The organosulfur compound sulforaphane(SFN;C6H11NOS2)is a potent cytoprotective agent promoting antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antiglycative,and antimicrobial effects in in vitro and in vivo experimental models.Mitocho...The organosulfur compound sulforaphane(SFN;C6H11NOS2)is a potent cytoprotective agent promoting antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antiglycative,and antimicrobial effects in in vitro and in vivo experimental models.Mitochondria are the major site of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production due to the work of the oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS)system.They are also the main site of reactive oxygen species(ROS)production in nucleated human cells.Mitochondrial impairment is central in several human diseases,including neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders.In this paper,we describe and discuss the effects and mechanisms of action by which SFN modulates mitochondrial function and dynamics in mammalian cells.Mitochondria-related pro-apoptotic effects promoted by SFN in tumor cells are also discussed.SFN may be considered a cytoprotective agent,at least in part,because of the effects this organosulfur agent induces in mitochondria.Nonetheless,there are certain points that should be addressed in further experiments,indicated here as future directions,which may help researchers in this field of research.展开更多
Because of the constant challenge to preserve the environment and the search for new materials, a comparative study was carried out using keratin fiber, a fibrous protein, found in the chicken feathers. Five different...Because of the constant challenge to preserve the environment and the search for new materials, a comparative study was carried out using keratin fiber, a fibrous protein, found in the chicken feathers. Five different samples of the feather were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). First in their natural form Keratin Fiber (KF);the second treated with sodium hydroxide (KFNaOH);the third and fourth samples were semi carbonized at 220℃ in an oven without atmospheric control for 24 hours (samples obtained: Clear brown (SCFC) and Dark brown (SCFD));and the fifth sample was carbonized by pyrolysis Carbonized Feathers (CF). The SEM result shows that the KF has a hollow structure, with knots and hooks. The KFNaOH structure presented rougher than that of the KF, but lost their hooks. The SCFC and SCFD presented brittle structures, but preserved the hollow structure of KF;however, it was only noticeable to a magnification of 3000 times. On the other hand, the CF, was shiny, black, and showed a higher amount of porosity with open micro-pores and micro-tubes, preserved the hollow structure of KF than any other samples studied, and also presented well-defined closed micro-tubes. From the XRD analysis of the KF, CF, KFNaOH, SCFC and SCFD, presented semi-crystalline structures, with the following indices of crystallinity, 20.09%, 18.93%, 17.97%, 15.02% and 14.31%, respectively. The CF presented smaller size crystallites, in between the micro- particulates, around 27 nm and the KFNaOH with larger size around 74 nm. From this study it was concluded that micro-porous carbon material from chicken feathers (KF) could be efficiently obtained through pyrolysis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE：Annona tomentosa R.E.Fr is a species not endemic to Brazil that belongs to the phytogeographic areas of the Amazon,Cerrado and Pantanal.Popularly known as“araticum rasteiro”or“araticum de moita”,A.tomen...OBJECTIVE：Annona tomentosa R.E.Fr is a species not endemic to Brazil that belongs to the phytogeographic areas of the Amazon,Cerrado and Pantanal.Popularly known as“araticum rasteiro”or“araticum de moita”,A.tomentosa is edible and tea made from the leaves has been used as an antiinflammatory by native communities.There is no scientific evidence for these uses of A.tomentosa,especially those related to the control of pain and inflammation.For this reason,in the present study we evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of partitions from the methanolic extract of A.tomentosa leaves（A.tomentosa leaf methanolic extract（ATFM）in hexane partition：ATFM-H;ATFM in dichloromethane partition：ATFM-D;ATFM in ethyl acetate partition：ATFM-Ac;ATFM in butanol partition：ATFM-B）in mice.METHODS：The antinociceptive effects of leaf extracts from A.tomentosa were evaluated by abdominal writhing and tail-flick tests,while the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by paw oedema and air-pouch tests.The locomotor activity was evaluated with the open-field test.Furthermore,we evaluated the possible action mechanism of A.tomentosa,using naloxone,nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,glibenclamide,atropine,naltrindole and norbinaltorphimine in tail-flick tests.The productions of tumor necrosis factorα（TNF-α）and interleukin（IL）-1βwere also