Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex,brainstem,and spinal cord.While the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves ...Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex,brainstem,and spinal cord.While the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves both upper and lower motor neurons,human and animal studies over the years have highlighted the potential spread to other motor and non-motor regions,expanding the phenotype of ALS.Although superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)mutations represent a minority of ALS cases,the SOD1 gene remains a milestone in ALS research as it represents the first genetic target for personalized therapies.Despite numerous single case reports or case series exhibiting extramotor symptoms in patients with ALS mutations in SOD1(SOD1-ALS),no studies have comprehensively explored the full spectrum of extramotor neurological manifestations in this subpopulation.In this narrative review,we analyze and discuss the available literature on extrapyramidal and non-motor features during SOD1-ALS.The multifaceted expression of SOD1 could deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms,pointing towards a multidisciplinary approach for affected patients in light of new therapeutic strategies for SOD1-ALS.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer carries a poor prognosis with low 5-year survival rates and limited early detection options.The skeletal muscle index at the L3 vertebral level is a well-established prognostic marker in e...BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer carries a poor prognosis with low 5-year survival rates and limited early detection options.The skeletal muscle index at the L3 vertebral level is a well-established prognostic marker in esophageal cancer,but most follow-up computed tomography(CT)scans do not extend to L3 and limiting its utility.Radiomics has emerged as a powerful tool for extracting prognostic information from medical images.AIM To evaluate the influential features for esophageal cancer prognosis by integrating radiomic and body compositionbased indices of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue at the T12 level from both pretreatment and follow-up CT images,in order to assess their value in predicting overall survival(OS).METHODS This retrospective study included 212 esophageal cancer patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy,with both pretreatment and follow-up chest CT scans available.Body organ analysis(BOA)and radiomic features were extracted from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue at the T12 level using automated tools.Four feature subsets(no-radiomics,pretreatment only,follow-up only,and combined inputs)were developed using logistic regression(LR)with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator for feature selection,followed by Cox regression.Prognostic models-including nomogram,support vector classifier,LR,and extra trees classifier-were constructed to predict 1-,2-,and 3-year OS.RESULTS The model integrating both BOA and radiomics from pretreatment and follow-up CT,combined with clinical data,achieved the best performance for 2-year OS prediction,with an area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91,sensitivity of 0.81,and specificity of 0.88 using the LR model.The most predictive features included both clinical variables,body composition indices,and radiomic features,particularly from follow-up VAT.Follow-up imaging contributed significantly to model performance,reinforcing its value in treatment response evaluation.CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that BOA indices and their corresponding radiomics at the T12-level from both pretreatment and follow-up CT scans-combined with clinical data-can provide accurate prognostic information for esophageal cancer.This approach offers a practical alternative when L3-level imaging is unavailable and supports the clinical integration of automated T12-based imaging biomarkers.The integration of these imaging features with clinical parameters enhances the prediction of survival outcomes and contributes to non-invasive,personalized treatment planning.展开更多
Cytotoxicity of selected metal oxide nanoparticles（MNPs）（ZnO,CuO,Co 3 O 4 and TiO 2）was investigated in Escherichia coli both under light and dark conditions.Cytotoxicity experiments were conducted with spread pla...Cytotoxicity of selected metal oxide nanoparticles（MNPs）（ZnO,CuO,Co 3 O 4 and TiO 2）was investigated in Escherichia coli both under light and dark conditions.Cytotoxicity experiments were conducted with spread plate counting and the LC 50 values were calculated.We determined the mechanism of toxicity via measurements of oxidative stress,reduced glutathione,lipid peroxidation,and metal ions.The overall ranking of the LC 50 values was in the order of ZnO 〈 CuO 〈 Co 3 O 4 〈 TiO 2 under dark condition and ZnO 〈 CuO 〈 TiO 2 〈 Co 3 O 4 under light condition.ZnO MNPs were the most toxic among the tested nanoparticles.Our results indicate depletion of reduced glutathione level and elevation of malondialdehyde level correlated with the increase in oxidative stress.Released metal ions were found to have partial effect on the toxicity of MNPs to E.coli.In summary,the dynamic interactions of multiple mechanisms lead to the toxicity of the tested MNPs to E.coli.展开更多
In the present work,dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)was used to extract six synthetic cannabinoids(JWH-018,JWH-019,JWH-073,JWH-200,or WIN 55,225,JWH-250,and AM-694)from oral fluids.A rapid baseline sepa...In the present work,dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)was used to extract six synthetic cannabinoids(JWH-018,JWH-019,JWH-073,JWH-200,or WIN 55,225,JWH-250,and AM-694)from oral fluids.A rapid baseline separation of the analytes was achieved on a bidentate octadecyl silica hydride phase(Cogent Bidentate C18;4.6 mm×250 mm,4μm)maintained at 37℃,by eluting in isocratic conditions(water:acetonitrile(25:75,V/V)).Detection was performed using positive electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.The parameters affecting DLLME(pH and ionic strength of the aqueous phase,type and volume of the extractant and dispersive solvent,vortex and centrifugation time)were optimized for maximizing yields.In particular,using 0.5 mL of oral fluid,acetonitrile(1 mL),was identified as the best option,both as a solvent to precipitate proteins and as a dispersing solvent in the DLLME procedure.To select an extraction solvent,a low transition temperature mixture(LTTM;composed of sesamol and chlorine chloride with a molar ratio of 1:3)and dichloromethane were compared;the latter(100μL)was proved to be a better extractant,with recoveries ranging from 73%to 101%by vortexing for 2 min.The method was validated according to the guidelines of Food and Drug Administration bioanalytical methods:intra-day and inter-day precisions ranged between 4%and 18%depending on the spike level and analyte;limits of detection spanned from 2 to 18 ng/mL;matrixmatched calibration curves were characterized by determination coefficients greater than 0.9914.Finally,the extraction procedure was compared with previous methods and with innovative techniques,presenting superior reliability,rapidity,simplicity,inexpensiveness,and efficiency.展开更多
