Objective Pharmacopoeias regulate the manufacture of potentised pharmaceutical preparations used in different branches of complementary and integrative medicine.The physicochemical properties and biological activity o...Objective Pharmacopoeias regulate the manufacture of potentised pharmaceutical preparations used in different branches of complementary and integrative medicine.The physicochemical properties and biological activity of these preparations are often investigated in preclinical research,yet no guidelines for experimental research currently exist in this area.The present PrePoP guidelines aim to provide recommendations to promote high-quality,statistically sound,and reproducible preclinical research on potentised preparations.Methods Input was gathered from researchers nominated by the relevant scientific societies using a simplified Delphi consensus approach covering the most relevant aspects of basic research methodology in the field including appropriate controls,sample preparation and handling,and statistics.After three rounds of feedback,a consensus was finally reached on the most important aspects and considerations for conducting high-quality research on potentised preparations.Results We present a series of recommendations on a range of topics including experimental controls,system stability,blinding and randomisation,environmental influences,and procedures for the preparation of potentised samples and controls,and we address some specific challenges of this research field.Conclusion This expert consensus process resulted in a robust set of methodological guidelines for research on potentised preparations and provides a valuable framework that will inform and improve the quality of subsequent research in this emerging field.展开更多
Diagnostic testing plays a fundamental role in the mitigation and containment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),as it enables immediate quarantine of those who are infected and contagious and is essential for the ...Diagnostic testing plays a fundamental role in the mitigation and containment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),as it enables immediate quarantine of those who are infected and contagious and is essential for the epidemiological characterization of the virus and estimating the number of infected cases worldwide.Confirmation of viral infections,such as COVID-19,can be achieved through two general approaches:nucleic acid amplification tests(NAATs)or molecular tests,and serological or antibody-based tests.The genetic material of the pathogen is detected in NAAT,and in serological tests,host antibodies produced in response to the pathogen are identified.Other methods of diagnosing COVID-19 include radiological imaging of the lungs and in vitro detection of viral antigens.This review covers different approaches available to diagnosing COVID-19 by outlining their advantages and shortcomings,as well as appropriate indications for more accurate testing.展开更多
Dear Editor,Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDHc) is a large multienzyme assembly(Mr = 4–10 million Daltons) consisting of three essential components: pyruvate dehydrogenase(E1p), dihydrolipoyl transacetylase(E2p), an...Dear Editor,Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDHc) is a large multienzyme assembly(Mr = 4–10 million Daltons) consisting of three essential components: pyruvate dehydrogenase(E1p), dihydrolipoyl transacetylase(E2p), and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase(E3). These three enzymes perform distinct functions sequentially to catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate with formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH) and acetyl-coenzyme A(Patel and Roche, 1990).展开更多
In a recent article published in Nature,James A.Cornwell et al.describe that cyclin A2 levels determine whether cells will make an entrance into mitosis or whether cells will leave the cell cycle after having passed t...In a recent article published in Nature,James A.Cornwell et al.describe that cyclin A2 levels determine whether cells will make an entrance into mitosis or whether cells will leave the cell cycle after having passed the G1/restriction(R)-point implicating that the decision is fully reversible(Fig.1).This ground-breaking study could impact future approaches for cancer treatment by targeting the mitotic clock.展开更多
Fluorescent patterning has attracted a great deal of attention owing to its potential applications in different areas in particular anti-counterfeiting technology.Fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)as a type of fluorescent d...Fluorescent patterning has attracted a great deal of attention owing to its potential applications in different areas in particular anti-counterfeiting technology.Fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)as a type of fluorescent dyes can be used in invisible patterning due to their remarkable optical properties.This study attempts to introduce green fluorescent CDs as a promising factor in textile coding.Accordingly,a new green source opted to prepare CDs using the hydrothermal approach.Moreover,toxicity assays were performed to prove the safety of these carbon-based nanoparticles for humanity.They were also conjugated with cotton fiber successfully.Therefore,these green prepared CDs are promising for security labeling in the textile industry.展开更多