evaluated.RESULTS：The chromatographic fractionation of the partitions of the methanolic extract from the leaves of A.tomentosa revealed the presence of diterpenes,flavonoids,and steroids compounds.From the analysis of the hexane partition kaurenoic acid was identified as the major component.ATFM-H and ATFM-D had a significant antinociceptive effect in acute pain models in mice.The ATFM-H showed central antinociceptive effect from the involvement of theδopioid receptors,without causing alterations in the locomotor activity of the mice,while ATFM-D was effective in decreasing paw oedema and TNF-α and IL-1β production.CONCLUSION：These results demonstrate that leaf extracts from A.tomentosa present antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects that can to be used in relieving algesic and inflammatory conditions.展开更多
The formation of nanoscale water capillary bridges(WCBs) between chemically heterogeneous(patchy) surfaces plays an important role in different scientific and engineering applications, including nanolithography, collo...The formation of nanoscale water capillary bridges(WCBs) between chemically heterogeneous(patchy) surfaces plays an important role in different scientific and engineering applications, including nanolithography, colloidal aggregation, and bioinspired adhesion. However, the properties of WCB of nanoscale dimensions remain unclear. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the geometrical and thermodynamic properties of WCB confined between chemically heterogeneous surfaces composed of circular hydrophilic patches on a hydrophobic background. We find that macroscopic capillary theory provides a good description of the WCB geometry and forces induced by the WCB on the confining surfaces even in the case of surface patches with diameters of only 4 nm. Upon stretching, the WCB contact angle changes from hydrophobic-like values(θ > 90°) to hydrophilic-like values(θ < 90°) until it finally breaks down into two droplets at wall separations of ~9–10 nm. We also show that the studied nanoscale WCB can be used to store relevant amounts of energy EPand explore how the walls patch geometry can be improved in order to maximize EP. Our findings show that nanoscale WCB can, in principle, be exploited for the design of clean energy storage devices as well as actuators that respond to changes in relative humidity. The present results can also be of crucial importance for the understanding of water transport in nanoporous media and nanoscale engineering systems.展开更多
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the major health problems and morbidity causes in contemporary society worldwide. Recently, it has been suggested that the addition of citrate in plasma extraction decrease...Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the major health problems and morbidity causes in contemporary society worldwide. Recently, it has been suggested that the addition of citrate in plasma extraction decreases glucose degradation by endogenous enzymes, which could contribute in an important manner to the diagnosis of DM. However, this strategy has not been sufficiently evaluated. The present study aimed to evaluate glucose determination in serum and in plasma obtained with different anticoagulants. Methods: We obtained 20 venous blood paired samples on consecutive days from the same individual, collected in dry tubes with separator gel and in glass tubes with sodium fluoride and EDTA-K2, either in the presence or absence of sodium citrate. Glucose was determined by an oxidase/peroxidase method using the same system by a unique analyst. Results: Serum determinations were constantly higher than in plasma展开更多
Cashew tree biomass,Anacardium occidentale,represents an underutilized part of the plant and could have great potential for application in several areas,such as bioengineering,food science,and chemical.The stirred bed...Cashew tree biomass,Anacardium occidentale,represents an underutilized part of the plant and could have great potential for application in several areas,such as bioengineering,food science,and chemical.The stirred bed process was optimized to produce extracts from Anacardium occidentale stem bark(SBAo)and leaves(LAo)for bactericide purposes.Variables as alcohol content,stirring speed(SS),particle size(PS),solid-to-solvent ratio(S/S),temperature,and extraction time were evaluated.Subsequently,kinetic,thermodynamic and diffusivity fittings of the data were performed using different nonlinear models(Peleg,2nd order,Elovich,power law,and Fick’s 2nd law)applied to the yield curves.Extracts were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,total phenolic content(TPC),total flavonoid content(TFC),trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity(TEAC),and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry(UHRMS)techniques for qualitative and quantitative determination of the phytochemicals.The optimized operating conditions obtained were ethanol in solvent at 70%,PS<45μm,1200 rpm SS,1/10 S/S ratio,and extraction time of 1 h at 50℃.The 2nd order kinetic model was the one that presented the best fits:SBAo(R^(2)>0.9893 and RMSE<3.4293)and LAo(R^(2)>0.9985 and RMSE<3.1117).Both A.occidentale extracts showed high levels of polyphenols and flavonoids,such as anacardic acid.Finally,the optimized extracts showed antibacterial susceptibility,with larger halos against S.aureus,0.88±0.07 mm(SBAo)and 0.45±0.03 mm(LAo),in relation to E.coli,0.80±0.10 mm(SBAo)and 0.69±0.08 mm(LAo).展开更多
