The healthcare sector involves many steps to ensure efficient care for patients,such as appointment scheduling,consultation plans,online follow-up,and more.However,existing healthcare mechanisms are unable to facilita...The healthcare sector involves many steps to ensure efficient care for patients,such as appointment scheduling,consultation plans,online follow-up,and more.However,existing healthcare mechanisms are unable to facilitate a large number of patients,as these systems are centralized and hence vulnerable to various issues,including single points of failure,performance bottlenecks,and substantial monetary costs.Furthermore,these mechanisms are unable to provide an efficient mechanism for saving data against unauthorized access.To address these issues,this study proposes a blockchain-based authentication mechanism that authenticates all healthcare stakeholders based on their credentials.Furthermore,also utilize the capabilities of the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)to store the Electronic Health Record(EHR)in a distributed way.This IPFS platform addresses not only the issue of high data storage costs on blockchain but also the issue of a single point of failure in the traditional centralized data storage model.The simulation results demonstrate that our model outperforms the benchmark schemes and provides an efficient mechanism for managing healthcare sector operations.The results show that it takes approximately 3.5 s for the smart contract to authenticate the node and provide it with the decryption key,which is ultimately used to access the data.The simulation results show that our proposed model outperforms existing solutions in terms of execution time and scalability.The execution time of our model smart contract is around 9000 transactions in just 6.5 s,while benchmark schemes require approximately 7 s for the same number of transactions.展开更多
This paper conducts a comprehensive review of existing research on Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, explores the intersection of Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, and how designers can...This paper conducts a comprehensive review of existing research on Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, explores the intersection of Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, and how designers can leverage “nudges” to encourage users towards privacy-friendly choices. We analyze the limitations of rational choice in the context of privacy decision-making and identify key opportunities for integrating behavioral economics into PbD. We propose a user-centered design framework for integrating behavioral economics into PbD, which includes strategies for simplifying complex choices, making privacy visible, providing feedback and control, and testing and iterating. Our analysis highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of user behavior and decision-making in the context of privacy, and demonstrates the potential of behavioral economics to inform the design of more effective PbD solutions.展开更多
Low-temperature composite insulation is commonly applied in high-temperature super-conducting apparatus while partial discharge(PD)is found to be an important indicator to reveal insulation statues.In order to extract...Low-temperature composite insulation is commonly applied in high-temperature super-conducting apparatus while partial discharge(PD)is found to be an important indicator to reveal insulation statues.In order to extract feature parameters of PD signals more effectively,a method combined variational mode decomposition with multi-scale entropy and image feature is proposed.Based on the simulated test platform,original and noisy signals of three typical PD defects were obtained and decomposed.Accordingly,relative moments and grayscale co-occurrence matrix were employed for feature extraction by K-modal component diagram.Afterwards,new PD feature vectors were obtained by dimension reduction.Finally,effectiveness of different feature extraction methods was evaluated by pattern recognition based on support vector machine and K-nearest neighbour.Result shows that the proposed feature extraction method has a higher recognition rate by comparison and is robust in processing noisy signals.展开更多
Complex field modulation(CFM)has found a plethora of applications in physics,biomedicine,and instrumentation.Among existing methods,superpixel-based CFM has been increasingly featured because of its advantages in high...Complex field modulation(CFM)has found a plethora of applications in physics,biomedicine,and instrumentation.Among existing methods,superpixel-based CFM has been increasingly featured because of its advantages in high modulation accuracy and its compatibility with high-speed spatial light modulators(SLMs).Nonetheless,the mainstream approach based on binary-amplitude modulation confronts limitations in optical efficiency and dynamic range.To surmount these challenges,we develop binary phase-engraved(BiPE)superpixel-based CFM and implement it using the phase light modulator(PLM)—a new micro-electromechanical system-based SLM undergoing development by Texas Instruments in recent years.Using BiPE superpixels,we demonstrate highaccuracy spatial amplitude and phase modulation at up to 1.44 kHz.To showcase its broad utility,we apply BiPEsuperpixel-based CFM to beam shaping,high-speed projection,and augmented-reality display.展开更多