In this paper,based on the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)with type 2 diabetes(T2D),we evaluated the association of polymorphism with morbidly obesity on risk type 2 diabetes.A case-control s...In this paper,based on the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)with type 2 diabetes(T2D),we evaluated the association of polymorphism with morbidly obesity on risk type 2 diabetes.A case-control study of 74 health morbidly obese and 76 healthy non-obese was conducted in Iraq.MTHFR(C677T,A1298C and G1793A)genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).The study revealed a significant association between cytidine/thymine(CT)genotype of C677T and morbid obesity(odds ratio(OR):1.26,95%confidence interval(CI):0.91-1.60,probability(P)=0.0003),but did not show any significant association in thymine/thymine(TT)genotype(OR:0.258,95%CI:0.88-1.60,P=0.082).On the other hand the second single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)A1298C showed highly significant association in adenine/adenine(AA)genotype(OR:1.39,95%CI:0.91-1.58,P=0.0001)and significant association between adenine/cytidine(AC)and cytidine/cytidine(CC)genotypes(OR:0.702,95%CI:0.88-1.61,P=0.0377),(OR:0.844,95%CI:0.91-1.59,P=0.0273),respectively,but showed no significant relation in three types of normal homozygous,heterozygous and rare homozygous in MTHFR-G1793A.The results suggested that A1298C substitution might pose a direct effect on being type 2 diabetes in morbidly obese patients,and C677T had moderate effect,while G1793A had no effect.However,further case-control studies are required to provide a more robust conclusion.展开更多
In consideration of the imperious need for developing a simple,ultra-sensitive and selective method to detect Hepatitis B virus(HBV),an label free aptasensor was constructed by the modification of a chemically inert g...In consideration of the imperious need for developing a simple,ultra-sensitive and selective method to detect Hepatitis B virus(HBV),an label free aptasensor was constructed by the modification of a chemically inert glassy carbon electrode(GCE)by dint of a gold nanoparticle immobilized reduced graphene oxide.The ultrasensitive detection was attained using a specific ssDNA(thiolated aptamer at the 5′end)as a recognition element.The aptamer was fastened onto GCE/rGO/Au surface via the Au-S bond for determining the impedance of charge mobility by means of[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3-/4-) as a redox gauge.The function of aptasensor based on the specific interaction between the aptamer and specific surface antigen HBsAg induced[HBsAg-aptamer]complex formation which impeded electron movability between a[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3-/4-) redox probe solution and sensing interface.HBsAg-binding aptamer events can be easily monitored by the signal switch through cyclic voltammetry technique(CV),square wave voltammetry(SWV),and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)measurements.Under the optimized conditions,the aptasensor can detect HBsAg in the 0.25 fg/mL to 1.5 fg/mL concentration range and limit of detection of 0.018,0.0016 and 0.001 fg/mL for CV,SWV and EIS respectively.The recovery of 88-109.6%was obtained.Moreover,the selectivity of the aptasensor was tested using other biological interfering substances.This developed aptasensor provided one of the lowest limits of detection for HBsAg recently reported in the literature,satisfying stability and good reproducibility,consequently could be applied for revealing HBsAg in real samples.展开更多
文摘Objective Pharmacopoeias regulate the manufacture of potentised pharmaceutical preparations used in different branches of complementary and integrative medicine.The physicochemical properties and biological activity of these preparations are often investigated in preclinical research,yet no guidelines for experimental research currently exist in this area.The present PrePoP guidelines aim to provide recommendations to promote high-quality,statistically sound,and reproducible preclinical research on potentised preparations.Methods Input was gathered from researchers nominated by the relevant scientific societies using a simplified Delphi consensus approach covering the most relevant aspects of basic research methodology in the field including appropriate controls,sample preparation and handling,and statistics.After three rounds of feedback,a consensus was finally reached on the most important aspects and considerations for conducting high-quality research on potentised preparations.Results We present a series of recommendations on a range of topics including experimental controls,system stability,blinding and randomisation,environmental influences,and procedures for the preparation of potentised samples and controls,and we address some specific challenges of this research field.Conclusion This expert consensus process resulted in a robust set of methodological guidelines for research on potentised preparations and provides a valuable framework that will inform and improve the quality of subsequent research in this emerging field.
基金supported by the Protein Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University.
文摘Diagnostic testing plays a fundamental role in the mitigation and containment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),as it enables immediate quarantine of those who are infected and contagious and is essential for the epidemiological characterization of the virus and estimating the number of infected cases worldwide.Confirmation of viral infections,such as COVID-19,can be achieved through two general approaches:nucleic acid amplification tests(NAATs)or molecular tests,and serological or antibody-based tests.The genetic material of the pathogen is detected in NAAT,and in serological tests,host antibodies produced in response to the pathogen are identified.Other methods of diagnosing COVID-19 include radiological imaging of the lungs and in vitro detection of viral antigens.This review covers different approaches available to diagnosing COVID-19 by outlining their advantages and shortcomings,as well as appropriate indications for more accurate testing.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1302701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030056 to M.Y.+4 种基金32241031 and 32171195 to S.L.)the scientific project of Beijing Life Science Academy(2023300CA0090)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(2023Z11DSZ001)the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Office of Sponsored Research(OSR)under Award(OSR-2020-CRG9-4352)Office of Research Administration(ORA)under Award No.URF/1/4352-01-01,FCC/1/1976-44-01,FCC/1/1976-45-01,REI/1/5234-01-01,and REI/1/5414-01-01.
