Rechargeable magnesium-metal batteries(RMMBs)are promising next-generation secondary batteries;however,their development is inhibited by the low capacity and short cycle lifespan of cathodes.Although various strategie...Rechargeable magnesium-metal batteries(RMMBs)are promising next-generation secondary batteries;however,their development is inhibited by the low capacity and short cycle lifespan of cathodes.Although various strategies have been devised to enhance the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics and structural stability of cathodes,they fail to improve electronic conductivity,rendering the cathodes incompatible with magnesium-metal anodes.Herein,we propose a dual-defect engineering strategy,namely,the incorporation of Mg^(2+)pre-intercalation defect(P-Mgd)and oxygen defect(Od),to simultaneously improve the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics,structural stability,and electronic conductivity of the cathodes of RMMBs.Using lamellar V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O as a demo cathode material,we prepare a cathode comprising Mg_(0.07)V_(2)O_(5)·1.4H_(2)O nanobelts composited with reduced graphene oxide(MVOH/rGO)with P-Mgd and Od.The Od enlarges interlayer spacing,accelerates Mg^(2+)migration kinetics,and prevents structural collapse,while the P-Mgd stabilizes the lamellar structure and increases electronic conductivity.Consequently,the MVOH/rGO cathode exhibits a high capacity of 197 mAh g^(−1),and the developed Mg foil//MVOH/rGO full cell demonstrates an incredible lifespan of 850 cycles at 0.1 A g^(−1),capable of powering a light-emitting diode.The proposed dual-defect engineering strategy provides new insights into developing high-durability,high-capacity cathodes,advancing the practical application of RMMBs,and other new secondary batteries.展开更多
Although doped hole-transport materials(HTMs)off er an effi ciency benefi t for perovskite solar cells(PSCs),they inevi-tably diminish the stability.Here,we describe the use of various chlorinated small molecules,spec...Although doped hole-transport materials(HTMs)off er an effi ciency benefi t for perovskite solar cells(PSCs),they inevi-tably diminish the stability.Here,we describe the use of various chlorinated small molecules,specifi cally fl uorenone-triphenylamine(FO-TPA)-x-Cl[x=para,meta,and ortho(p,m,and o)],with diff erent chlorine-substituent positions,as dopant-free HTMs for PSCs.These chlorinated molecules feature a symmetrical donor-acceptor-donor structure and ideal intramolecular charge transfer properties,allowing for self-doping and the establishment of built-in potentials for improving charge extraction.Highly effi cient hole-transfer interfaces are constructed between perovskites and these HTMs by strategi-cally modifying the chlorine substitution.Thus,the chlorinated HTM-derived inverted PSCs exhibited superior effi ciencies and air stabilities.Importantly,the dopant-free HTM FO-TPA-o-Cl not only attains a power conversion effi ciency of 20.82% but also demonstrates exceptional stability,retaining 93.8%of its initial effi ciency even after a 30-day aging test conducted under ambient air conditions in PSCs without encapsulation.These fi ndings underscore the critical role of chlorine-substituent regulation in HTMs in ensuring the formation and maintenance of effi cient and stable PSCs.展开更多
The effect of Cl^(–)and SO_(4)^(2–)on corrosion behavior of pure copper in simulated groundwater was investigated by electrochemical testing techniques,scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-r...The effect of Cl^(–)and SO_(4)^(2–)on corrosion behavior of pure copper in simulated groundwater was investigated by electrochemical testing techniques,scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction in 0.1 mol/L NaHCO_(3)solutions.The results indicate that increasing Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)reduces the corrosion resistance of Cu.Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)can promote anodic dissolution of Cu and deteriorate the passivation property.The breakdown potential(Eb)of Cu decreases with the increase in Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–).With the increase in immersion time,the polarization resistance in different solutions tends to be stable.After 55 days,polarization resistance(Rp)was almost equal in 0 and 0.01 mol/L Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)solutions.In 0.05 mol/L Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2−)solution,Rp was lower.HCO3–has a certain corrosion effect on Cu and the pits size increased with the increase in Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–).The corrosion products(Cu_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3))and CuO were detected in solutions without or at low Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)contents.The corrosion product after immersion in the solution containing 0.05 mol/L Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)was Cu_(2)O.展开更多