The ability to finely control the structure of protein folds is an important prerequisite to functional protein design. The TIM barrelfold is an important target for these efforts as it is highly enriched for diverse ...The ability to finely control the structure of protein folds is an important prerequisite to functional protein design. The TIM barrelfold is an important target for these efforts as it is highly enriched for diverse functions in nature. Although a TIM barrel proteinhas been designed de novo, the ability to finely alter the curvature of the central beta barrel and the overall architecture of the foldremains elusive, limiting its utility for functional design. Here, we report the de novo design of a TIM barrel with ovoid (twofold)symmetry, drawing inspiration from natural beta and TIM barrels with ovoid curvature. We use an autoregressive backbonesampling strategy to implement our hypothesis for elongated barrel curvature, followed by an iterative enrichment sequencedesign protocol to obtain sequences which yield a high proportion of successfully folding designs. Designed sequences arehighly stable and fold to the designed barrel curvature as determined by a 2.1Å resolution crystal structure. The designs showrobustness to drastic mutations, retaining high melting temperatures even when multiple charged residues are buried in thehydrophobic core or when the hydrophobic core is ablated to alanine. As a scaffold with a greater capacity for hosting diversehydrogen bonding networks and installation of binding pockets or active sites, the ovoid TIM barrel represents a major steptowards the de novo design of functional TIM barrels.展开更多
Several mechanisms to form nanoemulsions are reported in the literature.However,there are still gaps in the relationship between the process variables with physicochemical and bioactive properties.This study applied a...Several mechanisms to form nanoemulsions are reported in the literature.However,there are still gaps in the relationship between the process variables with physicochemical and bioactive properties.This study applied a central composite rotatable design(CCRD)to describe the processing variables of a high-speed homogenizer(rotor/stator)on the physicochemical properties of a thymol nanoemulsion.Droplet sizes of 68.47 nm,0.112 PDI,and-11.00 mV zeta potential could be obtained with improved conditions of 1.0% thymol,4.63%Tween 80,6600 rpm,and 3.13 min rotation.The improved nanoemulsions stored at 4℃ under different conditions(NaCl 0.5%,NaCl 1.0%,pH 4.5,and pH 7.5)showed droplet size stability over 45 days(<200 nm).In addition,the improved thymol nanoemulsions showed better antibacterial activity than non-nanoemulsified thymol for all clinically significant pathogens studied(Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,and Salmonella Enteritidis).The properties of nanodroplets observed in this study highlight the use of high-speed homogenizers as a viable alternative in the development of nanoemulsions.展开更多
The Amazon is rich in fruits that are primarily used by the local population for food purposes.In addition to their nutritional benefits,they are also important for the economic development of the region.In recent yea...The Amazon is rich in fruits that are primarily used by the local population for food purposes.In addition to their nutritional benefits,they are also important for the economic development of the region.In recent years,these fruits have attracted considerable attention from researchers due to their chemical composition,properties,and potential applications.The aim of this study was to analyze the research trends surrounding Amazonian fruits.The documents used in this review include 75 research articles(identified through the Ordinatio index)retrieved from Scopus,and 21 patents retrieved from Google Patents and Espacenet,focusing on the use of Amazonian fruits in food technology.Amazonian fruits have been explored for their content of phenolic compounds(especially anthocyanins),carotenoids,vitamins(mainly ascorbic acid),oils,and fibers,all of which are associated with various bioactivities.In addition to the pulp,the waste generated from these fruits also contains chemical constituents with high potential,although they are usually discarded.Therefore,there is a need for discussion among different industrial and governmental sectors to implement production chains,generate income,and provide appropriate disposal for the by-products generated during the processing of Amazonian fruits,thus contributing to sustainable economic development in the Amazon.However,in general,it is observed that although many interesting results have been published,much of the academic knowledge produced has yet to be converted into income generation,mainly through the patenting of products and processes.This may be linked to a lack of investment and/or interest/awareness from the researchers themselves.展开更多
