) of Kunming City as a whole,to dispose cultivated land resources reasonably and so on.
文摘A superconducting gravimeter (SG, model TT70#016, GWR Instruments) was deployed for the first time in Antarctica in 1992 at Syowa Station. Observations began in April 1993. Although the SG was equipped with a 10 K cryocooler, its liquid helium (LHe) required refilling twice a year to maintain its superconducting state. The LHe was produced by a separate helium liquefier. After continuous gravity measurement with the SG for 11 years, it was replaced by a second SG (CT#043) with a 4 K cryocooler in December 2003 in order to reduce loads of person in charge for LHe production. Because the manufacturer could not supply a replacement 4 K cryocooler, this SG ceased measurement in November 2009. In January 2010, a new superconducting gravimeter (OSG#058) was installed and had recorded high-quality gravity time series with data acquired every second for more than five years without interruption. Because the personal computer (PC) controlling the observation and data acquisition is connected with PCs in Japan through an Intelsat satellite communication link, we can check the status of observations in real time. It is also possible to fix remotely certain problems with the gravimeter. The observed gravity data are transferred daily to a data server in Japan. Also included in the upload are diagnostic data of the gravimeter such as the temperature of the coldhead and environmental data such as atmospheric pressure. Plots of the daily data are publicly available. The raw data with a 1 s sampling interval are also released to registered researchers. The released gravity time series along with the environmental data are greatly useful for investigating solid earth dynamics especially in the long period bands. We provide necessary information to use these long-range data sets.
文摘This article focuses on technology＇s enormous impacts in solving food security. Over the past several decades technology has made an important contribution to Chinese food production, and it will continue to have the widest impact on food security in China. The relationship between technology and environment is discussed in this article. It is suggested that technology is significantly related to the theme of sustainable Agriculture, and technology can achieve food security.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No．10331010)
文摘The concept of truth degrees of formulas in Lukasiewicz n-valued propositional logic Ln is proposed. A limit theorem is obtained, which says that the truth function τ-n induced by truth degrees converges to the integrated truth function τ when n converges to infinite. Hence this limit theorem builds a bridge between the discrete valued Lukasiewicz logic and the continuous valued Lukasiewicz logic. Moreover, the results obtained in the present paper is a natural generalization of the corresponding results obtained in two-valued propositional logic.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10331010 and 10771129)the Foundation of 211 Constructionof Shaanxi Normal University
文摘The theory of （n） truth degrees of formulas is proposed in modal logic for the first time. A consistency theorem is obtained which says that the （n） truth degree of a modality-free formula equals the truth degree of the formula in two-valued propositional logic. Variations of （n） truth degrees of formulas w.r.t. n in temporal logic is investigated. Moreover, the theory of （n） similarity degrees among modal formulas is proposed and the （n） modal logic metric space is derived therefrom which contains the classical logic metric space as a subspace. Finally, a kind of approximate reasoning theory is proposed in modal logic.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.30660239） in 2006 and the major research project for universities and colleges in Inner Mongolia （No.JN3176） in 2003.
文摘Splintage external fixation in Chinese Mongolian osteopathy is a biological macroscopic model. In this model, the ideas of self-life ＂unity of mind and body＂ and vital natural ＂correspondence of nature and human＂ combine the physiological and psychological self-fixation with supplementary external fixation of fracture using small splints. This model implies macroscopic ideas of uncovering fixation and healing： structural stability integrating geometrical ＂dynamic＂ stability with mechanical ＂dynamic＂ equilibrium and the stability of state integrating statics with dynamics, and osteoblasts with osteoclasts, and psychological stability integrating closed and open systems of human and nature. These ideas indicate a trend of development in modern osteopathy.
文摘Although the genetic algorithm has been widely used in the polarity optimization of mixed polarity Reed- Muller （MPRM） logic circuits, few studies have taken into account the polarity conversion sequence. In order to im- prove the efficiency of polarity optimization of MPRM logic circuits, we propose an efficient and fast polarity optimiza- tion approach （FPOA） considering the polarity conversion se- quence. The main idea behind the FPOA is that, firstly, the best polarity conversion sequence of the polarity set wait- ing for evaluation is obtained by using the proposed hybrid genetic algorithm （HGA）; secondly, each of polarity in the polarity set is converted according to the best polarity con- version sequence obtained by HGA. Our proposed FPOA is implemented in C and a comparative analysis has been pre- sented for MCNC benchmark circuits. The experimental re- suits show that for the circuits with more variables, the FPOA is highly effective in improving the efficiency of polarity op- timization of MPRM logic circuits compared with the tradi- tional polarity optimization approach which neglects the po- larity conversion sequence and the improved polarity opti- mization approach with heuristic technique.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60973106, 61370059, 61232009, and 81571142, Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 4152030, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under Grant Nos. YWF-15-CJSYS-085 and YWF-14-JSJXY-14, the Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture of China under Grant No. CARCH201507, the Open Project Program of National Engineering Research Center for Science and Technology Resources Sharing Service （Beihang University）, and the Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment of China under Grant No. SKLSDE-2016ZX-15.