This paper discusses about the purity of strengthened pure platinum wire and the development method of platinum micro wire, in order to solve the difficulties of low tensile strength, easy to break, and low rate of mi...This paper discusses about the purity of strengthened pure platinum wire and the development method of platinum micro wire, in order to solve the difficulties of low tensile strength, easy to break, and low rate of micro wire. And it contrasts some performance of strengthened pure platinum wire and sponge Pt wire. The researches draw a conclusion that the thermoelectric properties of strengthened pure platinum micro wire was in accordance with national standards and satisfied users' requirements.展开更多
The mitigation of sulphation and parasitic hydrogen evolution is considered as prominent research emphasis for the development of lead-carbon batteries(LCBs)in large-scale energy storage applications.Here,cooperative ...The mitigation of sulphation and parasitic hydrogen evolution is considered as prominent research emphasis for the development of lead-carbon batteries(LCBs)in large-scale energy storage applications.Here,cooperative Pb-C composites consisting of single atom Pb and carbon-encapsulated PbO nanoparticles were prepared by freeze-drying technique and pyrolytic reduction to address above obstacles.The innovative use of Pb^(2+)to cross-link sodium alginate enabled a uniform distribution of Pb in the composites,generating Pb-C-PbO three-phase heterostructure.Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations revealed the synergistic interactions between single-atom Pb and PbO nanoparticles in suppressing parasitic hydrogen evolution and promoting the adsorption of Pb atoms.The presence of monatomic Pb and PbO enhanced the affinity of the composites for the negative active materials and facilitated the transformation of the active materials from bulk into spherical shapes to enhance the specific surface area,thereby counteracting sulphation.Through the coordinated integration of various functionalities offered by Pb@C-x,the cycle life of the battery at HRPSoC reaches 7025 cycles,which is two times for LCB with pure carbon materials.Additionally,the discharge capacity increased from 3.52 to 3.79 Ah.This study provides substantial insights into the construction of Pb-C composites for LCBs to inhibit negative sulphation and hydrogen evolution.展开更多
The activated carbons from coal were treated by HNO3 （named as NAC） and used as carriers to load 7% Ce （named as Ce（0.07）/NAC） by impregnation method. The physical and chemical properties were investigated by th...The activated carbons from coal were treated by HNO3 （named as NAC） and used as carriers to load 7% Ce （named as Ce（0.07）/NAC） by impregnation method. The physical and chemical properties were investigated by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis （TG-DTA）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectra （XPS）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and NH3-temperature programmed desorption （NH3-TPD） and NO-temperature programmed desorption techniques. The catalytic activities of Ce（0.07）/NAC were evaluated for the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with C3H6 using temperature-programmed reaction （TP-reaction） in NO, C3H6, 02 and N2 as a balance. The results showed that the specific surface area of Ce（0.07）/NAC was 850.8 m2/g and less than NAC, but Ce oxides could be dispersed highly on the acti- vated carbons. Ce oxides could change acid sites and NO adsorption as well as oxygen-containing functional groups of activated car- bons, and Ce4＋ and Ce〉 coexisted in catalysts. The conversion of NO with C3H6 achieved 70% at 280 ~C over Ce（0.07）/NAC, but with the increase of 02 concentration, heat accumulation and nonselective combustion were exacerbated, which could cause surface ashing and roughness, resulting in a sharp decrease of catalytic activities. The optimum 02 concentration used in the reaction system was 3% and achieved the high conversion of NO and the widest temperature window. The conversion of NO was closely related to the NO concentrations and [NO]/[C3H6] ratios, and the stoichiometric number was just close to 2：1, but the presence of H20 could af- fect the denitration efficiency of catalyst.展开更多