提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的物品矢量检测识别方法:ACDet(self-attention and concatenation based detector),旨在解决照度变化下密集无序药品包装轮廓的高效检测问题。该方法采用组合图像增强技术提升模型学习物品外观特征的能力,...提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的物品矢量检测识别方法:ACDet(self-attention and concatenation based detector),旨在解决照度变化下密集无序药品包装轮廓的高效检测问题。该方法采用组合图像增强技术提升模型学习物品外观特征的能力,对计算模块C2F-A(C2F with attention)采用多条梯度流输出来进行多维度的强化自我注意力增强,包括特征维度和空间维度。设计的WConcat(weighted concatenation)模块可以对不同层次的特征图进行加权拼接并捕捉更关键的特征图,从而使网络具备更好的认知能力。在医药案例数据集(cancer pathological and pharmaceutical dataset,CPPD)实验中实现了81.0%的mAP(mean average precision),79.5%的Smoot hmAP,平均领先其他YOLO(you only look once)架构的模型5.5%~16.6%,在公开数据集平均领先0.7%~6.9%。同时,零样本测试中复核成功率达到99.9%。研究结果显示,ACDet能克服复杂检测场景难题,实现网络鲁棒性提升及轻量化,为工业智能化生产提供了技术支持。展开更多
This is the second part of a two-part paper on stability study of data center power systems by impedance-based methods.As the basis for this application,Part I[1]developed new impedance models for power supplies that ...This is the second part of a two-part paper on stability study of data center power systems by impedance-based methods.As the basis for this application,Part I[1]developed new impedance models for power supplies that are the most dominant loads in data centers.This second part presents system modeling and analysis methods that can support practical data center power system design to ensure stability.The proposed methods comprise:1)building distribution network modeling by impedance scaling;2)system modeling and model reduction based on equivalent source impedance;3)system stability analysis in the sequence domain to include zero-sequence dynamics;and 4)expansion of system models and analyses to account for network asymmetry and uneven loading.These methods are used to characterize practical resonance problems observed in data centers,explain their root causes,and develop solutions.For systems using Y-connected power supply units(PSUs),the zero sequence is identified as the weakest link and the first to become unstable.The expanded system model and analysis reveal a new,differential-mode instability that is responsible for high frequency resonances.To guarantee system stability,new impedance-based product and system design specifications are developed based on sufficient conditions derived from the Nyquist stability criterion.Laboratory and field measurements are presented to substantiate the proposed methods and conclusions.展开更多
This two-part paper presents methods to predict,characterize and ensure the stability of data center power systems based on impedance analysis.The work was motivated by recent power system resonance incidents in new d...This two-part paper presents methods to predict,characterize and ensure the stability of data center power systems based on impedance analysis.The work was motivated by recent power system resonance incidents in new data centers.Part I presents new input impedance models for single-phase power supply units(PSUs)to enable this application.Existing impedance models of single-phase PSU cannot meet the requirements of this application because they exclude DC voltage control that affects system stability at low frequency,or are in a dq reference frame that cannot handle the complexity of data center power systems.The developed new models include DC bus dynamics and are directly in the phase domain to simplify system stability analysis,avoiding the need for multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO)system models and the generalized Nyquist criterion that are difficult to apply but necessary with dq-frame models.Both the converter and system level models also include the coupled current response that is characteristic of AC-DC converters and important for system stability at low frequency.The simple form of the models and system stability analysis directly in the phase domain also make it possible to develop new PSU design methods and performance specifications that together will ensure the stability of new data center power systems.The developed models are validated by laboratory measurements and are used in Part II of the work to study data center power system stability.展开更多
Skin-integrated haptic interfaces that can relay a wealth of information from the machine to the human are of great interest.However,existing haptic devices are not yet able to produce haptic cues that are compatible ...Skin-integrated haptic interfaces that can relay a wealth of information from the machine to the human are of great interest.However,existing haptic devices are not yet able to produce haptic cues that are compatible with the skin.In this work,we present the stretchable soft actuators for haptic feedback,which can match the perception range,spatial resolution,and stretchability of the skin.Pressure-amplification structures are fabricated using a scalable self-assembly process to ensure an output pressure beyond the skin perception threshold.Due to the minimized device size,the actuator array can be fabricated with a sufficiently high spatial resolution,which makes the haptic device applicable for skin locations with the highest spatial acuity.A haptic feedback system is demonstrated by employing the developed soft actuators and highly sensitive pressure sensors.Two proof-ofconcept applications are developed to illustrate the capability of transferring information related to surface textures and object shapes acquired at the robot side to the user side.展开更多
