Wildfire events are increasing globally which may be partly associated with climate change,resulting in significant adverse impacts on local,regional air quality and global climate.In September 2020,a small wildfire(b...Wildfire events are increasing globally which may be partly associated with climate change,resulting in significant adverse impacts on local,regional air quality and global climate.In September 2020,a small wildfire(burned area:36.3 ha)event occurred in Souesmes(Loiret-Cher,Sologne,France),and its plume spread out over 200 km on the following day as observed by the MODIS satellite.Based on measurements at a suburban site(~50 km northwest of the fire location)in Orléans and backward trajectory analysis,young wildfire plumes were characterized.Significant increases in gaseous pollutants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2)O,VOCs,etc.)and particles(including black carbon)were found within the wildfire plumes,leading to a reduced air quality.Emission factors,defined as EF(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(where,X represents the target species),of various trace gases and black carbon within the young wildfire plumes were determined accordingly and compared with previous studies.Changes in the ambient ions(such as ammonium,sulfate,nitrate,chloride,and nitrite in the particle-and gasphase)and aerosol properties(e.g.,aerosol water content,aerosol p H)were also quantified and discussed.Moreover,we estimated the total carbon and climate-related species(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,and BC)emissions and compared them with fire emission inventories.Current biomass burning emission inventories have uncertainties in estimating small fire burned areas and emissions.For instance,we found that the Global Fire Assimilation System(GFAS)may underestimate emissions(e.g.,CO)of this small wildfire while other inventories(GFED and FINN)showed significant overestimation.Considering that it is the first time to record wildfire plumes in this region,related atmospheric implications are presented and discussed.展开更多
Introduction: Foreign bodies of the larynx are serious. They can be immediately life-threatening. The aim of this study was to report the epidemiological and clinical features that characterize this affection. Materia...Introduction: Foreign bodies of the larynx are serious. They can be immediately life-threatening. The aim of this study was to report the epidemiological and clinical features that characterize this affection. Material and method: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients admitted to foreign bodies of the lower airways in the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department of the University Hospital-Yalgado Ouedraogo (UH-YO) from 2008 to 2012. Results: Seventeen (17) foreign body records were compiled on a group of 76 foreign bodies of the lower airways. The average age was 5 years. Patients ranged in age from 6 months to 35 years with a sex ratio of 1.4. The call signs were the penetration syndrome that was found in 4 cases (23.5%), laryngeal dyspnea was found in 8 cases (47.05%) with stage II to III and dysphonia 10 cases (58.8%). The extraction was done endoscopically in all patients, and a tracheostomy was made in 2 cases (11.7%). A death was noted in 1 case (5.9%). Conclusion: The laryngeal foreign bodies are common and maintain their classical gravity. It should be thought about in front of any dyspnea associated with dysphonia in children previously healthy. The prevention is the key weapon in our context.展开更多
Background:The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare systems globally,raising concerns about delayed cancer diagnosis and treatment.In France,transurethral resection of bladder tumors(TURBT)was prioritized in nationa...Background:The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare systems globally,raising concerns about delayed cancer diagnosis and treatment.In France,transurethral resection of bladder tumors(TURBT)was prioritized in national urology guidelines to ensure the timely management of urothelial carcinoma.This study aimed to assess the impact of care reorganization on tumor staging,recurrence,palliative care,and mortality in bladder cancer patients from the pre-pandemic through late-pandemic periods.Methods:We conducted a retrospective multicenter study including all patients who underwent TURBT with histologically confirmed urothelial carcinoma between April and December of 2019(pre-pandemic),2020(early pandemic),2021(mid-pandemic),and 2022(late pandemic)in two French institutions.TURBT indications were categorized as diagnostic,palliative,or staging.Clinical and pathological data were compared across the four periods.Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests,Estimated Annual Percentage Change(EAPC),and multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age,sex,ASA score,and center.Results:A total of 790 TURBT procedures were analyzed.The proportion of muscle-invasive bladder cancer(pT≥2)declined over time(18.7%in 2019 to 13.2%in 2022;p=0.63),while superficial tumors(pTa)increased(57.2%to 65.5%).All-cause mortality significantly decreased from 38.0%in 2019 to 22.0%in 2020,20.5%in 2021,and 19.5%in 2022(p=0.006).EAPC showed a significant annual decline in mortality(–24.3%,p=0.004).In multivariable analysis,2020,2021,and 2022 were each associated with significantly lower odds of mortality compared to 2019.Recurrence rates remained stable across all periods(p=0.93).Interhospital variation persisted in mortality and recurrence.Conclusions:Despite the pandemic,urothelial bladder cancer outcomes did not worsen through 2022.On the contrary,timely reorganization,prioritization of TURBT,and triage strategies were associated with reduced mortality and palliative care needs,highlighting the resilience of cancer care when guided by adaptive health policies.展开更多
The rock-salt cubic SnSe compound with multiple valleys and inherent low thermal conductivity is considered to be a promising thermoelectric compound.In this study,heterogeneous Pb atoms were strategically introduced ...The rock-salt cubic SnSe compound with multiple valleys and inherent low thermal conductivity is considered to be a promising thermoelectric compound.In this study,heterogeneous Pb atoms were strategically introduced into the lattice of cubic SnSe matrix,synergistically adjusting the thermoelectric transport properties of samples by optimizing hole carrier concentration(n)and suppressing thermal conductivity(κ_(tot)).When the doping content reached 0.08 mol,the peak power factor(PF)at 300 K increased to 20.00μW·cm^(-1)·K^(-2).The growing internal microstrain induced by the differences in atomic size strengthened the phonon scattering and effectively reduced the lattice thermal conductivity(κ_(L)).With further decoupling of the electrical and thermal transport properties,a peak thermoelectric figure of merit(ZT)of 0.82 and an average ZT of 0.42(300-750 K)were achieved in the samples doped with 0.10 mol Pb.These findings highlight the effectiveness of the selected dopants and demonstrate their synergy in improving the performance of thermoelectric materials.展开更多
SnSe is a promising thermoelectric(TE) compound that has attracted increasing attention in recent years,highlighting its advantages in wide temperature range applications.Nanocomposite material engineering provides a ...SnSe is a promising thermoelectric(TE) compound that has attracted increasing attention in recent years,highlighting its advantages in wide temperature range applications.Nanocomposite material engineering provides a straightforward and practical approach to enhance the TE transport performance and mechanical strength of materials.In this study,SiC nanoparticles with varying mass percentages were incorporated into cubic SnSe-based TE materials using the wet ball milling method via mechanical activation(MA).During the rapid hotpressing sintering(HPS) process,the SiC nanoparticles dispersed at the matrix interface and effectively hindered grains growth owing to the pinning effect.The refined grains and multiple interfaces improved the hole carrier concentration(n) and enhanced the phonon scattering,which collectively optimized the electrical and thermal transport properties of cubic SnSe-based nanocomposites,thereby significantly improving the TE dimensionless figure of merit(ZT).Eventually,the sample with 1.25 wt%SiC achieved the highest ZT of ~1.14 at 750 K,which was twice that of the uncomposite sample.In terms of mechanical properties,the addition of SiC nanoparticles can effectively enhance the Vickers hardness(H_(v)) of the material,further demonstrating that this work offers an effective strategy for improving the performance of cubic SnSe-based TE materials.展开更多