Pd/Ce0.8Zro.202 catalysts modified by cobalt were prepared by a sequential impregnation method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, N2 adsorption/desorption （Brunauer-Emmet-Teller）, oxygen storage ...Pd/Ce0.8Zro.202 catalysts modified by cobalt were prepared by a sequential impregnation method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, N2 adsorption/desorption （Brunauer-Emmet-Teller）, oxygen storage capacity （OSC）, CO-chemisorption, H2-temperature-programmed reduction （H2-TPR） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The effect of Co on the performance of methanol decomposition was eval- uated at a fixed-bed microreactor. The results showed that the addition of Co can improve the oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst and the dispersion of Pd. XPS results indicated that Pd was in a partly oxidized （Pd6＋, 1〈8〈2） state and Co2＋ was present in Pd catalysts modified by Co. A 90% conversion of methanol was achieved at around 280 ℃ over Pd-Co/Ceo.8Zro.202 catalyst which was 20 ℃ lower than that over Pd/Ceo.sZro.202, indicating that both pd6＋and Co2＋ play an important role in improving the catalytic activity of methanol decomposition.展开更多
Hydrothermal deactivation is a constant chal-lenge in commercial catalytic process aimed at NOx emission control,which may be observed in the low(150-400℃)or high(400-550℃)-reaction regions.To the best of our knowle...Hydrothermal deactivation is a constant chal-lenge in commercial catalytic process aimed at NOx emission control,which may be observed in the low(150-400℃)or high(400-550℃)-reaction regions.To the best of our knowledge,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the correlation between the reaction sites and the mechanism of hydrothermal degradation at various reaction regions.For a targeted investigation of this,Cu/zeolite catalysts have been prepared using different amounts of polyvinyl alcohol for adjusting their redox and acid properties.These catalysts exhibit hydrothermal deactivation in different reaction regions.No change is observed in the reaction mechanism even with hydrother-mal deactivation,but various reaction sites determine the performance deterioration in the low-and high-reaction regions.The redox properties and weak acid sites affect the hydrothermal deactivation in the low-reaction region,whereas the moderate/strong acid sites related to the structure mainly influence the hydrothermal deactivation in the high-reaction region.This work provides several the-oretical insights for optimizing the hydrothermal stabilities of Cu/zeolite catalysts.展开更多
The Hedgehog(Hh) signalling pathway is essential for cellular proliferation and differentiation during embryonic development.Gain and loss of function of Hh signalling are known to result in an array of craniofacial m...The Hedgehog(Hh) signalling pathway is essential for cellular proliferation and differentiation during embryonic development.Gain and loss of function of Hh signalling are known to result in an array of craniofacial malformations. To determine the critical period for Hh pathway antagonist-induced frontal bone hypoplasia, we examined patterns of dysmorphology caused by Hh signalling inhibition. Pregnant mice received a single oral administration of Hh signalling inhibitor GDC-0449 at 100 or 150 mg·kg^(-1) body weight at preselected time points between embryonic days(E)8.5 and 12.5. The optimal teratogenic concentration of GDC-0449 was determined to be 150 mg·kg^(-1). Exposure between E9.5 and E10.5 induced frontal bone dysplasia, micrognathia and limb defects, with administration at E10.5 producing the most pronounced effects. This model showed decreased ossification of the frontal bone with downregulation of Hh signalling. The osteoid thickness of the frontal bone was significantly reduced. The amount of neural crest-derived frontal bone primordium was reduced after GDC-0449 exposure owing to a decreased rate of cell proliferation and increased cell death.展开更多