Modern computer systems are increasingly bounded by the available or permissible power at multiple layers from individual components to data centers.To cope with this reality,it is necessary to understand how power bo...Modern computer systems are increasingly bounded by the available or permissible power at multiple layers from individual components to data centers.To cope with this reality,it is necessary to understand how power bounds im-pact performance,especially for systems built from high-end nodes,each consisting of multiple power hungry components.Because placing an inappropriate power bound on a node or a component can lead to severe performance loss,coordinat-ing power allocation among nodes and components is mandatory to achieve desired performance given a total power bud-get.In this article,we describe the paradigm of power bounded high-performance computing,which considers coordinated power bound assignment to be a key factor in computer system performance analysis and optimization.We apply this paradigm to the problem of power coordination across multiple layers for both CPU and GPU computing.Using several case studies,we demonstrate how the principles of balanced power coordination can be applied and adapted to the inter-play of workloads,hardware technology,and the available total power for performance improvement.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is crucial in driving scientific,technological,and industrial advancements,and it has given rise to an ambient intelligence that can potentially improve the physical execution of healthcare ...Artificial intelligence(AI)is crucial in driving scientific,technological,and industrial advancements,and it has given rise to an ambient intelligence that can potentially improve the physical execution of healthcare delivery[1,2].Among diverse advanced AI technologies,an intelligent agent with multi-parameter perception,decision-making,and execution capabilities demonstrates the potential for facilitating the development of next-generation optoelectronic devices.The intelligent agent is a physical or abstract entity that acts autonomously,perceives and interacts with its environment,and communicates with other agents[3].It could perceive dynamic environmental conditions,execute actions,and make appropriate decisions.Fabric emerges as an ideal carrier for human-centered intelligent agents,providing various properties such as perceptibility,adaptability,and wearability.Intelligent fabric,known for its unique functionality,has attracted considerable attention from academia and industry.In 2014,Germany proposed a national strategy called FutureTEX to upgrade the entire textile industry by promoting integration between textiles and other fields.Two years later,the United States announced the establishment of the Revolutionary Fibers and Textiles Manufacturing Innovation Institute,which intends to accelerate the revival of fabric manufacturing.Compared with conventional fibers,revolutionary fibers focus on the design of multiple materials and structures,enabling the integration of various functionalities into a single fiber.Particularly in the United States,the advent of the digital revolution,advancements in Internet of Things technology,and mature fiber technology significantly boost the development of the intelligent fiber industry.Notable commercial applications of intelligent fibers are gradually emerging.Project Jacquard,a collaborative effort by Google and Levi’s,presents an intelligent jacket that combines the washability and texture of standard fabrics with the interactive functionalities of electronic products.Apple Inc.has developed intelligent garments,accessories,and household items with capabilities to“read”physiological indicators such as weight,body temperature,and sedentary duration on sofas.展开更多
基金supported by the Ongoing Research Funding program(ORF-2025-636),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The healthcare sector involves many steps to ensure efficient care for patients,such as appointment scheduling,consultation plans,online follow-up,and more.However,existing healthcare mechanisms are unable to facilitate a large number of patients,as these systems are centralized and hence vulnerable to various issues,including single points of failure,performance bottlenecks,and substantial monetary costs.Furthermore,these mechanisms are unable to provide an efficient mechanism for saving data against unauthorized access.To address these issues,this study proposes a blockchain-based authentication mechanism that authenticates all healthcare stakeholders based on their credentials.Furthermore,also utilize the capabilities of the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)to store the Electronic Health Record(EHR)in a distributed way.This IPFS platform addresses not only the issue of high data storage costs on blockchain but also the issue of a single point of failure in the traditional centralized data storage model.The simulation results demonstrate that our model outperforms the benchmark schemes and provides an efficient mechanism for managing healthcare sector operations.The results show that it takes approximately 3.5 s for the smart contract to authenticate the node and provide it with the decryption key,which is ultimately used to access the data.The simulation results show that our proposed model outperforms existing solutions in terms of execution time and scalability.The execution time of our model smart contract is around 9000 transactions in just 6.5 s,while benchmark schemes require approximately 7 s for the same number of transactions.
文摘This paper conducts a comprehensive review of existing research on Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, explores the intersection of Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, and how designers can leverage “nudges” to encourage users towards privacy-friendly choices. We analyze the limitations of rational choice in the context of privacy decision-making and identify key opportunities for integrating behavioral economics into PbD. We propose a user-centered design framework for integrating behavioral economics into PbD, which includes strategies for simplifying complex choices, making privacy visible, providing feedback and control, and testing and iterating. Our analysis highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of user behavior and decision-making in the context of privacy, and demonstrates the potential of behavioral economics to inform the design of more effective PbD solutions.