Recently,numerous estimation issues have been solved due to the developments in data-driven artificial neural networks(ANN)and graph neural networks(GNN).The primary limitation of previous methodologies has been the d...Recently,numerous estimation issues have been solved due to the developments in data-driven artificial neural networks(ANN)and graph neural networks(GNN).The primary limitation of previous methodologies has been the dependence on data that can be structured in a grid format.However,physiological recordings often exhibit irregular and unordered patterns,posing a significant challenge in conceptualising them as matrices.As a result,GNNs which comprise interactive nodes connected by edges whose weights are defined by anatomical junctions or temporal relationships have received a lot of consideration by leveraging implicit data that exists in a biological system.Additionally,our study incorporates a structural GNN to effectively differentiate between different degrees of infection in both the left and right hemispheres of the brain.Subsequently,demographic data are included,and a multi-task learning architecture is devised,integrating classification and regression tasks.The trials used an authentic dataset,including 800 brain x-ray pictures,consisting of 560 instances classified as moderate cases and 240 instances classified as severe cases.Based on empirical evidence,our methodology demonstrates superior performance in classification,surpassing other comparison methods with a notable achievement of 92.27%in terms of area under the curve as well as a correlation coefficient of 0.62.展开更多
It was long accepted that the microgranular structure of many Ferralsols was mainly related to physicochemical processes and to their mineralogical composition. It now appears, however, that this microgranular structu...It was long accepted that the microgranular structure of many Ferralsols was mainly related to physicochemical processes and to their mineralogical composition. It now appears, however, that this microgranular structure originates from the burrowing activity of termites and ants. Given its importance for the physical properties of Ferralsols, it will be necessary to study the different termite and ant species responsible for this microgranular structure and the characteristics of the burrowing activity associated with species.展开更多
Marine biological activity has long been recognized to impact the atmospheric chemistry of coastal areas.In this work,we monitored the seasonal variation of carbonyl compounds in the coastal city of Qingdao,located in...Marine biological activity has long been recognized to impact the atmospheric chemistry of coastal areas.In this work,we monitored the seasonal variation of carbonyl compounds in the coastal city of Qingdao,located in the north of China’s coastline and the south of Jiaodong Peninsula,with the vast hinterland in the west.The mean total concentration of the 15 carbonyls varied significantly between seasons,with the highest observed in autumn(10.2±6.2 ppbv),followed by spring(9.0±3.0 ppbv),winter(6.4±4.0 ppbv)and summer(3.4±1.4 ppbv).Using bivariate analysis,the agricultural emissions from inland areas were responsible for the high levels of carbonyls in the autumn.In summer,clean and humid sea winds helped reduce the concentration of carbonyls,but they also brought air masses from vegetation,and marine organisms,which contributed to high levels of carbonyls in the spring of coastal areas.The observation-based chemistry box model found that the forma-tion of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was primarily controlled by the RO+O2 reaction,and alkenes oxidation was the main contributing factor.Based on the OH radical loss rate(LOH)and ozone formation potential(OFP)calculation,we found that autumn and spring seasons have significantly higher values of LOH and OFP than winter and summer due to the presence of high concentrations of carbonyl compounds.Therefore,it is believed that these carbonyl compounds primarily originate from agricultural activities,and marine air influences the atmospheric chemistry of the coastal areas.展开更多
Some refractory linings that protect metallic vessels from the hot temperature of the products they contain are made of masonries with or without mortar.The joints play an important role,reducing the stresses in the m...Some refractory linings that protect metallic vessels from the hot temperature of the products they contain are made of masonries with or without mortar.The joints play an important role,reducing the stresses in the masonries during heating.Furthermore,the presence of these joints makes the behaviour of the masonry nonlinear and orthotropic.To perform a thermomechanical simulation using a finite element method of an industrial vessel that contains hundreds or thousands of bricks and joints,microscopic models are not suitable due to the high computational time and the management of the behaviour of the joints(opening/closing)which affects the convergence.To overcome these problems,it is proposed to replace the masonry by a homogeneous material that has a behaviour equivalent to the set of bricks and joints,using a periodic homogenization technique.Since the joints can be closed or open,the equivalent material will have a different behaviour according to the joint state.Furthermore,refractory materials have an elastic-viscoplastic behaviour at high temperatures.So,the equivalent material will have an orthotropic elastic-viscoplastic behaviour,requiring a nonlinear homogenisation technique.An overview of this approach developed at University of Orléans is presented with two industrial applications(blast-furnace and steel ladle).