Low carbon Al2O3 - C refractories specimens were prepared with tabular alumina （3. 0 - 1.0, 1.0 - 0. 5, 0.6-0.2, ≤0.3, ≤0. 045 and ≤0. 02 mm）, active alumina micropowder （≤2 μm ） and silicon （ 〈≤0. 045 mm ...Low carbon Al2O3 - C refractories specimens were prepared with tabular alumina （3. 0 - 1.0, 1.0 - 0. 5, 0.6-0.2, ≤0.3, ≤0. 045 and ≤0. 02 mm）, active alumina micropowder （≤2 μm ） and silicon （ 〈≤0. 045 mm ） as main raw materials. Nano carbon black （N220） and natural graphite flake （ 〈≤0. 074 mm ） were adopted as the carbon sources. The specimens were treated at 800, 1 000, 1 200 and 1 400 ℃ under coke embedded atmosphere. The effects of additions of nano carbon black and graphite flake on mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of the specimens were stud- ied. Their mechanical properties were measured by three- point bending test and thermal shock resistance was de- termined by water quenching method. The phase compo- sition of the specimens was analyzed with X-ray diffrac- tion and microstruetures were observed through FESEM. The results reveal that： （1） the strengths of A1203 - C refractories with these two carbon sources show no big differences when coked at lower than 1 000 ℃ ; when coked at over 1 200 ℃ , the strengths of the specimens with graphite added are much higher than those of the specimens containing carbon black due to much more sil- icon carbide whiskers formed; （2） since the nano carbon black has small particle size, they can be filled into in- terstice of Al2O3 particles to form the nano carbon net- work structure, absorbing and relieving the thermal stressgenerated from expansion and contraction and reducing the thermal expansion coefficient of the specimens, thus their thermal shock resistance is better than that of the specimens containing graphite ; （ 3 ） low carbon Al2 O3 - C refractories with good mechanical properties and excellent thermal shock resistance can be prepared with combi- nation of nano carbon black and graphite flake.展开更多
Recently,NO_x emissions in the cold-start period have been a great challenge in eliminating diesel vehicle exhaust.In this study,a type of NO_x adsorption-selective catalytic reduction(AdSCR)bifunctional catalyst was ...Recently,NO_x emissions in the cold-start period have been a great challenge in eliminating diesel vehicle exhaust.In this study,a type of NO_x adsorption-selective catalytic reduction(AdSCR)bifunctional catalyst was developed to remove NO_x in the cold-start period by constructing additional NO_x adsorption sites on the surface of the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH_(3) catalyst.The AdSCR catalyst exhibited both NO_x adsorption-storage performance and NH_(3)-SCR activity.The amount of oxygen vacancies directly affected the adsorption performance of NO_x on the catalyst surface.In this study,H_(2)O_(2)with different pH values was employed to adjust the electronic structure of the CeZrO_(2) support and construct oxygen vacancies on the surface of CeZrO_(2),which contributed to improving NO_x adsorption and storage on the WO_(3)/CeZrO_(2)(W/CZ)catalyst below 200℃.The catalytic performance results show that CZ supports modified by alkaline H_(2)O_(2) rather than acidic and neutral H_(2)O_(2) significantly improve the NO_x adsorption capacity without decreasing the NH3-SCR activity.The characterization results show that the CZ support modified by alkaline H_(2)O_(2)possesses more surface oxygen vacancies and chemisorbed oxygen than CZ supports modified by acidic and neutral H_(2)O_(2).Oxygen vacancies are not only the active sites of NH_(3)-SCR,but also the active sites of NO_x adsorption.Therefore,the W/CZ catalyst modified by alkaline H_(2)O_(2)exhibited an excellent AdSCR performance.This study proposes a novel perspective to address the issue of NO_x emissions from diesel vehicles during the cold start period.展开更多
One new polyoxometalate （POM）-based inorganic-organic hybrid [Cdn3~HPO4）（Hbpp）（H20）2]{CdII[P4_ Mo6028H3.s（OH）312}.（H4tpb）.7H20 （1） （bpp = 1,3-bis-（4-pyridyl）propane, tpb = 1,2,4,5-tetra（4-pyridyl）- b...One new polyoxometalate （POM）-based inorganic-organic hybrid [Cdn3~HPO4）（Hbpp）（H20）2]{CdII[P4_ Mo6028H3.s（OH）312}.（H4tpb）.7H20 （1） （bpp = 1,3-bis-（4-pyridyl）propane, tpb = 1,2,4,5-tetra（4-pyridyl）- benzene） constructed from reduced molybdophosphate [P4Mo6028H3.5（OH）3]s＇5- （P4Mo6）, trinuclear Cdn-phosphate-Hbpp fragment and protonated tpb has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by IR, elemental analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the space group P21]c and cell parameters of a=15.672（12）A, b=23.839（19）A, c=27.654（2）,~, fl=115.850（10）~, V=9297.9（12） ~3, Z=4, R1 ~0.0534 and wR2 ~0.1135. In complex 1, the P4Mo6 units are bridged by CdII ions to form the classic sandwich-type [Cd（P4Mo6）2] dimers, which are further connected into a two dimensional network via the trinuclear Cdn subunits. The tpb is synthesized in situ from the bpp ligands and connects the adjacent 2D layers into a 3D supramolecular framework through hydrogen bonding interactions. The electrochemical and fluorescent properties of complex 1 have been investigated.展开更多
Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation reactions are largely governed by the efficiency of charge separation and subsequent reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Herein, we report a polarization engineering strategy to p...Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation reactions are largely governed by the efficiency of charge separation and subsequent reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Herein, we report a polarization engineering strategy to promote the charge separation and ROS generation efficiency by substituting the benzene unit with furan/thiophene in porous organic polymers(POPs). Benefiting from the extent of local polarization, the thiophene-containing POP(JNU-218) exhibits the best photocatalytic performance in aerobic oxidation reactions, with a yield much higher than those for the furan-containing POP(JNU-217) and the benzenecontaining POP(JNU-216). Experimental studies and theoretical calculations reveal that the increase of local polarization can indeed reduce the exciton binding energy, and therefore facilitate the separation of electron-hole pairs. This work demonstrates a viable strategy to tune charge separation and ROS generation efficiency by modulating the dipole moments of the building blocks in porous polymeric organic semiconductors.展开更多
This study investigates the influence of melt temperature on the structure and mechanical properties of[Fe_(0.25)Co_(0.25)Ni_(0.25)(Si_(0.3)B_(0.7))_(0.25)]_(99.7)Cu_(0.3) high-entropy bulk metallic glasses(HE-BMGs).S...This study investigates the influence of melt temperature on the structure and mechanical properties of[Fe_(0.25)Co_(0.25)Ni_(0.25)(Si_(0.3)B_(0.7))_(0.25)]_(99.7)Cu_(0.3) high-entropy bulk metallic glasses(HE-BMGs).Samples were prepared at varying melt temperatures(1423,1523,1573,and 1623 K)using the J-quenching technique.The results reveal that melt temperature significantly affects the atomic arrangement structures,which in turn impacts plasticity and thermal stability.At a lower melt temperature(1423 K),crystal-like clusters form,leading to poor plasticity due to stress concentrations.In contrast,melt temperatures within an optimal range(1523-1573 K)promote a more uniform distribution of soft and hard zones,enhancing plastic deformation.Specifically,the sample prepared in 1573 K melt temperature exhibited the best plasticity,attributed to favorable structural nonuniformity and an increased proportion of soft zones.However,at a higher melt temperature(1623 K),excessive superheating resulted in the formation of large Cu clusters,which enhanced strength but compromised plasticity due to stress concentrations.This work provides a comprehensive understanding of how melt temperature controls microstructural evolution and its influence on the mechanical properties of HE-BMGs,offering valuable insights for optimizing their preparation.展开更多
The issue of water molecule activity in aqueous zinc-ion batteries presents a significant challenge.During the charging and discharging process,the strong polarity of water molecules tends to cause the dissolution of ...The issue of water molecule activity in aqueous zinc-ion batteries presents a significant challenge.During the charging and discharging process,the strong polarity of water molecules tends to cause the dissolution of cathode materials,which reduces the cycle stability and specific capacity,consequently limiting the practical application of zinc-ion batteries.In this work,hydroxypropylβ-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD),a special stereo cyclic organic molecule with hydrophobic inner cavity and hydrophilic outer cavity,is used as the intercalator for hydrated vanadium oxide(VOH)to enlarge the layer spacing and enhance the hydrophobicity of the cathode material.The larger interlayer spacing(13.9Å)of HP-β-CD-VOH is beneficial for improving ion mobility and the intrinsic electrochemical reaction kinetics.HP-β-CD-VOH delivers a discharge capacity of 336.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2 A g^(-1)and high-rate capability(242 mAh g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)).Due to the hydrophobic property of HP-β-CD in the interlayer pillar,the vanadium dissolution effect of polar water molecules can be reduced during charge and discharge;HP-β-CDVOH demonstrates sustained high efficiency and extended cycle longevity,maintaining a remarkable durability of 6000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g^(-1).This study presents an effective strategy for developing high-performance aqueous zinc-ion battery cathode materials.展开更多