基金Chongqing Natural Science Fund,Grant/Award Number:cstc2018jcyjAX0295Chongqing Education Commission,Grant/Award Number:KJQN202001146National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52177129。
文摘Low-temperature composite insulation is commonly applied in high-temperature super-conducting apparatus while partial discharge(PD)is found to be an important indicator to reveal insulation statues.In order to extract feature parameters of PD signals more effectively,a method combined variational mode decomposition with multi-scale entropy and image feature is proposed.Based on the simulated test platform,original and noisy signals of three typical PD defects were obtained and decomposed.Accordingly,relative moments and grayscale co-occurrence matrix were employed for feature extraction by K-modal component diagram.Afterwards,new PD feature vectors were obtained by dimension reduction.Finally,effectiveness of different feature extraction methods was evaluated by pattern recognition based on support vector machine and K-nearest neighbour.Result shows that the proposed feature extraction method has a higher recognition rate by comparison and is robust in processing noisy signals.
基金supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Grant Nos.RGPIN-2024-05551,ALLRP 592389-23)the Canada Research Chairs Program(Grant No.CRC-2022-00119)the Fonds de Recherche du Québec–Nature et Technologies(Grant Nos.203345–Centre d’Optique,Photonique,et Lasers).
文摘Complex field modulation(CFM)has found a plethora of applications in physics,biomedicine,and instrumentation.Among existing methods,superpixel-based CFM has been increasingly featured because of its advantages in high modulation accuracy and its compatibility with high-speed spatial light modulators(SLMs).Nonetheless,the mainstream approach based on binary-amplitude modulation confronts limitations in optical efficiency and dynamic range.To surmount these challenges,we develop binary phase-engraved(BiPE)superpixel-based CFM and implement it using the phase light modulator(PLM)—a new micro-electromechanical system-based SLM undergoing development by Texas Instruments in recent years.Using BiPE superpixels,we demonstrate highaccuracy spatial amplitude and phase modulation at up to 1.44 kHz.To showcase its broad utility,we apply BiPEsuperpixel-based CFM to beam shaping,high-speed projection,and augmented-reality display.
文摘提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的物品矢量检测识别方法:ACDet(self-attention and concatenation based detector),旨在解决照度变化下密集无序药品包装轮廓的高效检测问题。该方法采用组合图像增强技术提升模型学习物品外观特征的能力,对计算模块C2F-A(C2F with attention)采用多条梯度流输出来进行多维度的强化自我注意力增强,包括特征维度和空间维度。设计的WConcat(weighted concatenation)模块可以对不同层次的特征图进行加权拼接并捕捉更关键的特征图,从而使网络具备更好的认知能力。在医药案例数据集(cancer pathological and pharmaceutical dataset,CPPD)实验中实现了81.0%的mAP(mean average precision),79.5%的Smoot hmAP,平均领先其他YOLO(you only look once)架构的模型5.5%~16.6%,在公开数据集平均领先0.7%~6.9%。同时,零样本测试中复核成功率达到99.9%。研究结果显示,ACDet能克服复杂检测场景难题,实现网络鲁棒性提升及轻量化,为工业智能化生产提供了技术支持。
文摘This is the second part of a two-part paper on stability study of data center power systems by impedance-based methods.As the basis for this application,Part I[1]developed new impedance models for power supplies that are the most dominant loads in data centers.This second part presents system modeling and analysis methods that can support practical data center power system design to ensure stability.The proposed methods comprise:1)building distribution network modeling by impedance scaling;2)system modeling and model reduction based on equivalent source impedance;3)system stability analysis in the sequence domain to include zero-sequence dynamics;and 4)expansion of system models and analyses to account for network asymmetry and uneven loading.These methods are used to characterize practical resonance problems observed in data centers,explain their root causes,and develop solutions.For systems using Y-connected power supply units(PSUs),the zero sequence is identified as the weakest link and the first to become unstable.The expanded system model and analysis reveal a new,differential-mode instability that is responsible for high frequency resonances.To guarantee system stability,new impedance-based product and system design specifications are developed based on sufficient conditions derived from the Nyquist stability criterion.Laboratory and field measurements are presented to substantiate the proposed methods and conclusions.