Theobroma sylvestre Mart.(Malvaceae)is a native species of the Amazon region that remains poorly studied.This paper presents the nutritional profile and chemical characterization of the phenolic fractions obtained fro...Theobroma sylvestre Mart.(Malvaceae)is a native species of the Amazon region that remains poorly studied.This paper presents the nutritional profile and chemical characterization of the phenolic fractions obtained from the fruits of this species.The pulp exhibited physicochemical parameters in accordance with Brazilian regulations for cocoa juice,highlighting its potential for food applications.Analyses by LC-HRMS and 1D/2D NMR enabled the identification of 23 metabolites,including the alkaloids theophylline(7),theobromine(8),theacrine(9),and caffeine(10).In addition,several flavonoids were identified,such as epicatechin(13),guaijaverin(15),quercitrin(16),myricitrin(17),astragalin(19),and kaempferol(20).These fractions demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines(A549 and HCT-8)and endothelial HUVEC cells,with IC_(50) values ranging from 12.63 to 95.66μg/mL.The seed fraction showed the highest antiproliferative activity,particularly against HUVEC cells(GI_(50)=7.55μg/mL).The presence of bioactive compounds in the samples may be associated with the observed antiproliferative effects against the tested cell lines and reinforces the therapeutic potential of the species.This study provides a solid foundation for further chemical and pharmacological investigation of T.sylvestre.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq,No.301273/2018-9),Brazil。
文摘The organosulfur compound sulforaphane(SFN;C6H11NOS2)is a potent cytoprotective agent promoting antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antiglycative,and antimicrobial effects in in vitro and in vivo experimental models.Mitochondria are the major site of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production due to the work of the oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS)system.They are also the main site of reactive oxygen species(ROS)production in nucleated human cells.Mitochondrial impairment is central in several human diseases,including neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders.In this paper,we describe and discuss the effects and mechanisms of action by which SFN modulates mitochondrial function and dynamics in mammalian cells.Mitochondria-related pro-apoptotic effects promoted by SFN in tumor cells are also discussed.SFN may be considered a cytoprotective agent,at least in part,because of the effects this organosulfur agent induces in mitochondria.Nonetheless,there are certain points that should be addressed in further experiments,indicated here as future directions,which may help researchers in this field of research.
文摘Because of the constant challenge to preserve the environment and the search for new materials, a comparative study was carried out using keratin fiber, a fibrous protein, found in the chicken feathers. Five different samples of the feather were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). First in their natural form Keratin Fiber (KF);the second treated with sodium hydroxide (KFNaOH);the third and fourth samples were semi carbonized at 220℃ in an oven without atmospheric control for 24 hours (samples obtained: Clear brown (SCFC) and Dark brown (SCFD));and the fifth sample was carbonized by pyrolysis Carbonized Feathers (CF). The SEM result shows that the KF has a hollow structure, with knots and hooks. The KFNaOH structure presented rougher than that of the KF, but lost their hooks. The SCFC and SCFD presented brittle structures, but preserved the hollow structure of KF;however, it was only noticeable to a magnification of 3000 times. On the other hand, the CF, was shiny, black, and showed a higher amount of porosity with open micro-pores and micro-tubes, preserved the hollow structure of KF than any other samples studied, and also presented well-defined closed micro-tubes. From the XRD analysis of the KF, CF, KFNaOH, SCFC and SCFD, presented semi-crystalline structures, with the following indices of crystallinity, 20.09%, 18.93%, 17.97%, 15.02% and 14.31%, respectively. The CF presented smaller size crystallites, in between the micro- particulates, around 27 nm and the KFNaOH with larger size around 74 nm. From this study it was concluded that micro-porous carbon material from chicken feathers (KF) could be efficiently obtained through pyrolysis.
