This study shows a technical,bioclimatic,and sustainable analysis of the first demountable house built entirely from glass components,Vitrohouse.The technical analysis details the construction challenges overcome to c...This study shows a technical,bioclimatic,and sustainable analysis of the first demountable house built entirely from glass components,Vitrohouse.The technical analysis details the construction challenges overcome to create a demountable house using only flat glass for all components(foundations,slabs,supporting structure,beams,roof,envelope,furnishings,kitchen fixtures,appliances).Secondly,we analyze the thermal and bioclimatic behavior of this demountable all-glass house to evaluate its energy efficiency.We also assess the contribution of Vitrohouse’s bioclimatic design to its sustainability level,using 11 of the most internationally recognized GBRSs(Green Building Rating Systems),demonstrating that it achieves a higher degree of sustainability than a conventional,non-bioclimatic home of the same size.Thirdly,we analyze the contribution of Vitrohouse’s demountable nature,showing that it has a higher level of sustainability than a conventionally built house.Finally,the sustainable analysis of its demountability is quantified using 11 GBRSs.The results show that it is perfectly feasible to construct buildings solely from flat glass,achieving high energy efficiency and sustainability.Furthermore,the glass components can be easily disassembled and reused,or recycled to manufacture new components with minimal energy consumption.展开更多
This study quantifies for the first time the contribution of high-weight demountable construction to the sustainable level of a building using 11 of the most representative and internationally used GBRSs(Green Buildin...This study quantifies for the first time the contribution of high-weight demountable construction to the sustainable level of a building using 11 of the most representative and internationally used GBRSs(Green Building Rating Systems).The scores of a prefabricated,high-weight demountable building(Sayab)were compared with those of a non-demountable building(a baseline),in both cases using 11 of the most important GBRSs.All GBRSs have found that high-weight demountable construction provides a higher level of sustainability.However,the resulting scores varied widely(from an increase of 1.4%to an increase of 22.72%),and only three GBRSs clearly valued its obvious sustainable advantages(CEDES:22.72%,DNGB:14.79%,SBTools:12.4%)while the rest valued it very little,and four of them barely valued it.The results of this case study are generalizable,since the different existing GBRSs do not have the capacity to detect small changes in high-weight demountable construction systems.However similar studies should be carried out to confirm the results obtained and accurately quantify the contribution of demountable construction to the sustainable level of buildings.展开更多
The National Security Strategy of the U.S.is an important document for understanding U.S.national security policy.This article uses Antconc software to analyze high-frequency word usage patterns in six U.S.National Se...The National Security Strategy of the U.S.is an important document for understanding U.S.national security policy.This article uses Antconc software to analyze high-frequency word usage patterns in six U.S.National Security Strategy documents from 1990 to 2010.From the micro level of language use,we try to interpret the 2010 U.S.National Security Strategy and explore Washington's strategic motives.展开更多
In recent decades, the control of floods is an efficient management practice for the rehabilitation of rangelands in most arid and semiarid areas. To evaluate the benefits, we used the Landscape Function Analysis （LF...In recent decades, the control of floods is an efficient management practice for the rehabilitation of rangelands in most arid and semiarid areas. To evaluate the benefits, we used the Landscape Function Analysis （LFA） method to assess the function of patches and qualitative capability of a rangeland ecosystem in Gareh By- gone region, Fars province, southwestern Iran. Landscape functionality depends on soil, water and nutrient （col- lectively called ＂resources＂） conservation and use within a given ecosystem. Many landscapes are naturally het- erogeneous in terms of resource control and possess patches, where resources tend to accumulate, and in- ter-patches. Assessing rangeland health and function of landscape patches in response to environment and man- agement can give rise to correct management decisions for qualitative improvement of the ecosystem. Therefore, our study area was divided into two parts, i.e. water spreading and control parts, and sampling was done using LFA method in each part separately. Structural parameters, including the number, length and width of patches, and the mean length of inter-patches, were determined by the method to characterize the functional status of the monitoring sites. For each patch/inter-patch type identified in the transect organization log, we recorded its soil surface proper- ties classified according to the Soil Surface Assessment Method. The density, canopy cover and composition of plants were then assessed. The results showed that the number of ecological patches and their dimensions were significantly increased in the water spreading site. Soil stability and the values of nutrient cycling indices were in- creased but the infiltration values were decreased in the water spreading site. It could be related to the effect of suspended materials transported by floods to the soils in the study area. The improvement of ecological patches and rangeland ecosystem was achieved where water spreading systems were practiced. Therefore it can be con- cluded that water spreading as a management plan plays an important role in arid land ecosystem functionality.展开更多