展开更多
目的:比较地塞米松不同给药方式治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的疗效和安全性。方法:150例慢性分泌性中耳炎患者随机分为对照组(75例)和观察组(75例)。对照组患者于内镜下经鼓膜穿刺给予地塞米松磷酸钠注射液5 mg。观察组患者于内镜下经咽鼓管...目的:比较地塞米松不同给药方式治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的疗效和安全性。方法:150例慢性分泌性中耳炎患者随机分为对照组(75例)和观察组(75例)。对照组患者于内镜下经鼓膜穿刺给予地塞米松磷酸钠注射液5 mg。观察组患者于内镜下经咽鼓管给予地塞米松磷酸钠注射液5 mg。两组均每2 d 1次,共治疗3次。观察两组患者的临床疗效,治疗前后1、2、4、8 k Hz频率骨导阈值、水通道蛋白1、水通道蛋白4水平,复发情况和鼓室积液发生情况,并记录不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患者总有效率(93.33%)显著高于对照组(80.00%),复发率、鼓室积液发生率均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者各频率骨导阈值、水通道蛋白1、水通道蛋白4水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者各频率骨导阈值水平均显著低于同组治疗前,且观察组显著低于对照组;两组患者水通道蛋白1、水通道蛋白4水平均显著高于同组治疗前,且观察组显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:内镜下经咽鼓管给予地塞米松治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎在疗效、减轻临床症状、改善各频率骨导阈值、上调水通道蛋白表达水平、降低复发和鼓室积液风险方面均显著优于经鼓膜穿刺给药,但两种给药方式的安全性相当。展开更多
The base of the ICS(International Commission on Stratigraphy)Geological Time Scale was ratified in 2022 by defining a new Global Stratigraphic Standard Age(GSSA)for the lower boundary of the Hadean Eon(formerly 4000–...The base of the ICS(International Commission on Stratigraphy)Geological Time Scale was ratified in 2022 by defining a new Global Stratigraphic Standard Age(GSSA)for the lower boundary of the Hadean Eon(formerly 4000–3600 Ma);the age of the Solar System based on the oldest solids,calcium-aluminium inclusions(CAIs),generated in the protoplanetary disk.The formal GSSA for the Hadean base is the oldest reliable,weighted mean Ucorrected Pb–Pb age of 4567.30±0.16 Ma obtained for CAIs in primitive meteorites Allende and Efremovka.This age is supported by the 4568–4567 Ma U-corrected Pb–Pb ages of chondrules in Northwest African meteorites.The boundary sets an upper lifetime for the protoplanetary disk and timing of planet formation.展开更多
基金supported by the VOLTAIRE project (ANR-10-LABX-100-01)funded by the ANR and the PIVOTS project provided by the Region Centre−Val de Loire (ARD 2020 program and CPER 2015−2020).
文摘Wildfire events are increasing globally which may be partly associated with climate change,resulting in significant adverse impacts on local,regional air quality and global climate.In September 2020,a small wildfire(burned area:36.3 ha)event occurred in Souesmes(Loiret-Cher,Sologne,France),and its plume spread out over 200 km on the following day as observed by the MODIS satellite.Based on measurements at a suburban site(~50 km northwest of the fire location)in Orléans and backward trajectory analysis,young wildfire plumes were characterized.Significant increases in gaseous pollutants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2)O,VOCs,etc.)and particles(including black carbon)were found within the wildfire plumes,leading to a reduced air quality.Emission factors,defined as EF(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(where,X represents the target species),of various trace gases and black carbon within the young wildfire plumes were determined accordingly and compared with previous studies.Changes in the ambient ions(such as ammonium,sulfate,nitrate,chloride,and nitrite in the particle-and gasphase)and aerosol properties(e.g.,aerosol water content,aerosol p H)were also quantified and discussed.Moreover,we estimated the total carbon and climate-related species(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,and BC)emissions and compared them with fire emission inventories.Current biomass burning emission inventories have uncertainties in estimating small fire burned areas and emissions.For instance,we found that the Global Fire Assimilation System(GFAS)may underestimate emissions(e.g.,CO)of this small wildfire while other inventories(GFED and FINN)showed significant overestimation.Considering that it is the first time to record wildfire plumes in this region,related atmospheric implications are presented and discussed.