文摘Dear Editor,Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDHc) is a large multienzyme assembly(Mr = 4–10 million Daltons) consisting of three essential components: pyruvate dehydrogenase(E1p), dihydrolipoyl transacetylase(E2p), and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase(E3). These three enzymes perform distinct functions sequentially to catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate with formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH) and acetyl-coenzyme A(Patel and Roche, 1990).
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEALsupported by the German Research Council(DFG),award numbers HA 1791/11-1-2,HA 1791/12-1 to MH and TG(grant numbers 440716364 and 449501615)financial support of the Open Access Publication Fund of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg.
文摘In a recent article published in Nature,James A.Cornwell et al.describe that cyclin A2 levels determine whether cells will make an entrance into mitosis or whether cells will leave the cell cycle after having passed the G1/restriction(R)-point implicating that the decision is fully reversible(Fig.1).This ground-breaking study could impact future approaches for cancer treatment by targeting the mitotic clock.
文摘Fluorescent patterning has attracted a great deal of attention owing to its potential applications in different areas in particular anti-counterfeiting technology.Fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)as a type of fluorescent dyes can be used in invisible patterning due to their remarkable optical properties.This study attempts to introduce green fluorescent CDs as a promising factor in textile coding.Accordingly,a new green source opted to prepare CDs using the hydrothermal approach.Moreover,toxicity assays were performed to prove the safety of these carbon-based nanoparticles for humanity.They were also conjugated with cotton fiber successfully.Therefore,these green prepared CDs are promising for security labeling in the textile industry.
文摘In this paper,based on the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)with type 2 diabetes(T2D),we evaluated the association of polymorphism with morbidly obesity on risk type 2 diabetes.A case-control study of 74 health morbidly obese and 76 healthy non-obese was conducted in Iraq.MTHFR(C677T,A1298C and G1793A)genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).The study revealed a significant association between cytidine/thymine(CT)genotype of C677T and morbid obesity(odds ratio(OR):1.26,95%confidence interval(CI):0.91-1.60,probability(P)=0.0003),but did not show any significant association in thymine/thymine(TT)genotype(OR:0.258,95%CI:0.88-1.60,P=0.082).On the other hand the second single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)A1298C showed highly significant association in adenine/adenine(AA)genotype(OR:1.39,95%CI:0.91-1.58,P=0.0001)and significant association between adenine/cytidine(AC)and cytidine/cytidine(CC)genotypes(OR:0.702,95%CI:0.88-1.61,P=0.0377),(OR:0.844,95%CI:0.91-1.59,P=0.0273),respectively,but showed no significant relation in three types of normal homozygous,heterozygous and rare homozygous in MTHFR-G1793A.The results suggested that A1298C substitution might pose a direct effect on being type 2 diabetes in morbidly obese patients,and C677T had moderate effect,while G1793A had no effect.However,further case-control studies are required to provide a more robust conclusion.
文摘In consideration of the imperious need for developing a simple,ultra-sensitive and selective method to detect Hepatitis B virus(HBV),an label free aptasensor was constructed by the modification of a chemically inert glassy carbon electrode(GCE)by dint of a gold nanoparticle immobilized reduced graphene oxide.The ultrasensitive detection was attained using a specific ssDNA(thiolated aptamer at the 5′end)as a recognition element.The aptamer was fastened onto GCE/rGO/Au surface via the Au-S bond for determining the impedance of charge mobility by means of[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3-/4-) as a redox gauge.The function of aptasensor based on the specific interaction between the aptamer and specific surface antigen HBsAg induced[HBsAg-aptamer]complex formation which impeded electron movability between a[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3-/4-) redox probe solution and sensing interface.HBsAg-binding aptamer events can be easily monitored by the signal switch through cyclic voltammetry technique(CV),square wave voltammetry(SWV),and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)measurements.Under the optimized conditions,the aptasensor can detect HBsAg in the 0.25 fg/mL to 1.5 fg/mL concentration range and limit of detection of 0.018,0.0016 and 0.001 fg/mL for CV,SWV and EIS respectively.The recovery of 88-109.6%was obtained.Moreover,the selectivity of the aptasensor was tested using other biological interfering substances.This developed aptasensor provided one of the lowest limits of detection for HBsAg recently reported in the literature,satisfying stability and good reproducibility,consequently could be applied for revealing HBsAg in real samples.
