Peak oil theory is a theory concerning long-term oil reserves and the rate of oil production. Peak oil refers to the maximum rate of the production of oil or gas in any area under consideration. Its inevitability is a...Peak oil theory is a theory concerning long-term oil reserves and the rate of oil production. Peak oil refers to the maximum rate of the production of oil or gas in any area under consideration. Its inevitability is analyzed from three aspects. The factors that influence peak oil and their mechanisms are discussed. These include the amount of resources, the discovery maturity of resources, the depletion rate of reserves and the demand for oil. The advance in the study of peak oil in China is divided into three stages. The main characteristics, main researchers, forecast results and research methods are described in each stage. The progress of the study of peak oil in China is summarized and the present problems are analyzed. Finally three development trends of peak oil study in China are presented.展开更多
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful explosions in the universe. Over the past two decades, several GRB energy and luminosity correlations were discovered. These correlations typically involve an observable p...Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful explosions in the universe. Over the past two decades, several GRB energy and luminosity correlations were discovered. These correlations typically involve an observable parameter, like the observed peak energy, Ep,obs, and a non-observable quantity, like the equivalent isotropic energy, Eiso. This paper provides a brief review of GRB peak energy correlations. Specifically, it focuses on the Amati relation, which correlates Ep,obs and Eiso, and the Ghirlanda relation, which correlates Ep,obs and Ey, the total energy corrected for beaming. The paper also discusses the physical interpretation of these relations in the context of the internal shock model.展开更多
In this paper, we report a high peak power passively Q-switched laser-diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO_4/Cr^(4+):YAG laser polarized along the C axis, generating 4.23-W average power and 18-kW peak power (144-μJ pulse power) ...In this paper, we report a high peak power passively Q-switched laser-diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO_4/Cr^(4+):YAG laser polarized along the C axis, generating 4.23-W average power and 18-kW peak power (144-μJ pulse power) with 8.0-ns time duration (29.4-kHz repetition rate) at 1064 nm while the pump power is 21.2 W.展开更多
为了低碳高效地资源化利用工程渣土,采用碱激发材料来固化工程渣土,研究不同碱激发剂激活矿渣/粉煤灰对所得固化土的工作性能、抗压强度、表观密度和线收缩的影响,采用XRD和SEM分析固化土的矿物相和微观形貌,最后分析不同配方固化土的...为了低碳高效地资源化利用工程渣土,采用碱激发材料来固化工程渣土,研究不同碱激发剂激活矿渣/粉煤灰对所得固化土的工作性能、抗压强度、表观密度和线收缩的影响,采用XRD和SEM分析固化土的矿物相和微观形貌,最后分析不同配方固化土的碳排放和碳强比.结果表明:利用碱激发材料固化渣土可得到强度大于10 MPa、密度约1700 kg/m^(3)、线收缩小于1%的建筑材料,固化土的反应产物主要为C-A-S-H、C-S-H和碳酸钙.矿渣的固化效果强于粉煤灰,且碳排放和碳强比更低(约2.2-4.8 kg CO_(2)e/(t·MPa)).标准养护条件下,相较于水玻璃和氢氧化钠,使用硅灰替代水玻璃,会使固化土的流动性降低4%»5%、抗压强度降低41.9%、碳排放降低41%-43%,但碳强比基本不变;使用生石灰作为激发剂,会使固化土的流动性降低18%»19%、抗压强度降低23.9%、碳排放降低64%-66%,并降低碳强比,但需要养护来保证生石灰的激发效果.展开更多
文摘Peak oil theory is a theory concerning long-term oil reserves and the rate of oil production. Peak oil refers to the maximum rate of the production of oil or gas in any area under consideration. Its inevitability is analyzed from three aspects. The factors that influence peak oil and their mechanisms are discussed. These include the amount of resources, the discovery maturity of resources, the depletion rate of reserves and the demand for oil. The advance in the study of peak oil in China is divided into three stages. The main characteristics, main researchers, forecast results and research methods are described in each stage. The progress of the study of peak oil in China is summarized and the present problems are analyzed. Finally three development trends of peak oil study in China are presented.
文摘Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful explosions in the universe. Over the past two decades, several GRB energy and luminosity correlations were discovered. These correlations typically involve an observable parameter, like the observed peak energy, Ep,obs, and a non-observable quantity, like the equivalent isotropic energy, Eiso. This paper provides a brief review of GRB peak energy correlations. Specifically, it focuses on the Amati relation, which correlates Ep,obs and Eiso, and the Ghirlanda relation, which correlates Ep,obs and Ey, the total energy corrected for beaming. The paper also discusses the physical interpretation of these relations in the context of the internal shock model.
文摘In this paper, we report a high peak power passively Q-switched laser-diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO_4/Cr^(4+):YAG laser polarized along the C axis, generating 4.23-W average power and 18-kW peak power (144-μJ pulse power) with 8.0-ns time duration (29.4-kHz repetition rate) at 1064 nm while the pump power is 21.2 W.
文摘为了低碳高效地资源化利用工程渣土,采用碱激发材料来固化工程渣土,研究不同碱激发剂激活矿渣/粉煤灰对所得固化土的工作性能、抗压强度、表观密度和线收缩的影响,采用XRD和SEM分析固化土的矿物相和微观形貌,最后分析不同配方固化土的碳排放和碳强比.结果表明:利用碱激发材料固化渣土可得到强度大于10 MPa、密度约1700 kg/m^(3)、线收缩小于1%的建筑材料,固化土的反应产物主要为C-A-S-H、C-S-H和碳酸钙.矿渣的固化效果强于粉煤灰,且碳排放和碳强比更低(约2.2-4.8 kg CO_(2)e/(t·MPa)).标准养护条件下,相较于水玻璃和氢氧化钠,使用硅灰替代水玻璃,会使固化土的流动性降低4%»5%、抗压强度降低41.9%、碳排放降低41%-43%,但碳强比基本不变;使用生石灰作为激发剂,会使固化土的流动性降低18%»19%、抗压强度降低23.9%、碳排放降低64%-66%,并降低碳强比,但需要养护来保证生石灰的激发效果.
