摘要
低温余热发电是解决目前我国工业领域能源消耗高、余热利用率低的关键路径之一。有机朗肯循环(ORC)凭借在低温条件下显著提升膨胀机效率、改善汽轮机发电性能而备受关注。本文从系统构成和工质选择出发,阐述ORC工作原理、技术特征以及工质物化性质对性能的影响,进而梳理钢铁、化工、石化等行业已投运示范工程的系统构型、关键设备、工质方案与运行参数,并以净发电量、热效率和投资回收期为指标评价其节能环保与经济效益。分析结果表明,ORC可依据余热规模和工质特性实现kW至MW级发电,引入回热、双工质或串级后效率可以再提升,投资回收期可控制在2 a以内;R245fa、R134a等干流体为优选工质,非共沸工质需解决成分漂移问题;钢铁、化工、石化行业的低温余热发电示范项目证实ORC已具备规模化推广条件。通过案例剖析,为ORC技术在低温余热发电的规模化推广提供借鉴,并为更多工业场景的余热利用设计与应用提供参考。
Low-temperature waste heat power generation is one of the key paths to solve the current high energy consumption and low waste heat utilization rate in our country’s industrial field.The organic Rankine cycle(ORC)has attracted much attention for significantly improving expander efficiency and improving the power generation performance of steam turbines under low temperature conditions.Based on system constitution and refrigerant selection,the working principle,technical characteristics and the influence of working fluid physicochemical properties on performance are expounded,and then the system configuration,key equipment,working fluid scheme and operating parameters of the demonstration projects that have been put into operation in steel,chemical,petrochemical and other industries are sorted out,and their energy conservation,environmental protection and economic benefits are evaluated by using net power generation,thermal efficiency and payback period as indicators.The analysis results show that ORC can achieve kW to MW power generation according to the scale of waste heat and working fluid characteristics,and the efficiency can be improved after the introduction of heat recovery,duplex or tandem stage,and the payback period can be controlled within 2 years.R245fa,R134a and other dry fluids are the preferred working fluids,and non-azeotropic working fluids need to solve the problem of composition drift.The low-temperature waste heat power generation demonstration project in the steel,chemical and petrochemical industries has confirmed that ORC has the conditions for large-scale promotion.Through the case analysis,it provides reference for the large-scale promotion of ORC technology in low-temperature waste heat power generation,and provides reference for the design and application of waste heat utilization in more industrial scenarios.
作者
谷志卿
宋海琛
尹金城
鞠朋
吴维成
张静
GU Zhiqing;SONG Haichen;YIN Jincheng;JU Peng;WU Weicheng;ZHANG Jing(Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization Research Institute,Shenyang Institute of Engineering,Shenyang 110136,Liaoning,China;Shenyang Aluminum&Magnesium Engineering&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110001,Liaoning,China;School of New Energy,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210000,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《烧结球团》
北大核心
2025年第4期32-39,72,共9页
Sintering and Pelletizing
基金
辽宁省科技厅应用基础研究计划资助项目(2022JH2/101300122)
辽宁省科技计划联合计划项目(2023JH2/101700251)
辽宁省“揭榜挂帅”科技计划项目(2023020439-JH1/104)。
关键词
余热利用
低温余热
余热发电
有机朗肯循环
有机工质
waste heat utilization
low-temperature waste heat
waste heat power generation
organic Rankine cycle
organic working medium