Objective: Observing the expression changes of serum proteome in model rats after intervention of the Granules of Eliminating Phlegm and Removing Blood Stasis (豁痰祛瘀颗粒 also known as GEPRB), screening out and iden...Objective: Observing the expression changes of serum proteome in model rats after intervention of the Granules of Eliminating Phlegm and Removing Blood Stasis (豁痰祛瘀颗粒 also known as GEPRB), screening out and identifying the differentially expressed proteins by mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis, discussing the molecular mechanism of control the Diabetes deafness by GEPRB. Methods: By use of proteomics technology, the serum protein serum proteome of the control group, model control group, Duxil and each observation group were observed for 2-DE gel pattern matching, and the difference in the relative content of 2 times was chosen for the differentially expressed proteins. Identification of differentially expressed proteins by MALDI-TOF MS/MS, the authors further analysis the phosphorylation, subcellular localization, interaction, direct regulation, and transmembrane of the differences proteins by the way of bioinformatics analysis. Sixty SPF level SD rats elected in diabetic rats model group (abbreviated as DM group) were be randomly divided into 5 groups based on random number sheet, namely model control group, positive drug control group (Du-ke-xi group) and Mai-tong-fang high, medium and low dose group respectively. In addition, set of normal control group. 10 rats in each group. Results: By Coomassie brilliant blue staining, identified 51 differential protein spots dug from 2-D gel by mass spectrometry, successfully identified 13 non-redundant proteins. Most of the identified proteins were secreted protein and belong to different protein families. There were about 12 proteins have the transmembrane region from the authors’ result, ten of them were plasma membrane proteins. Conclusion: It’s suggesting that 13 differential proteins is most likely the protein response to GEPRB in vivo, these proteins may play key role for the treatment of GEPRB to Diabetes deafness. The two highly differentially expressed proteins Apolipoprotein E (apoE) and C3 may be a potential drug target of GEPRB.展开更多
Upstream signals potentially regulating evaporation and stomatal conductance wereinvestigated using 6-8-leaf-old maize (Zea may L.) seedlings which were grown in agreenhouse. Pressure chamber was used to measure leaf ...Upstream signals potentially regulating evaporation and stomatal conductance wereinvestigated using 6-8-leaf-old maize (Zea may L.) seedlings which were grown in agreenhouse. Pressure chamber was used to measure leaf water potential and to collectxylem sap. The pH of xylem sap in stems was higher than that in root, and the abscisicacid (ABA) concentration in stems was the highest in well-watered seedlings. The ABAconcentration and pH of xylem sap in roots, stems and leaves increased, and the ABAconcentration in leaves reached the maximum during drought stress. The treatment ofroots with exogenous ABA solution (100molL-1) increased xylem sap ABA concentration inall organs measured, and induced stomatal closure, but did not change ABA distributionamong organs of maize seedlings. The combined effects of external pH buffer on pH, ABAof xylem sap and stomatal behavior indicated that pH, as a root-source signal to leavesunder drought stress, regulated stomatal closure through accumulating ABA in leaves orguard cells.展开更多
In this study,the cytotoxicity of two different crystal phases of TiO2 nanoparticles,with surface modification by humic acid（HA）,to Escherichia coli,was assessed.The physicochemical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles ...In this study,the cytotoxicity of two different crystal phases of TiO2 nanoparticles,with surface modification by humic acid（HA）,to Escherichia coli,was assessed.The physicochemical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized.Three different initial concentrations,namely 50,100,and 200 ppm,of HA were used for synthesis of HA coated TiO2 nanoparticles（denoted as A/RHA50,A/RHA100,and A/RHA200,respectively）.Results indicate that rutile（LC50（concentration that causes 50%mortality compared the control group）=6.5）was more toxic than anatase（LC50=278.8）under simulated sunlight（SSL）irradiation,possibly due to an extremely narrow band gap.It is noted that HA coating increased the toxicity of anatase,but decreased that of rutile.Additionally,AHA50 and RHA50had the biggest differences compared to uncoated anatase and rutile with LC50of 201.9 and21.6,respectively.We then investigated the formation of reactive oxygen species（ROS）by TiO2 nanoparticles in terms of hydroxyl radicals（OH）and superoxide anions（O2^-）.Data suggested that O2^- was the main ROS that accounted for the higher toxicity of rutile upon SSL irradiation.We also observed that HA coating decreased the generation of OH and O2^- on rutile,but increased O2^- formation on anatase.Results from TEM analysis also indicated that HA coated rutile tended to be attached to the surface of E.coli more than anatase.展开更多
Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron, SG iron in short, refers to the cast iron in which graphite precipitates as spheroidal shape during solidification of liquid iron. The graphite in common commercial cast iron can only be...Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron, SG iron in short, refers to the cast iron in which graphite precipitates as spheroidal shape during solidification of liquid iron. The graphite in common commercial cast iron can only be changed from flake to spheroidal shape by spheroidising treatment. Since spheroidal graphite reduces the cutting effect of stress concentration, the metal matrix strength of SG iron can be applied around 70% - 90%, thus the mechanical property of SG iron is significantly superior to other cast irons; even the tensile strength of SG iron is higher than that carbon steel.展开更多
Recent studies have shown the potential of artificially synthesized conduits in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Natural biopolymers have received much attention because of their biocompatibility. To investigate...Recent studies have shown the potential of artificially synthesized conduits in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Natural biopolymers have received much attention because of their biocompatibility. To investigate the effects of novel electrospun absorbable poly(ε-caprolactone)/type Ⅰ collagen nanofiber conduits(biopolymer nanofiber conduits) on the repair of peripheral nerve injury, we bridged 10-mm-long sciatic nerve defects with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits, poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone conduits in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rat neurologica1 function was weekly evaluated using sciatic function index within8 weeks after repair. Eight weeks after repair, sciatic nerve myelin sheaths and axon morphology were observed by osmium tetroxide staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and transmission electron microscopy.S-100(Schwann cell marker) and CD4(inflammatory marker) immunoreactivities in sciatic nerve were detected by immunohistochemistry. In rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits, no serious inflammatory reactions were observed in rat hind limbs, the morphology of myelin sheaths in the injured sciatic nerve was close to normal. CD4 immunoreactivity was obviously weaker in rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits than in those subjected to repair with poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone. Rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits tended to have greater sciatic nerve function recovery than those receiving poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone repair. These results suggest that electrospun absorbable poly(ε-caprolactone)/type Ⅰ collagen nanofiber conduits have the potential of repairing sciatic nerve defects and exhibit good biocompatibility. All experimental procedures were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taiwan, China(La-1031218) on October 2, 2014.展开更多
Note: This book consists of five sections: Chapter 1 Introduction, Chapter 2 Grey Iron, Chapter 3 Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron, Chapter 4 Vermicular Cast Iron, and Chapter 5 White Cast Iron. CHINA FOUNDRY publishes t...Note: This book consists of five sections: Chapter 1 Introduction, Chapter 2 Grey Iron, Chapter 3 Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron, Chapter 4 Vermicular Cast Iron, and Chapter 5 White Cast Iron. CHINA FOUNDRY publishes this book in several parts serially, starting from the first issue of 2009.展开更多
Understanding the contribution of endothelial cells to the progenitor pools of adult tissues has the potential to inform therapies for human disease.To address whether endothelial cells transdifferentiate into non-vas...Understanding the contribution of endothelial cells to the progenitor pools of adult tissues has the potential to inform therapies for human disease.To address whether endothelial cells transdifferentiate into non-vascular cell types,we performed cell lineage tracing analysis using transgenic mice engineered to express a fluorescent marker following activation by tamoxifen in vascular endothelial cadherin promoter-expressing cells(VEcad-CreERT2;B6 Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm9(CAG-tdTomato)Hze).Activation of target-cell labeling following 1.5 months of ad libitum feeding with tamoxifen-laden chow in 4–5 month-old mice resulted in the tracing of central nervous system and peripheral cells that include:cerebellar granule neurons,ependymal cells,skeletal myocytes,pancreatic beta cells,pancreatic acinar cells,tubular cells in the renal cortex,duodenal crypt cells,ileal crypt cells,and hair follicle stem cells.As Nestin expression has been reported in a subset of endothelial cells,Nes-CreERT2 mice were also utilized in these conditions.The tracing of cells in adult Nes-CreERT2 mice revealed the labeling of canonical progeny cell types such as hippocampal and olfactory granule neurons as well as ependymal cells.Interestingly,Nestin tracing also labeled skeletal myocytes,ileal crypt cells,and sparsely marked cerebellar granule neurons.Our findings provide support for endothelial cells as active contributors to adult tissue progenitor pools.This information could be of particular significance for the intravenous delivery of therapeutics to downstream endothelial-derived cellular targets.The animal experiments were approved by the Boise State University Institute Animal Care and Use Committee(approval No.006-AC15-018)on October 31,2018.展开更多
We propose a novel optical method for glucose measurement based on difuse photon-pair density wave(DPPDW)in a multiple scattering medium(MSM)where the light scattering of photon-pair is induced by refractive index mis...We propose a novel optical method for glucose measurement based on difuse photon-pair density wave(DPPDW)in a multiple scattering medium(MSM)where the light scattering of photon-pair is induced by refractive index mismatch between scatters and phantom solution.Experi-mentally,the DPPDW propagates in MSM via a two frequency laser(TFL)beam wherein highly correlated pairs of linear polarized photons are generated.The reduced scattering coefficientμ2s and absorption coefficientμ2a of DPPDW are measured simultaneously in terms of the amplitude and phase measurements of the detected heterodyne signal under arrangement at different dis-tances between the source and detection fibers in MSM.The results show that the sensitivity of glucose detection via glucose-induced change of reduced scattering coefficient(δμ′2)is 0.049%mM^(-1)in a 1%intralipid solution.In addition,the linear range ofδμ′2s vs glucose concentration implies that this DPPDW method can be used to monitor glucose concentration continuously and noninvasively subcutaneously.展开更多