文摘The power and area optimization of Reed-Muller （RM） circuits has been widely concerned. However, almost none of the exiting power and area optimization approaches can obtain all the Pareto optimal solutions of the original problem and are efficient enough. Moreover, they have not considered the don＇t care terms, which makes the circuit performance unable to be further optimized. In this paper, we propose a power and area optimization approach of mixed polarity RM expression （MPRM） for incompletely specified Boolean functions based on Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II （NSGA-II）. Firstly, the incompletely specified Boolean function is transformed into zero polarity incompletely specified MPRM （ISMPRM） by using a novel ISMPRM acquisition algorithm. Secondly, the polarity and allocation of don＇t care terms of ISMPRM is encoded as chromosome. Lastly, the Pareto optimal solutions are obtained by using NSGA-II, in which MPRM corresponding to the given chromosome is obtained by using a chromosome conversion algorithm. The results on incompletely specified Boolean functions and MCNC benchmark circuits show that a significant power and area improvement can be made compared with the existing power and area optimization approaches of RM circuits.
基金supported by International Campus of Tehran University of Medical Sciences(IC-TUMS)and health Services grant No.9423684001.
文摘The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical properties and bioactivity potential of epoxy-based dental sealers modified with synthesized bioactive glass(BAG),hydroxyapatite(HA)and fluorine substituted hydroxyapatite(FHA)nanoparticles.The synthesized powders were incorporated at 10%and 20%into the epoxy-based dental sealer.The setting time,flow and solubility and microhardness of the modified and unmodified samples were examined.The bioactivity was evaluated using FESEM-EDX and elemental mapping,ATR-FTIR and XRD.The flow value of all of the experimental groups except the FHA modified samples,was greater than 20 mm.Concerning solubility,no specimens exhibited more than 1%weight loss.The solubility value of the FHA groups was statistically significant lower than other groups(p≤0.001).The mean hardness values of all of the modified samples were significantly higher than the unmodified group(p≤0.001).Regarding bioactivity,in vitro study revealed that after 3 days immersion in SBF a compact and continuous calcium phosphate layer formed on the surface of epoxy sealers containing BAG and HA nanoparticles.Based on these results,the addition of BAG and HA nanoparticles did not adversely alter the physical properties of epoxy sealers.Additionally,they improved the in vitro bioactivity of the epoxy sealer.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61370059 and 61232009)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (4152030), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YWF-15-GJSYS-085, YWF-14-JSJXY-14)+1 种基金Open Project Program of National Engineering Research Center for Science & Technology Resources Sharing Service (Beihang University), the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture (CARCH201507)the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment (SKLSDE-2016ZX-13).
文摘Delay optimization has recently attracted signif-icant attention. However, few studies have focused on the delay optimization of mixed-polarity Reed-Muller (MPRM) logic circuits. In this paper, we propose an efficient delay op-timization approach (EDOA) for MPRM logic circuits under the unit delay model, which can derive an optimal MPRM logic circuit with minimum delay. First, the simplest MPRM expression with the fewest number of product terms is ob-tained using a novel Reed-Muller expression simplification approach (RMESA) considering don't-care terms. Second, a minimum delay decomposition approach based on a Huffman tree construction algorithm is utilized on the simplest MPRM expression. Experimental results on MCNC benchmark cir-cuits demonstrate that compared to the Berkeley SIS 1.2 and ABC, the EDOA can significantly reduce delay for most cir-cuits. Furthermore, for a few circuits, while reducing delay, the EDOA incurs an area penalty.
文摘In laser clinical applications, the process of photon absorption and thermal energy diffusion in the target tissue and its surrounding tissue during laser irradiation are crucial. Such information allows the selection of proper operating parameters such as laser power, and exposure time for optimal therapeutic. The Monte Carlo method is a useful tool for studying laser-tissue interaction and simulation of energy absorption in tissue during laser irradiation. We use the principles of this technique and write a new code with MATLAB 6.5, and then validate it against Monte Carlo multi layer （MCML） code. The new code is proved to be with good accuracy. It can be used to calculate the total power absorbed in the region of interest. This can be combined for heat modelling with other computerized programs.