文摘This study shows a technical,bioclimatic,and sustainable analysis of the first demountable house built entirely from glass components,Vitrohouse.The technical analysis details the construction challenges overcome to create a demountable house using only flat glass for all components(foundations,slabs,supporting structure,beams,roof,envelope,furnishings,kitchen fixtures,appliances).Secondly,we analyze the thermal and bioclimatic behavior of this demountable all-glass house to evaluate its energy efficiency.We also assess the contribution of Vitrohouse’s bioclimatic design to its sustainability level,using 11 of the most internationally recognized GBRSs(Green Building Rating Systems),demonstrating that it achieves a higher degree of sustainability than a conventional,non-bioclimatic home of the same size.Thirdly,we analyze the contribution of Vitrohouse’s demountable nature,showing that it has a higher level of sustainability than a conventionally built house.Finally,the sustainable analysis of its demountability is quantified using 11 GBRSs.The results show that it is perfectly feasible to construct buildings solely from flat glass,achieving high energy efficiency and sustainability.Furthermore,the glass components can be easily disassembled and reused,or recycled to manufacture new components with minimal energy consumption.
文摘This study quantifies for the first time the contribution of high-weight demountable construction to the sustainable level of a building using 11 of the most representative and internationally used GBRSs(Green Building Rating Systems).The scores of a prefabricated,high-weight demountable building(Sayab)were compared with those of a non-demountable building(a baseline),in both cases using 11 of the most important GBRSs.All GBRSs have found that high-weight demountable construction provides a higher level of sustainability.However,the resulting scores varied widely(from an increase of 1.4%to an increase of 22.72%),and only three GBRSs clearly valued its obvious sustainable advantages(CEDES:22.72%,DNGB:14.79%,SBTools:12.4%)while the rest valued it very little,and four of them barely valued it.The results of this case study are generalizable,since the different existing GBRSs do not have the capacity to detect small changes in high-weight demountable construction systems.However similar studies should be carried out to confirm the results obtained and accurately quantify the contribution of demountable construction to the sustainable level of buildings.
文摘The National Security Strategy of the U.S.is an important document for understanding U.S.national security policy.This article uses Antconc software to analyze high-frequency word usage patterns in six U.S.National Security Strategy documents from 1990 to 2010.From the micro level of language use,we try to interpret the 2010 U.S.National Security Strategy and explore Washington's strategic motives.
文摘In recent decades, the control of floods is an efficient management practice for the rehabilitation of rangelands in most arid and semiarid areas. To evaluate the benefits, we used the Landscape Function Analysis （LFA） method to assess the function of patches and qualitative capability of a rangeland ecosystem in Gareh By- gone region, Fars province, southwestern Iran. Landscape functionality depends on soil, water and nutrient （col- lectively called ＂resources＂） conservation and use within a given ecosystem. Many landscapes are naturally het- erogeneous in terms of resource control and possess patches, where resources tend to accumulate, and in- ter-patches. Assessing rangeland health and function of landscape patches in response to environment and man- agement can give rise to correct management decisions for qualitative improvement of the ecosystem. Therefore, our study area was divided into two parts, i.e. water spreading and control parts, and sampling was done using LFA method in each part separately. Structural parameters, including the number, length and width of patches, and the mean length of inter-patches, were determined by the method to characterize the functional status of the monitoring sites. For each patch/inter-patch type identified in the transect organization log, we recorded its soil surface proper- ties classified according to the Soil Surface Assessment Method. The density, canopy cover and composition of plants were then assessed. The results showed that the number of ecological patches and their dimensions were significantly increased in the water spreading site. Soil stability and the values of nutrient cycling indices were in- creased but the infiltration values were decreased in the water spreading site. It could be related to the effect of suspended materials transported by floods to the soils in the study area. The improvement of ecological patches and rangeland ecosystem was achieved where water spreading systems were practiced. Therefore it can be con- cluded that water spreading as a management plan plays an important role in arid land ecosystem functionality.