A series of CexZr1-xO2(0 B x B 1)with different molar ratios of Ce/Zr were syhthesized via coprecipitation method,and Fe2O3-WO3/CexZr1-xO2monolithic catalysts were prepared for selective catalytic reduction of nitroge...A series of CexZr1-xO2(0 B x B 1)with different molar ratios of Ce/Zr were syhthesized via coprecipitation method,and Fe2O3-WO3/CexZr1-xO2monolithic catalysts were prepared for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by ammonia(NH3-SCR).The structural properties and redox behavior of the catalysts were comprehensively characterized by N2physisorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectra(XPS),H2-temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR)and activity measurement for NH3-SCR.The results showed that the NH3-SCR activities of the catalysts were gradually enhanced by increasing the molar ratios of Ce/Zr,especially the lowtemperature catalytic activity and the reaction temperature window.Fe2O3-WO3/Ce0.68Zr0.32O2monolithic catalyst presented the best NH3-SCR activity among the investigated catalysts,more than 90%NOxcould be removed in the temperature range of 247–454°C on the catalyst under the gas hourly space velocities of 30,000 h-1.And it always held more than 99%N2selectivity and less than 20 ppm(1 ppm=10-6L/L)N2O generation concentration between 200 and500°C,the catalyst also displayed its strong resistance of H2O and SO2.Good textural and structural properties,more surface Fe,Ce and active oxygen were together contributed to the excellent NH3-SCR performance of Fe2O3-WO3/Ce0.68Zr0.32O2catalyst.展开更多
In recent years,a novel PEDOT:PSS/n-Si planar heterojunction solar cell has been extensively studied in the photovoltaic field.Different V_(2)O_(5)-IPA concentrations mixed in PEDOT:PSS samples as hole transport layer...In recent years,a novel PEDOT:PSS/n-Si planar heterojunction solar cell has been extensively studied in the photovoltaic field.Different V_(2)O_(5)-IPA concentrations mixed in PEDOT:PSS samples as hole transport layer were prepared by means of spin coating technique and mechanical mixing of organic and inorganic materials.V_(2)O_(5)was studied for its effects on the surface morphology,chemical composition,and optical transmittance of PEDOT:PSS films.The findings of the study show that the addition of V_(2)O_(5)particles changes the surface morphology of PEDOT:PSS films and promotes its superior ohmic contact with the Si interface.Furthermore,PEDOT:PSS incorporated with V_(2)O_(5)particles that have outstanding optical and semiconductor properties reduces the rate of carrier recombination at the device interface and blocks electron transport to the anode in the fabricated Si-based solar cells.When compared to conventional PEDOT:PSS/Si planar heterojunction solar cells,the fill factor,photoelectric conversion efficiency,open-circuit voltage,and short-circuit current density of the devices prepared in this study can be significantly improved,reaching up to 70.98%,15.17%,652 mV and 32.8 mA/cm^(2),respectively.This research provides a promising and effective method for improving the photoelectric conversion performance of PEDOT:PSS/Si heterojunction solar cells,which enables the application of V_(2)O_(5)in Si solar cells.展开更多
Recently,alcohols have attracted more attention due to their excellent tribological performance,especially superlubricity under low loads.Alcohol solution,as a liquid lubricant,can easily reach the superlubricity stat...Recently,alcohols have attracted more attention due to their excellent tribological performance,especially superlubricity under low loads.Alcohol solution,as a liquid lubricant,can easily reach the superlubricity state under low loads because of the formed low shear hydroxylation interfaces induced by the tribochemical reactions.A general picture and its influencing factors have been elucidated,not only at the macroscopic scale but also at the nanoscale,which is sufficient to provide effective guidance for lubrication design and tribology research in engineering.Herein,we provide a review on the recent applications of alcohols in lubrication.In addition,the material transformation caused by alcohols in friction is a key factor affecting the tribological properties.As an important two-dimensional material,the growth mechanisms of graphene are variable,and the most famous is the formation of carbon radicals under the action of metal catalysts.Thus,based on the formation mechanism of carbon friction film(such as amorphous carbon and graphene),the main content of this review also includes the transformation of graphene in alcohol solution friction process.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52222407).