文摘Introduction: Foreign bodies of the larynx are serious. They can be immediately life-threatening. The aim of this study was to report the epidemiological and clinical features that characterize this affection. Material and method: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients admitted to foreign bodies of the lower airways in the Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department of the University Hospital-Yalgado Ouedraogo (UH-YO) from 2008 to 2012. Results: Seventeen (17) foreign body records were compiled on a group of 76 foreign bodies of the lower airways. The average age was 5 years. Patients ranged in age from 6 months to 35 years with a sex ratio of 1.4. The call signs were the penetration syndrome that was found in 4 cases (23.5%), laryngeal dyspnea was found in 8 cases (47.05%) with stage II to III and dysphonia 10 cases (58.8%). The extraction was done endoscopically in all patients, and a tracheostomy was made in 2 cases (11.7%). A death was noted in 1 case (5.9%). Conclusion: The laryngeal foreign bodies are common and maintain their classical gravity. It should be thought about in front of any dyspnea associated with dysphonia in children previously healthy. The prevention is the key weapon in our context.
文摘Background:The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare systems globally,raising concerns about delayed cancer diagnosis and treatment.In France,transurethral resection of bladder tumors(TURBT)was prioritized in national urology guidelines to ensure the timely management of urothelial carcinoma.This study aimed to assess the impact of care reorganization on tumor staging,recurrence,palliative care,and mortality in bladder cancer patients from the pre-pandemic through late-pandemic periods.Methods:We conducted a retrospective multicenter study including all patients who underwent TURBT with histologically confirmed urothelial carcinoma between April and December of 2019(pre-pandemic),2020(early pandemic),2021(mid-pandemic),and 2022(late pandemic)in two French institutions.TURBT indications were categorized as diagnostic,palliative,or staging.Clinical and pathological data were compared across the four periods.Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests,Estimated Annual Percentage Change(EAPC),and multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age,sex,ASA score,and center.Results:A total of 790 TURBT procedures were analyzed.The proportion of muscle-invasive bladder cancer(pT≥2)declined over time(18.7%in 2019 to 13.2%in 2022;p=0.63),while superficial tumors(pTa)increased(57.2%to 65.5%).All-cause mortality significantly decreased from 38.0%in 2019 to 22.0%in 2020,20.5%in 2021,and 19.5%in 2022(p=0.006).EAPC showed a significant annual decline in mortality(–24.3%,p=0.004).In multivariable analysis,2020,2021,and 2022 were each associated with significantly lower odds of mortality compared to 2019.Recurrence rates remained stable across all periods(p=0.93).Interhospital variation persisted in mortality and recurrence.Conclusions:Despite the pandemic,urothelial bladder cancer outcomes did not worsen through 2022.On the contrary,timely reorganization,prioritization of TURBT,and triage strategies were associated with reduced mortality and palliative care needs,highlighting the resilience of cancer care when guided by adaptive health policies.
基金supported by Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202306225)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(SDBX2023025)+2 种基金Leader of Scientific Research Studio Program of Jinan(No.2021GXRC082)University of Jinan Disciplinary Cross-Convergence Construction Projects 2023(Nos.XKJC-202301 and XKJC-202311)Jinan City-School Integration Development Strategy Project(Nos.JNSX2023015 and JNSX2023018).
文摘The rock-salt cubic SnSe compound with multiple valleys and inherent low thermal conductivity is considered to be a promising thermoelectric compound.In this study,heterogeneous Pb atoms were strategically introduced into the lattice of cubic SnSe matrix,synergistically adjusting the thermoelectric transport properties of samples by optimizing hole carrier concentration(n)and suppressing thermal conductivity(κ_(tot)).When the doping content reached 0.08 mol,the peak power factor(PF)at 300 K increased to 20.00μW·cm^(-1)·K^(-2).The growing internal microstrain induced by the differences in atomic size strengthened the phonon scattering and effectively reduced the lattice thermal conductivity(κ_(L)).With further decoupling of the electrical and thermal transport properties,a peak thermoelectric figure of merit(ZT)of 0.82 and an average ZT of 0.42(300-750 K)were achieved in the samples doped with 0.10 mol Pb.These findings highlight the effectiveness of the selected dopants and demonstrate their synergy in improving the performance of thermoelectric materials.