Mitigation and adaptation have become two main strategies that governments around the world are focusing on in response to the threat of global climate change. In August 2009, Typhoon Morakot heavily damaged the centr...Mitigation and adaptation have become two main strategies that governments around the world are focusing on in response to the threat of global climate change. In August 2009, Typhoon Morakot heavily damaged the central and southern parts of Taiwan, causing irreversible damage to the environment, especially in the mountain areas. In this study, the goal is to attain sustainable reservoir management, thus comprehensive storm water management is used to develop mitigation strategies. Overlay-map methods of GIS, along with vulnerability analysis and land use sustainability analysis, are used to map out optimal land use patterns containing development potentials, growth limits, and suitability concerns that aim to reduce the impact of human development on the ecological environment. Finally, the mitigation strategies proposed by this study for the land use of Zengwen Reservoir and its catchment will be implement shortly.展开更多
Object With the broad application of endovascular aneurysm coiling on grade IV and V patients, the specific angiographic findings of grave prognosis could be detected. This unique finding will be considered as an indi...Object With the broad application of endovascular aneurysm coiling on grade IV and V patients, the specific angiographic findings of grave prognosis could be detected. This unique finding will be considered as an indicator which would be the urgent treatment option between aggressive ICP control including EVD/decompressive craniectomy and continuing coiling. Methods Very interesting angiographic finding could be found in 7 cases of grave IV & V SAH patients and 3 cases of procedural rupture cases. Especially in the procedural rupture cases, these abnormal collaterals could be disappeared easily with the aggressive medical ICP control as early this finding was detected as possible. Conclusions The author names it “misery collaterals” and it has been defined as whole intracranial large vessels are seen on one vessel angiography.It has been caused by severe brain edema and pressurized contrast injection which has changed the flow hemodynamics through A-com & P-com aretries. When we faced this finding during the aneurysm coiling, urgent ICP control with or without surgical method should be initiated. Regardless of massive ICP control, there is no hemodynamic recover and still this finding remains, almost all patients will show grave course.展开更多
Philosophy of science has arisen as alternative to epistemology, because scientific development wanted another kind of explanation than traditional epistemological one. The latter kind of explanation is theoretically ...Philosophy of science has arisen as alternative to epistemology, because scientific development wanted another kind of explanation than traditional epistemological one. The latter kind of explanation is theoretically loaded and based on latent ontological assumptions. Epistemology offers science a ＂road map＂ for researcher＇s thinking. Thus epistemology knows what science should be, and philosophy of science take science for granted--existing as an empirical fact. Philosophy of science had always been a reflective and critical discipline that didn＇t want any a-priory knowledge. The main distinction between these fields of knowledge is as follows： epistemology is theoretical and projective kind of knowledge whereas philosophy of science is a non-theoretical, or better, a ＂post-theoretical＂ discipline. All facts and statements arising from philosophy of science lie within the heterogeneous space, where there is continuous transit of pre-theoretical, theoretical and post-theoretical versions of knowledge. The inevitability of conservation and utilization of human thought products is recognized, which is supplemented by the need to study the impact of theoretical thinking upon social practices.展开更多
In Critique of Pure Reason （1996）, Immanuel Kant says that the term ＂aesthetic＂ means ＂the science of the laws of sensibility＂ and suggests giving up usage of it to indicate ＂the critique of taste＂ which execu...In Critique of Pure Reason （1996）, Immanuel Kant says that the term ＂aesthetic＂ means ＂the science of the laws of sensibility＂ and suggests giving up usage of it to indicate ＂the critique of taste＂ which executes the criticism of the beautiful. It is well known that Gilles Deleuze was inspired by all genres of the arts, namely movies, paintings, music, and so on. However, this paper argues that what is more essential for Deleuzian philosophy is aesthetics as a science of sensibility. What motivated Deleuze, especially from the 1950s to the 1960s, seems to have consisted in discovering the weaknesses of the Kantian aesthetic in order to take it apart. In fact, one of the main themes in Difference and Repetition （1994） was to free ＂sensibility＂ itself from Kant＇s philosophical system. This theme subsisted in his writing even after the 1970s, and led him to develop a ＂natural philosophy＂ of sorts. This is because the supposition that ＂the sensibility itself＂ is independent from any human faculties gave him an opportunity to carefully consider the multiplicity and productivity of Nature itself. Finally, Deleuze created his own ＂ethology＂ that would capture the increasingly interrelated movements within Nature produced by heterogeneous elements. This paper describes the process of Deleuzian thought as outlined above, surveying his view of Kantian philosophy and the development of his natural philosophy as ＂the aesthetics of Nature.＂展开更多
There appear to be three principle forces driving the future of new drug development:under-standing the genome-transcrip-tome-proteme correlations, under-standing and mapping protein posttrans-lational modification (P...There appear to be three principle forces driving the future of new drug development:under-standing the genome-transcrip-tome-proteme correlations, under-standing and mapping protein posttrans-lational modification (PTM) pathways,and integration of mass spectrometry (MS) techniques into routine protein identification and characterization.展开更多