文摘Rechargeable magnesium-metal batteries(RMMBs)are promising next-generation secondary batteries;however,their development is inhibited by the low capacity and short cycle lifespan of cathodes.Although various strategies have been devised to enhance the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics and structural stability of cathodes,they fail to improve electronic conductivity,rendering the cathodes incompatible with magnesium-metal anodes.Herein,we propose a dual-defect engineering strategy,namely,the incorporation of Mg^(2+)pre-intercalation defect(P-Mgd)and oxygen defect(Od),to simultaneously improve the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics,structural stability,and electronic conductivity of the cathodes of RMMBs.Using lamellar V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O as a demo cathode material,we prepare a cathode comprising Mg_(0.07)V_(2)O_(5)·1.4H_(2)O nanobelts composited with reduced graphene oxide(MVOH/rGO)with P-Mgd and Od.The Od enlarges interlayer spacing,accelerates Mg^(2+)migration kinetics,and prevents structural collapse,while the P-Mgd stabilizes the lamellar structure and increases electronic conductivity.Consequently,the MVOH/rGO cathode exhibits a high capacity of 197 mAh g^(−1),and the developed Mg foil//MVOH/rGO full cell demonstrates an incredible lifespan of 850 cycles at 0.1 A g^(−1),capable of powering a light-emitting diode.The proposed dual-defect engineering strategy provides new insights into developing high-durability,high-capacity cathodes,advancing the practical application of RMMBs,and other new secondary batteries.
基金This study was supported by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(No.22379105)the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Shanxi Province(Nos.20210302123110 and 202303021211059)the Open Fund Project of Ningxia Sinostar Display Material Co.,Ltd.
文摘Although doped hole-transport materials(HTMs)off er an effi ciency benefi t for perovskite solar cells(PSCs),they inevi-tably diminish the stability.Here,we describe the use of various chlorinated small molecules,specifi cally fl uorenone-triphenylamine(FO-TPA)-x-Cl[x=para,meta,and ortho(p,m,and o)],with diff erent chlorine-substituent positions,as dopant-free HTMs for PSCs.These chlorinated molecules feature a symmetrical donor-acceptor-donor structure and ideal intramolecular charge transfer properties,allowing for self-doping and the establishment of built-in potentials for improving charge extraction.Highly effi cient hole-transfer interfaces are constructed between perovskites and these HTMs by strategi-cally modifying the chlorine substitution.Thus,the chlorinated HTM-derived inverted PSCs exhibited superior effi ciencies and air stabilities.Importantly,the dopant-free HTM FO-TPA-o-Cl not only attains a power conversion effi ciency of 20.82% but also demonstrates exceptional stability,retaining 93.8%of its initial effi ciency even after a 30-day aging test conducted under ambient air conditions in PSCs without encapsulation.These fi ndings underscore the critical role of chlorine-substituent regulation in HTMs in ensuring the formation and maintenance of effi cient and stable PSCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22B2065).