文摘OBJECTIVE：Annona tomentosa R.E.Fr is a species not endemic to Brazil that belongs to the phytogeographic areas of the Amazon,Cerrado and Pantanal.Popularly known as“araticum rasteiro”or“araticum de moita”,A.tomentosa is edible and tea made from the leaves has been used as an antiinflammatory by native communities.There is no scientific evidence for these uses of A.tomentosa,especially those related to the control of pain and inflammation.For this reason,in the present study we evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of partitions from the methanolic extract of A.tomentosa leaves（A.tomentosa leaf methanolic extract（ATFM）in hexane partition：ATFM-H;ATFM in dichloromethane partition：ATFM-D;ATFM in ethyl acetate partition：ATFM-Ac;ATFM in butanol partition：ATFM-B）in mice.METHODS：The antinociceptive effects of leaf extracts from A.tomentosa were evaluated by abdominal writhing and tail-flick tests,while the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by paw oedema and air-pouch tests.The locomotor activity was evaluated with the open-field test.Furthermore,we evaluated the possible action mechanism of A.tomentosa,using naloxone,nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,glibenclamide,atropine,naltrindole and norbinaltorphimine in tail-flick tests.The productions of tumor necrosis factorα（TNF-α）and interleukin（IL）-1βwere also evaluated.RESULTS：The chromatographic fractionation of the partitions of the methanolic extract from the leaves of A.tomentosa revealed the presence of diterpenes,flavonoids,and steroids compounds.From the analysis of the hexane partition kaurenoic acid was identified as the major component.ATFM-H and ATFM-D had a significant antinociceptive effect in acute pain models in mice.The ATFM-H showed central antinociceptive effect from the involvement of theδopioid receptors,without causing alterations in the locomotor activity of the mice,while ATFM-D was effective in decreasing paw oedema and TNF-α and IL-1β production.CONCLUSION：These results demonstrate that leaf extracts from A.tomentosa present antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects that can to be used in relieving algesic and inflammatory conditions.
基金Project support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11525520 and 11935002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0300901).
文摘The formation of nanoscale water capillary bridges(WCBs) between chemically heterogeneous(patchy) surfaces plays an important role in different scientific and engineering applications, including nanolithography, colloidal aggregation, and bioinspired adhesion. However, the properties of WCB of nanoscale dimensions remain unclear. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the geometrical and thermodynamic properties of WCB confined between chemically heterogeneous surfaces composed of circular hydrophilic patches on a hydrophobic background. We find that macroscopic capillary theory provides a good description of the WCB geometry and forces induced by the WCB on the confining surfaces even in the case of surface patches with diameters of only 4 nm. Upon stretching, the WCB contact angle changes from hydrophobic-like values(θ > 90°) to hydrophilic-like values(θ < 90°) until it finally breaks down into two droplets at wall separations of ~9–10 nm. We also show that the studied nanoscale WCB can be used to store relevant amounts of energy EPand explore how the walls patch geometry can be improved in order to maximize EP. Our findings show that nanoscale WCB can, in principle, be exploited for the design of clean energy storage devices as well as actuators that respond to changes in relative humidity. The present results can also be of crucial importance for the understanding of water transport in nanoporous media and nanoscale engineering systems.
文摘Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the major health problems and morbidity causes in contemporary society worldwide. Recently, it has been suggested that the addition of citrate in plasma extraction decreases glucose degradation by endogenous enzymes, which could contribute in an important manner to the diagnosis of DM. However, this strategy has not been sufficiently evaluated. The present study aimed to evaluate glucose determination in serum and in plasma obtained with different anticoagulants. Methods: We obtained 20 venous blood paired samples on consecutive days from the same individual, collected in dry tubes with separator gel and in glass tubes with sodium fluoride and EDTA-K2, either in the presence or absence of sodium citrate. Glucose was determined by an oxidase/peroxidase method using the same system by a unique analyst. Results: Serum determinations were constantly higher than in plasma
基金the financial support of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)the Central Public Health Laboratory of Sergipe(LACEN-SE)+3 种基金the Center of Multiuser Chemistry Laboratories(CLQM)the Petroleum and Energy from Biomass Laboratory(PEB)the Sergipe Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory(LABORGANICS)the Laboratory of Industrial Biochemistry(LBI)of the Federal University of Sergipe.