基金financially supported by Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202306225)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(SDBX2023025)+2 种基金the leader of scientific research studio program of Jinan(grant no.2021GXRC082)the University of Jinan Disciplinary Cross-Convergence Construction Projects 2023(Nos.XKJC-202301 and XKJC-202311)Jinan City-School Integration Development Strategy Project(No.JNSX2023015 and No.JNSX2023018)
文摘SnSe is a promising thermoelectric(TE) compound that has attracted increasing attention in recent years,highlighting its advantages in wide temperature range applications.Nanocomposite material engineering provides a straightforward and practical approach to enhance the TE transport performance and mechanical strength of materials.In this study,SiC nanoparticles with varying mass percentages were incorporated into cubic SnSe-based TE materials using the wet ball milling method via mechanical activation(MA).During the rapid hotpressing sintering(HPS) process,the SiC nanoparticles dispersed at the matrix interface and effectively hindered grains growth owing to the pinning effect.The refined grains and multiple interfaces improved the hole carrier concentration(n) and enhanced the phonon scattering,which collectively optimized the electrical and thermal transport properties of cubic SnSe-based nanocomposites,thereby significantly improving the TE dimensionless figure of merit(ZT).Eventually,the sample with 1.25 wt%SiC achieved the highest ZT of ~1.14 at 750 K,which was twice that of the uncomposite sample.In terms of mechanical properties,the addition of SiC nanoparticles can effectively enhance the Vickers hardness(H_(v)) of the material,further demonstrating that this work offers an effective strategy for improving the performance of cubic SnSe-based TE materials.
文摘Recently,numerous estimation issues have been solved due to the developments in data-driven artificial neural networks(ANN)and graph neural networks(GNN).The primary limitation of previous methodologies has been the dependence on data that can be structured in a grid format.However,physiological recordings often exhibit irregular and unordered patterns,posing a significant challenge in conceptualising them as matrices.As a result,GNNs which comprise interactive nodes connected by edges whose weights are defined by anatomical junctions or temporal relationships have received a lot of consideration by leveraging implicit data that exists in a biological system.Additionally,our study incorporates a structural GNN to effectively differentiate between different degrees of infection in both the left and right hemispheres of the brain.Subsequently,demographic data are included,and a multi-task learning architecture is devised,integrating classification and regression tasks.The trials used an authentic dataset,including 800 brain x-ray pictures,consisting of 560 instances classified as moderate cases and 240 instances classified as severe cases.Based on empirical evidence,our methodology demonstrates superior performance in classification,surpassing other comparison methods with a notable achievement of 92.27%in terms of area under the curve as well as a correlation coefficient of 0.62.
基金financial support from the LabEx VOLTAIRE (ANR-10-LABX-100-01)the EquipEx PLANEX (ANR-11-EQPX-0036) projects。
文摘It was long accepted that the microgranular structure of many Ferralsols was mainly related to physicochemical processes and to their mineralogical composition. It now appears, however, that this microgranular structure originates from the burrowing activity of termites and ants. Given its importance for the physical properties of Ferralsols, it will be necessary to study the different termite and ant species responsible for this microgranular structure and the characteristics of the burrowing activity associated with species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21976106,42005092,and 42105111)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2020QD058 and ZR2021QD144)+1 种基金the Introduction and Cultivation Plan for Young Innovative Talents of Colleges and Universities by the Education Department of Shandong Province(No.142,2019)。
文摘Marine biological activity has long been recognized to impact the atmospheric chemistry of coastal areas.In this work,we monitored the seasonal variation of carbonyl compounds in the coastal city of Qingdao,located in the north of China’s coastline and the south of Jiaodong Peninsula,with the vast hinterland in the west.The mean total concentration of the 15 carbonyls varied significantly between seasons,with the highest observed in autumn(10.2±6.2 ppbv),followed by spring(9.0±3.0 ppbv),winter(6.4±4.0 ppbv)and summer(3.4±1.4 ppbv).Using bivariate analysis,the agricultural emissions from inland areas were responsible for the high levels of carbonyls in the autumn.In summer,clean and humid sea winds helped reduce the concentration of carbonyls,but they also brought air masses from vegetation,and marine organisms,which contributed to high levels of carbonyls in the spring of coastal areas.The observation-based chemistry box model found that the forma-tion of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was primarily controlled by the RO+O2 reaction,and alkenes oxidation was the main contributing factor.Based on the OH radical loss rate(LOH)and ozone formation potential(OFP)calculation,we found that autumn and spring seasons have significantly higher values of LOH and OFP than winter and summer due to the presence of high concentrations of carbonyl compounds.Therefore,it is believed that these carbonyl compounds primarily originate from agricultural activities,and marine air influences the atmospheric chemistry of the coastal areas.