Far infrared(FIR)radiation(3-100µm)is an electromagnetic spectrum commonly studied for biological effects.This article aims to discuss using Far infrared radiation with sub-division(4-24µm)of this waveband t...Far infrared(FIR)radiation(3-100µm)is an electromagnetic spectrum commonly studied for biological effects.This article aims to discuss using Far infrared radiation with sub-division(4-24µm)of this waveband to stimulate tissues and cells and is considered an effective therapeutic modality for specific medical disorders.The IR application as a medical therapy has advanced rapidly in recent years.For example,IR therapy like IR-emitting apparel and materials that can be run solely by body heat(does not need an external power supply)have been developed.New methods for providing FIR radiation to the human body have emerged due to technological advancements.Specialty saunas and lamps that emit pure FIR radiation have become effective,safe,and widely used therapeutic sources.Fibers infused with thermide,FIR emitting ceramic nanomaterials and knitted into fabrics are used as clothes and apparel to produce FIR radiation and benefit from its effects.A deeper understanding of FIR's significant innovations and biological implications could aid in improving therapeutic efficacy or developing new methods that use FIR wavelengths.展开更多
文摘Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex,brainstem,and spinal cord.While the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves both upper and lower motor neurons,human and animal studies over the years have highlighted the potential spread to other motor and non-motor regions,expanding the phenotype of ALS.Although superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)mutations represent a minority of ALS cases,the SOD1 gene remains a milestone in ALS research as it represents the first genetic target for personalized therapies.Despite numerous single case reports or case series exhibiting extramotor symptoms in patients with ALS mutations in SOD1(SOD1-ALS),no studies have comprehensively explored the full spectrum of extramotor neurological manifestations in this subpopulation.In this narrative review,we analyze and discuss the available literature on extrapyramidal and non-motor features during SOD1-ALS.The multifaceted expression of SOD1 could deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms,pointing towards a multidisciplinary approach for affected patients in light of new therapeutic strategies for SOD1-ALS.
基金Supported by Taiwan National Science and Technology Council,No.NSTC114-2221-E-035-036Taichung Veterans General Hospital/Feng Chia University Joint Research Program,No.TCVGH-FCU1148207.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer carries a poor prognosis with low 5-year survival rates and limited early detection options.The skeletal muscle index at the L3 vertebral level is a well-established prognostic marker in esophageal cancer,but most follow-up computed tomography(CT)scans do not extend to L3 and limiting its utility.Radiomics has emerged as a powerful tool for extracting prognostic information from medical images.AIM To evaluate the influential features for esophageal cancer prognosis by integrating radiomic and body compositionbased indices of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue at the T12 level from both pretreatment and follow-up CT images,in order to assess their value in predicting overall survival(OS).METHODS This retrospective study included 212 esophageal cancer patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy,with both pretreatment and follow-up chest CT scans available.Body organ analysis(BOA)and radiomic features were extracted from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue at the T12 level using automated tools.Four feature subsets(no-radiomics,pretreatment only,follow-up only,and combined inputs)were developed using logistic regression(LR)with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator for feature selection,followed by Cox regression.Prognostic models-including nomogram,support vector classifier,LR,and extra trees classifier-were constructed to predict 1-,2-,and 3-year OS.RESULTS The model integrating both BOA and radiomics from pretreatment and follow-up CT,combined with clinical data,achieved the best performance for 2-year OS prediction,with an area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91,sensitivity of 0.81,and specificity of 0.88 using the LR model.The most predictive features included both clinical variables,body composition indices,and radiomic features,particularly from follow-up VAT.Follow-up imaging contributed significantly to model performance,reinforcing its value in treatment response evaluation.CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that BOA indices and their corresponding radiomics at the T12-level from both pretreatment and follow-up CT scans-combined with clinical data-can provide accurate prognostic information for esophageal cancer.This approach offers a practical alternative when L3-level imaging is unavailable and supports the clinical integration of automated T12-based imaging biomarkers.The integration of these imaging features with clinical parameters enhances the prediction of survival outcomes and contributes to non-invasive,personalized treatment planning.
基金NSF-SBIR grant # IIP-0823040NSF-CREST program with grant # HRD-0833178Strengthening the Environmental Science Ph.D program in instruction,grant # P031B090210-11
文摘Cytotoxicity of selected metal oxide nanoparticles（MNPs）（ZnO,CuO,Co 3 O 4 and TiO 2）was investigated in Escherichia coli both under light and dark conditions.Cytotoxicity experiments were conducted with spread plate counting and the LC 50 values were calculated.We determined the mechanism of toxicity via measurements of oxidative stress,reduced glutathione,lipid peroxidation,and metal ions.The overall ranking of the LC 50 values was in the order of ZnO 〈 CuO 〈 Co 3 O 4 〈 TiO 2 under dark condition and ZnO 〈 CuO 〈 TiO 2 〈 Co 3 O 4 under light condition.ZnO MNPs were the most toxic among the tested nanoparticles.Our results indicate depletion of reduced glutathione level and elevation of malondialdehyde level correlated with the increase in oxidative stress.Released metal ions were found to have partial effect on the toxicity of MNPs to E.coli.In summary,the dynamic interactions of multiple mechanisms lead to the toxicity of the tested MNPs to E.coli.