文摘Cashew tree biomass,Anacardium occidentale,represents an underutilized part of the plant and could have great potential for application in several areas,such as bioengineering,food science,and chemical.The stirred bed process was optimized to produce extracts from Anacardium occidentale stem bark(SBAo)and leaves(LAo)for bactericide purposes.Variables as alcohol content,stirring speed(SS),particle size(PS),solid-to-solvent ratio(S/S),temperature,and extraction time were evaluated.Subsequently,kinetic,thermodynamic and diffusivity fittings of the data were performed using different nonlinear models(Peleg,2nd order,Elovich,power law,and Fick’s 2nd law)applied to the yield curves.Extracts were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,total phenolic content(TPC),total flavonoid content(TFC),trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity(TEAC),and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry(UHRMS)techniques for qualitative and quantitative determination of the phytochemicals.The optimized operating conditions obtained were ethanol in solvent at 70%,PS<45μm,1200 rpm SS,1/10 S/S ratio,and extraction time of 1 h at 50℃.The 2nd order kinetic model was the one that presented the best fits:SBAo(R^(2)>0.9893 and RMSE<3.4293)and LAo(R^(2)>0.9985 and RMSE<3.1117).Both A.occidentale extracts showed high levels of polyphenols and flavonoids,such as anacardic acid.Finally,the optimized extracts showed antibacterial susceptibility,with larger halos against S.aureus,0.88±0.07 mm(SBAo)and 0.45±0.03 mm(LAo),in relation to E.coli,0.80±0.10 mm(SBAo)and 0.69±0.08 mm(LAo).
基金the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No.DE-AC02-76SF00515The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research and by the National Institutes of Health,National Institute of General Medical Sciences(including P41GM103393).A.E.C.is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.
文摘The ability to finely control the structure of protein folds is an important prerequisite to functional protein design. The TIM barrelfold is an important target for these efforts as it is highly enriched for diverse functions in nature. Although a TIM barrel proteinhas been designed de novo, the ability to finely alter the curvature of the central beta barrel and the overall architecture of the foldremains elusive, limiting its utility for functional design. Here, we report the de novo design of a TIM barrel with ovoid (twofold)symmetry, drawing inspiration from natural beta and TIM barrels with ovoid curvature. We use an autoregressive backbonesampling strategy to implement our hypothesis for elongated barrel curvature, followed by an iterative enrichment sequencedesign protocol to obtain sequences which yield a high proportion of successfully folding designs. Designed sequences arehighly stable and fold to the designed barrel curvature as determined by a 2.1Å resolution crystal structure. The designs showrobustness to drastic mutations, retaining high melting temperatures even when multiple charged residues are buried in thehydrophobic core or when the hydrophobic core is ablated to alanine. As a scaffold with a greater capacity for hosting diversehydrogen bonding networks and installation of binding pockets or active sites, the ovoid TIM barrel represents a major steptowards the de novo design of functional TIM barrels.
基金the financial support of Fundacao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,Brazil-grant number[E-26/010.000.984/2019,E-26/200.358/2021,E-26/201.813/2022,and E-26/201.534/2022]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico,Brazil-grant number[313119/2020-1 and 140873/2021-0]Fundacao de Amparoà Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espírito Santo,Brazil grant number[533/2020].