基金the PhD students(M.Ali,J.Brulin,M.Landreau,T.M.H Nguyen)who have participated to this study,the different compagnies(CPM,RHI-Magnesita,Saint-Gobain,and Tata Steel),the European Commission(ATHOR project,764987 Grant)the Federation for International Refractory Research and Education which have funded it.
文摘Some refractory linings that protect metallic vessels from the hot temperature of the products they contain are made of masonries with or without mortar.The joints play an important role,reducing the stresses in the masonries during heating.Furthermore,the presence of these joints makes the behaviour of the masonry nonlinear and orthotropic.To perform a thermomechanical simulation using a finite element method of an industrial vessel that contains hundreds or thousands of bricks and joints,microscopic models are not suitable due to the high computational time and the management of the behaviour of the joints(opening/closing)which affects the convergence.To overcome these problems,it is proposed to replace the masonry by a homogeneous material that has a behaviour equivalent to the set of bricks and joints,using a periodic homogenization technique.Since the joints can be closed or open,the equivalent material will have a different behaviour according to the joint state.Furthermore,refractory materials have an elastic-viscoplastic behaviour at high temperatures.So,the equivalent material will have an orthotropic elastic-viscoplastic behaviour,requiring a nonlinear homogenisation technique.An overview of this approach developed at University of Orléans is presented with two industrial applications(blast-furnace and steel ladle).
文摘目的:比较地塞米松不同给药方式治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的疗效和安全性。方法:150例慢性分泌性中耳炎患者随机分为对照组(75例)和观察组(75例)。对照组患者于内镜下经鼓膜穿刺给予地塞米松磷酸钠注射液5 mg。观察组患者于内镜下经咽鼓管给予地塞米松磷酸钠注射液5 mg。两组均每2 d 1次,共治疗3次。观察两组患者的临床疗效,治疗前后1、2、4、8 k Hz频率骨导阈值、水通道蛋白1、水通道蛋白4水平,复发情况和鼓室积液发生情况,并记录不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患者总有效率(93.33%)显著高于对照组(80.00%),复发率、鼓室积液发生率均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者各频率骨导阈值、水通道蛋白1、水通道蛋白4水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者各频率骨导阈值水平均显著低于同组治疗前,且观察组显著低于对照组;两组患者水通道蛋白1、水通道蛋白4水平均显著高于同组治疗前,且观察组显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:内镜下经咽鼓管给予地塞米松治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎在疗效、减轻临床症状、改善各频率骨导阈值、上调水通道蛋白表达水平、降低复发和鼓室积液风险方面均显著优于经鼓膜穿刺给药,但两种给药方式的安全性相当。
文摘The base of the ICS(International Commission on Stratigraphy)Geological Time Scale was ratified in 2022 by defining a new Global Stratigraphic Standard Age(GSSA)for the lower boundary of the Hadean Eon(formerly 4000–3600 Ma);the age of the Solar System based on the oldest solids,calcium-aluminium inclusions(CAIs),generated in the protoplanetary disk.The formal GSSA for the Hadean base is the oldest reliable,weighted mean Ucorrected Pb–Pb age of 4567.30±0.16 Ma obtained for CAIs in primitive meteorites Allende and Efremovka.This age is supported by the 4568–4567 Ma U-corrected Pb–Pb ages of chondrules in Northwest African meteorites.The boundary sets an upper lifetime for the protoplanetary disk and timing of planet formation.