基金supported by the Sapienza University of Rome through the project RICERCA 2019(protocol number:RG11916B6451D44A)。
文摘In the present work,dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)was used to extract six synthetic cannabinoids(JWH-018,JWH-019,JWH-073,JWH-200,or WIN 55,225,JWH-250,and AM-694)from oral fluids.A rapid baseline separation of the analytes was achieved on a bidentate octadecyl silica hydride phase(Cogent Bidentate C18;4.6 mm×250 mm,4μm)maintained at 37℃,by eluting in isocratic conditions(water:acetonitrile(25:75,V/V)).Detection was performed using positive electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.The parameters affecting DLLME(pH and ionic strength of the aqueous phase,type and volume of the extractant and dispersive solvent,vortex and centrifugation time)were optimized for maximizing yields.In particular,using 0.5 mL of oral fluid,acetonitrile(1 mL),was identified as the best option,both as a solvent to precipitate proteins and as a dispersing solvent in the DLLME procedure.To select an extraction solvent,a low transition temperature mixture(LTTM;composed of sesamol and chlorine chloride with a molar ratio of 1:3)and dichloromethane were compared;the latter(100μL)was proved to be a better extractant,with recoveries ranging from 73%to 101%by vortexing for 2 min.The method was validated according to the guidelines of Food and Drug Administration bioanalytical methods:intra-day and inter-day precisions ranged between 4%and 18%depending on the spike level and analyte;limits of detection spanned from 2 to 18 ng/mL;matrixmatched calibration curves were characterized by determination coefficients greater than 0.9914.Finally,the extraction procedure was compared with previous methods and with innovative techniques,presenting superior reliability,rapidity,simplicity,inexpensiveness,and efficiency.
文摘Objective: Observing the expression changes of serum proteome in model rats after intervention of the Granules of Eliminating Phlegm and Removing Blood Stasis (豁痰祛瘀颗粒 also known as GEPRB), screening out and identifying the differentially expressed proteins by mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis, discussing the molecular mechanism of control the Diabetes deafness by GEPRB. Methods: By use of proteomics technology, the serum protein serum proteome of the control group, model control group, Duxil and each observation group were observed for 2-DE gel pattern matching, and the difference in the relative content of 2 times was chosen for the differentially expressed proteins. Identification of differentially expressed proteins by MALDI-TOF MS/MS, the authors further analysis the phosphorylation, subcellular localization, interaction, direct regulation, and transmembrane of the differences proteins by the way of bioinformatics analysis. Sixty SPF level SD rats elected in diabetic rats model group (abbreviated as DM group) were be randomly divided into 5 groups based on random number sheet, namely model control group, positive drug control group (Du-ke-xi group) and Mai-tong-fang high, medium and low dose group respectively. In addition, set of normal control group. 10 rats in each group. Results: By Coomassie brilliant blue staining, identified 51 differential protein spots dug from 2-D gel by mass spectrometry, successfully identified 13 non-redundant proteins. Most of the identified proteins were secreted protein and belong to different protein families. There were about 12 proteins have the transmembrane region from the authors’ result, ten of them were plasma membrane proteins. Conclusion: It’s suggesting that 13 differential proteins is most likely the protein response to GEPRB in vivo, these proteins may play key role for the treatment of GEPRB to Diabetes deafness. The two highly differentially expressed proteins Apolipoprotein E (apoE) and C3 may be a potential drug target of GEPRB.
基金This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(302466)the Developing Fund of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,China(A03-1-02-14).
文摘Upstream signals potentially regulating evaporation and stomatal conductance wereinvestigated using 6-8-leaf-old maize (Zea may L.) seedlings which were grown in agreenhouse. Pressure chamber was used to measure leaf water potential and to collectxylem sap. The pH of xylem sap in stems was higher than that in root, and the abscisicacid (ABA) concentration in stems was the highest in well-watered seedlings. The ABAconcentration and pH of xylem sap in roots, stems and leaves increased, and the ABAconcentration in leaves reached the maximum during drought stress. The treatment ofroots with exogenous ABA solution (100molL-1) increased xylem sap ABA concentration inall organs measured, and induced stomatal closure, but did not change ABA distributionamong organs of maize seedlings. The combined effects of external pH buffer on pH, ABAof xylem sap and stomatal behavior indicated that pH, as a root-source signal to leavesunder drought stress, regulated stomatal closure through accumulating ABA in leaves orguard cells.
基金supported in part by the NSF-REU program(National Science Foundation-Research Experiences for Undergraduates,No.#CHE-1156111)the NSF-CREST program(National Science Foundation-Centers of Research Excellencein Science and Technology,No.#HRD-0833178)
文摘In this study,the cytotoxicity of two different crystal phases of TiO2 nanoparticles,with surface modification by humic acid（HA）,to Escherichia coli,was assessed.The physicochemical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized.Three different initial concentrations,namely 50,100,and 200 ppm,of HA were used for synthesis of HA coated TiO2 nanoparticles（denoted as A/RHA50,A/RHA100,and A/RHA200,respectively）.Results indicate that rutile（LC50（concentration that causes 50%mortality compared the control group）=6.5）was more toxic than anatase（LC50=278.8）under simulated sunlight（SSL）irradiation,possibly due to an extremely narrow band gap.It is noted that HA coating increased the toxicity of anatase,but decreased that of rutile.Additionally,AHA50 and RHA50had the biggest differences compared to uncoated anatase and rutile with LC50of 201.9 and21.6,respectively.We then investigated the formation of reactive oxygen species（ROS）by TiO2 nanoparticles in terms of hydroxyl radicals（OH）and superoxide anions（O2^-）.Data suggested that O2^- was the main ROS that accounted for the higher toxicity of rutile upon SSL irradiation.We also observed that HA coating decreased the generation of OH and O2^- on rutile,but increased O2^- formation on anatase.Results from TEM analysis also indicated that HA coated rutile tended to be attached to the surface of E.coli more than anatase.