文摘Several mechanisms to form nanoemulsions are reported in the literature.However,there are still gaps in the relationship between the process variables with physicochemical and bioactive properties.This study applied a central composite rotatable design(CCRD)to describe the processing variables of a high-speed homogenizer(rotor/stator)on the physicochemical properties of a thymol nanoemulsion.Droplet sizes of 68.47 nm,0.112 PDI,and-11.00 mV zeta potential could be obtained with improved conditions of 1.0% thymol,4.63%Tween 80,6600 rpm,and 3.13 min rotation.The improved nanoemulsions stored at 4℃ under different conditions(NaCl 0.5%,NaCl 1.0%,pH 4.5,and pH 7.5)showed droplet size stability over 45 days(<200 nm).In addition,the improved thymol nanoemulsions showed better antibacterial activity than non-nanoemulsified thymol for all clinically significant pathogens studied(Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,and Salmonella Enteritidis).The properties of nanodroplets observed in this study highlight the use of high-speed homogenizers as a viable alternative in the development of nanoemulsions.
基金Fundacao de Amparoa Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas-FAPEAM(PDCA/AM/FAPEAM,process number 01.02.016301.01414/2023-94EDITAL N.013/2022-PRODUTIVI-DADE-CT&I)+1 种基金Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tec-nológico-CNPq(Process number 311522/2020-3)Laboratory of NECTAM and Analytical Center of IFAM-CMC for the fellowships and infrastructure.
文摘The Amazon is rich in fruits that are primarily used by the local population for food purposes.In addition to their nutritional benefits,they are also important for the economic development of the region.In recent years,these fruits have attracted considerable attention from researchers due to their chemical composition,properties,and potential applications.The aim of this study was to analyze the research trends surrounding Amazonian fruits.The documents used in this review include 75 research articles(identified through the Ordinatio index)retrieved from Scopus,and 21 patents retrieved from Google Patents and Espacenet,focusing on the use of Amazonian fruits in food technology.Amazonian fruits have been explored for their content of phenolic compounds(especially anthocyanins),carotenoids,vitamins(mainly ascorbic acid),oils,and fibers,all of which are associated with various bioactivities.In addition to the pulp,the waste generated from these fruits also contains chemical constituents with high potential,although they are usually discarded.Therefore,there is a need for discussion among different industrial and governmental sectors to implement production chains,generate income,and provide appropriate disposal for the by-products generated during the processing of Amazonian fruits,thus contributing to sustainable economic development in the Amazon.However,in general,it is observed that although many interesting results have been published,much of the academic knowledge produced has yet to be converted into income generation,mainly through the patenting of products and processes.This may be linked to a lack of investment and/or interest/awareness from the researchers themselves.
基金FAPEAM(Fundaçāo de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas,grant number 01.02.016301.01140/2023-33 CHAMADA PÚBLICA N.003/2022-JOVENS DOUTORES,Edital n.013/2022-Produtividade em CT&I,Analytical Center IFAM-CMC,Post-graduate Program in Chemistry at the Federal University of Amazonas(PPGQ-UFAM)Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory(NMRLab)of the Analytical Center of UFAM for the financial support,fellowships,and infrastructure+1 种基金the support from CNPq(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico)FAPEMIG(Fundaçāo de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais).
文摘Theobroma sylvestre Mart.(Malvaceae)is a native species of the Amazon region that remains poorly studied.This paper presents the nutritional profile and chemical characterization of the phenolic fractions obtained from the fruits of this species.The pulp exhibited physicochemical parameters in accordance with Brazilian regulations for cocoa juice,highlighting its potential for food applications.Analyses by LC-HRMS and 1D/2D NMR enabled the identification of 23 metabolites,including the alkaloids theophylline(7),theobromine(8),theacrine(9),and caffeine(10).In addition,several flavonoids were identified,such as epicatechin(13),guaijaverin(15),quercitrin(16),myricitrin(17),astragalin(19),and kaempferol(20).These fractions demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines(A549 and HCT-8)and endothelial HUVEC cells,with IC_(50) values ranging from 12.63 to 95.66μg/mL.The seed fraction showed the highest antiproliferative activity,particularly against HUVEC cells(GI_(50)=7.55μg/mL).The presence of bioactive compounds in the samples may be associated with the observed antiproliferative effects against the tested cell lines and reinforces the therapeutic potential of the species.This study provides a solid foundation for further chemical and pharmacological investigation of T.sylvestre.