文摘This two-part paper presents methods to predict,characterize and ensure the stability of data center power systems based on impedance analysis.The work was motivated by recent power system resonance incidents in new data centers.Part I presents new input impedance models for single-phase power supply units(PSUs)to enable this application.Existing impedance models of single-phase PSU cannot meet the requirements of this application because they exclude DC voltage control that affects system stability at low frequency,or are in a dq reference frame that cannot handle the complexity of data center power systems.The developed new models include DC bus dynamics and are directly in the phase domain to simplify system stability analysis,avoiding the need for multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO)system models and the generalized Nyquist criterion that are difficult to apply but necessary with dq-frame models.Both the converter and system level models also include the coupled current response that is characteristic of AC-DC converters and important for system stability at low frequency.The simple form of the models and system stability analysis directly in the phase domain also make it possible to develop new PSU design methods and performance specifications that together will ensure the stability of new data center power systems.The developed models are validated by laboratory measurements and are used in Part II of the work to study data center power system stability.
文摘Skin-integrated haptic interfaces that can relay a wealth of information from the machine to the human are of great interest.However,existing haptic devices are not yet able to produce haptic cues that are compatible with the skin.In this work,we present the stretchable soft actuators for haptic feedback,which can match the perception range,spatial resolution,and stretchability of the skin.Pressure-amplification structures are fabricated using a scalable self-assembly process to ensure an output pressure beyond the skin perception threshold.Due to the minimized device size,the actuator array can be fabricated with a sufficiently high spatial resolution,which makes the haptic device applicable for skin locations with the highest spatial acuity.A haptic feedback system is demonstrated by employing the developed soft actuators and highly sensitive pressure sensors.Two proof-ofconcept applications are developed to illustrate the capability of transferring information related to surface textures and object shapes acquired at the robot side to the user side.
基金supported in part by the U.S.National Science Foundation under Grant Nos.CCF-1551511 and CNS-1551262.
文摘Modern computer systems are increasingly bounded by the available or permissible power at multiple layers from individual components to data centers.To cope with this reality,it is necessary to understand how power bounds im-pact performance,especially for systems built from high-end nodes,each consisting of multiple power hungry components.Because placing an inappropriate power bound on a node or a component can lead to severe performance loss,coordinat-ing power allocation among nodes and components is mandatory to achieve desired performance given a total power bud-get.In this article,we describe the paradigm of power bounded high-performance computing,which considers coordinated power bound assignment to be a key factor in computer system performance analysis and optimization.We apply this paradigm to the problem of power coordination across multiple layers for both CPU and GPU computing.Using several case studies,we demonstrate how the principles of balanced power coordination can be applied and adapted to the inter-play of workloads,hardware technology,and the available total power for performance improvement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2425018 and 62175082 to Guangming Tao,and 62371138 to Cuiwei Yang)the Interdisciplinary Research Program of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(2023JCYJ039 to Guangming Tao)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3805800 to Chong Hou)The Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(2023083 to Ning Zhou)Huazhong University of Science and Technology Double First-Class Funds for Humanities and Social Sciences(Sports Industry Research Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731184 to Maiping Yang).
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is crucial in driving scientific,technological,and industrial advancements,and it has given rise to an ambient intelligence that can potentially improve the physical execution of healthcare delivery[1,2].Among diverse advanced AI technologies,an intelligent agent with multi-parameter perception,decision-making,and execution capabilities demonstrates the potential for facilitating the development of next-generation optoelectronic devices.The intelligent agent is a physical or abstract entity that acts autonomously,perceives and interacts with its environment,and communicates with other agents[3].It could perceive dynamic environmental conditions,execute actions,and make appropriate decisions.Fabric emerges as an ideal carrier for human-centered intelligent agents,providing various properties such as perceptibility,adaptability,and wearability.Intelligent fabric,known for its unique functionality,has attracted considerable attention from academia and industry.In 2014,Germany proposed a national strategy called FutureTEX to upgrade the entire textile industry by promoting integration between textiles and other fields.Two years later,the United States announced the establishment of the Revolutionary Fibers and Textiles Manufacturing Innovation Institute,which intends to accelerate the revival of fabric manufacturing.Compared with conventional fibers,revolutionary fibers focus on the design of multiple materials and structures,enabling the integration of various functionalities into a single fiber.Particularly in the United States,the advent of the digital revolution,advancements in Internet of Things technology,and mature fiber technology significantly boost the development of the intelligent fiber industry.Notable commercial applications of intelligent fibers are gradually emerging.Project Jacquard,a collaborative effort by Google and Levi’s,presents an intelligent jacket that combines the washability and texture of standard fabrics with the interactive functionalities of electronic products.Apple Inc.has developed intelligent garments,accessories,and household items with capabilities to“read”physiological indicators such as weight,body temperature,and sedentary duration on sofas.