文摘Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron, SG iron in short, refers to the cast iron in which graphite precipitates as spheroidal shape during solidification of liquid iron. The graphite in common commercial cast iron can only be changed from flake to spheroidal shape by spheroidising treatment. Since spheroidal graphite reduces the cutting effect of stress concentration, the metal matrix strength of SG iron can be applied around 70% - 90%, thus the mechanical property of SG iron is significantly superior to other cast irons; even the tensile strength of SG iron is higher than that carbon steel.
基金supported by grants from the Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology,No.TCVGH-CTUST1047701(to CCS and BSL)Taichung Veterans General Hospital,No.TCVGH-1034907C(to CCS),Taiwan,China
文摘Recent studies have shown the potential of artificially synthesized conduits in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Natural biopolymers have received much attention because of their biocompatibility. To investigate the effects of novel electrospun absorbable poly(ε-caprolactone)/type Ⅰ collagen nanofiber conduits(biopolymer nanofiber conduits) on the repair of peripheral nerve injury, we bridged 10-mm-long sciatic nerve defects with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits, poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone conduits in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rat neurologica1 function was weekly evaluated using sciatic function index within8 weeks after repair. Eight weeks after repair, sciatic nerve myelin sheaths and axon morphology were observed by osmium tetroxide staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and transmission electron microscopy.S-100(Schwann cell marker) and CD4(inflammatory marker) immunoreactivities in sciatic nerve were detected by immunohistochemistry. In rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits, no serious inflammatory reactions were observed in rat hind limbs, the morphology of myelin sheaths in the injured sciatic nerve was close to normal. CD4 immunoreactivity was obviously weaker in rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits than in those subjected to repair with poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone. Rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits tended to have greater sciatic nerve function recovery than those receiving poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone repair. These results suggest that electrospun absorbable poly(ε-caprolactone)/type Ⅰ collagen nanofiber conduits have the potential of repairing sciatic nerve defects and exhibit good biocompatibility. All experimental procedures were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taiwan, China(La-1031218) on October 2, 2014.
文摘Note: This book consists of five sections: Chapter 1 Introduction, Chapter 2 Grey Iron, Chapter 3 Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron, Chapter 4 Vermicular Cast Iron, and Chapter 5 White Cast Iron. CHINA FOUNDRY publishes this book in several parts serially, starting from the first issue of 2009.
基金supported by the National Institutes Health(grant Nos.5P20GM109095 and P20GM103408)Boise State University(to BEM)
文摘Understanding the contribution of endothelial cells to the progenitor pools of adult tissues has the potential to inform therapies for human disease.To address whether endothelial cells transdifferentiate into non-vascular cell types,we performed cell lineage tracing analysis using transgenic mice engineered to express a fluorescent marker following activation by tamoxifen in vascular endothelial cadherin promoter-expressing cells(VEcad-CreERT2;B6 Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm9(CAG-tdTomato)Hze).Activation of target-cell labeling following 1.5 months of ad libitum feeding with tamoxifen-laden chow in 4–5 month-old mice resulted in the tracing of central nervous system and peripheral cells that include:cerebellar granule neurons,ependymal cells,skeletal myocytes,pancreatic beta cells,pancreatic acinar cells,tubular cells in the renal cortex,duodenal crypt cells,ileal crypt cells,and hair follicle stem cells.As Nestin expression has been reported in a subset of endothelial cells,Nes-CreERT2 mice were also utilized in these conditions.The tracing of cells in adult Nes-CreERT2 mice revealed the labeling of canonical progeny cell types such as hippocampal and olfactory granule neurons as well as ependymal cells.Interestingly,Nestin tracing also labeled skeletal myocytes,ileal crypt cells,and sparsely marked cerebellar granule neurons.Our findings provide support for endothelial cells as active contributors to adult tissue progenitor pools.This information could be of particular significance for the intravenous delivery of therapeutics to downstream endothelial-derived cellular targets.The animal experiments were approved by the Boise State University Institute Animal Care and Use Committee(approval No.006-AC15-018)on October 31,2018.
文摘We propose a novel optical method for glucose measurement based on difuse photon-pair density wave(DPPDW)in a multiple scattering medium(MSM)where the light scattering of photon-pair is induced by refractive index mismatch between scatters and phantom solution.Experi-mentally,the DPPDW propagates in MSM via a two frequency laser(TFL)beam wherein highly correlated pairs of linear polarized photons are generated.The reduced scattering coefficientμ2s and absorption coefficientμ2a of DPPDW are measured simultaneously in terms of the amplitude and phase measurements of the detected heterodyne signal under arrangement at different dis-tances between the source and detection fibers in MSM.The results show that the sensitivity of glucose detection via glucose-induced change of reduced scattering coefficient(δμ′2)is 0.049%mM^(-1)in a 1%intralipid solution.In addition,the linear range ofδμ′2s vs glucose concentration implies that this DPPDW method can be used to monitor glucose concentration continuously and noninvasively subcutaneously.
文摘Mitigation and adaptation have become two main strategies that governments around the world are focusing on in response to the threat of global climate change. In August 2009, Typhoon Morakot heavily damaged the central and southern parts of Taiwan, causing irreversible damage to the environment, especially in the mountain areas. In this study, the goal is to attain sustainable reservoir management, thus comprehensive storm water management is used to develop mitigation strategies. Overlay-map methods of GIS, along with vulnerability analysis and land use sustainability analysis, are used to map out optimal land use patterns containing development potentials, growth limits, and suitability concerns that aim to reduce the impact of human development on the ecological environment. Finally, the mitigation strategies proposed by this study for the land use of Zengwen Reservoir and its catchment will be implement shortly.
文摘Object With the broad application of endovascular aneurysm coiling on grade IV and V patients, the specific angiographic findings of grave prognosis could be detected. This unique finding will be considered as an indicator which would be the urgent treatment option between aggressive ICP control including EVD/decompressive craniectomy and continuing coiling. Methods Very interesting angiographic finding could be found in 7 cases of grave IV & V SAH patients and 3 cases of procedural rupture cases. Especially in the procedural rupture cases, these abnormal collaterals could be disappeared easily with the aggressive medical ICP control as early this finding was detected as possible. Conclusions The author names it “misery collaterals” and it has been defined as whole intracranial large vessels are seen on one vessel angiography.It has been caused by severe brain edema and pressurized contrast injection which has changed the flow hemodynamics through A-com & P-com aretries. When we faced this finding during the aneurysm coiling, urgent ICP control with or without surgical method should be initiated. Regardless of massive ICP control, there is no hemodynamic recover and still this finding remains, almost all patients will show grave course.
文摘Philosophy of science has arisen as alternative to epistemology, because scientific development wanted another kind of explanation than traditional epistemological one. The latter kind of explanation is theoretically loaded and based on latent ontological assumptions. Epistemology offers science a ＂road map＂ for researcher＇s thinking. Thus epistemology knows what science should be, and philosophy of science take science for granted--existing as an empirical fact. Philosophy of science had always been a reflective and critical discipline that didn＇t want any a-priory knowledge. The main distinction between these fields of knowledge is as follows： epistemology is theoretical and projective kind of knowledge whereas philosophy of science is a non-theoretical, or better, a ＂post-theoretical＂ discipline. All facts and statements arising from philosophy of science lie within the heterogeneous space, where there is continuous transit of pre-theoretical, theoretical and post-theoretical versions of knowledge. The inevitability of conservation and utilization of human thought products is recognized, which is supplemented by the need to study the impact of theoretical thinking upon social practices.
文摘In Critique of Pure Reason （1996）, Immanuel Kant says that the term ＂aesthetic＂ means ＂the science of the laws of sensibility＂ and suggests giving up usage of it to indicate ＂the critique of taste＂ which executes the criticism of the beautiful. It is well known that Gilles Deleuze was inspired by all genres of the arts, namely movies, paintings, music, and so on. However, this paper argues that what is more essential for Deleuzian philosophy is aesthetics as a science of sensibility. What motivated Deleuze, especially from the 1950s to the 1960s, seems to have consisted in discovering the weaknesses of the Kantian aesthetic in order to take it apart. In fact, one of the main themes in Difference and Repetition （1994） was to free ＂sensibility＂ itself from Kant＇s philosophical system. This theme subsisted in his writing even after the 1970s, and led him to develop a ＂natural philosophy＂ of sorts. This is because the supposition that ＂the sensibility itself＂ is independent from any human faculties gave him an opportunity to carefully consider the multiplicity and productivity of Nature itself. Finally, Deleuze created his own ＂ethology＂ that would capture the increasingly interrelated movements within Nature produced by heterogeneous elements. This paper describes the process of Deleuzian thought as outlined above, surveying his view of Kantian philosophy and the development of his natural philosophy as ＂the aesthetics of Nature.＂
文摘There appear to be three principle forces driving the future of new drug development:under-standing the genome-transcrip-tome-proteme correlations, under-standing and mapping protein posttrans-lational modification (PTM) pathways,and integration of mass spectrometry (MS) techniques into routine protein identification and characterization.
文摘Far infrared(FIR)radiation(3-100µm)is an electromagnetic spectrum commonly studied for biological effects.This article aims to discuss using Far infrared radiation with sub-division(4-24µm)of this waveband to stimulate tissues and cells and is considered an effective therapeutic modality for specific medical disorders.The IR application as a medical therapy has advanced rapidly in recent years.For example,IR therapy like IR-emitting apparel and materials that can be run solely by body heat(does not need an external power supply)have been developed.New methods for providing FIR radiation to the human body have emerged due to technological advancements.Specialty saunas and lamps that emit pure FIR radiation have become effective,safe,and widely used therapeutic sources.Fibers infused with thermide,FIR emitting ceramic nanomaterials and knitted into fabrics are used as clothes and apparel to produce FIR radiation and benefit from its effects.A deeper understanding of FIR's significant innovations and biological implications could aid in improving therapeutic efficacy or developing new methods that use FIR wavelengths.