文摘The effect of Cl^(–)and SO_(4)^(2–)on corrosion behavior of pure copper in simulated groundwater was investigated by electrochemical testing techniques,scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction in 0.1 mol/L NaHCO_(3)solutions.The results indicate that increasing Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)reduces the corrosion resistance of Cu.Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)can promote anodic dissolution of Cu and deteriorate the passivation property.The breakdown potential(Eb)of Cu decreases with the increase in Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–).With the increase in immersion time,the polarization resistance in different solutions tends to be stable.After 55 days,polarization resistance(Rp)was almost equal in 0 and 0.01 mol/L Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)solutions.In 0.05 mol/L Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2−)solution,Rp was lower.HCO3–has a certain corrosion effect on Cu and the pits size increased with the increase in Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–).The corrosion products(Cu_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3))and CuO were detected in solutions without or at low Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)contents.The corrosion product after immersion in the solution containing 0.05 mol/L Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2–)was Cu_(2)O.
文摘This paper discusses about the purity of strengthened pure platinum wire and the development method of platinum micro wire, in order to solve the difficulties of low tensile strength, easy to break, and low rate of micro wire. And it contrasts some performance of strengthened pure platinum wire and sponge Pt wire. The researches draw a conclusion that the thermoelectric properties of strengthened pure platinum micro wire was in accordance with national standards and satisfied users' requirements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52064028,22002054)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (202401AT070334,202101AS070013)Yunnan Provincial Major Science and Technology Special Plan Projects (202202AF080002)。
文摘The mitigation of sulphation and parasitic hydrogen evolution is considered as prominent research emphasis for the development of lead-carbon batteries(LCBs)in large-scale energy storage applications.Here,cooperative Pb-C composites consisting of single atom Pb and carbon-encapsulated PbO nanoparticles were prepared by freeze-drying technique and pyrolytic reduction to address above obstacles.The innovative use of Pb^(2+)to cross-link sodium alginate enabled a uniform distribution of Pb in the composites,generating Pb-C-PbO three-phase heterostructure.Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations revealed the synergistic interactions between single-atom Pb and PbO nanoparticles in suppressing parasitic hydrogen evolution and promoting the adsorption of Pb atoms.The presence of monatomic Pb and PbO enhanced the affinity of the composites for the negative active materials and facilitated the transformation of the active materials from bulk into spherical shapes to enhance the specific surface area,thereby counteracting sulphation.Through the coordinated integration of various functionalities offered by Pb@C-x,the cycle life of the battery at HRPSoC reaches 7025 cycles,which is two times for LCB with pure carbon materials.Additionally,the discharge capacity increased from 3.52 to 3.79 Ah.This study provides substantial insights into the construction of Pb-C composites for LCBs to inhibit negative sulphation and hydrogen evolution.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50808127)the Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Agency Public Research Projects(2012GZX0028)
文摘The activated carbons from coal were treated by HNO3 （named as NAC） and used as carriers to load 7% Ce （named as Ce（0.07）/NAC） by impregnation method. The physical and chemical properties were investigated by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis （TG-DTA）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectra （XPS）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and NH3-temperature programmed desorption （NH3-TPD） and NO-temperature programmed desorption techniques. The catalytic activities of Ce（0.07）/NAC were evaluated for the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with C3H6 using temperature-programmed reaction （TP-reaction） in NO, C3H6, 02 and N2 as a balance. The results showed that the specific surface area of Ce（0.07）/NAC was 850.8 m2/g and less than NAC, but Ce oxides could be dispersed highly on the acti- vated carbons. Ce oxides could change acid sites and NO adsorption as well as oxygen-containing functional groups of activated car- bons, and Ce4＋ and Ce〉 coexisted in catalysts. The conversion of NO with C3H6 achieved 70% at 280 ~C over Ce（0.07）/NAC, but with the increase of 02 concentration, heat accumulation and nonselective combustion were exacerbated, which could cause surface ashing and roughness, resulting in a sharp decrease of catalytic activities. The optimum 02 concentration used in the reaction system was 3% and achieved the high conversion of NO and the widest temperature window. The conversion of NO was closely related to the NO concentrations and [NO]/[C3H6] ratios, and the stoichiometric number was just close to 2：1, but the presence of H20 could af- fect the denitration efficiency of catalyst.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21173153)Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Projects(2012FZ0008)
文摘Pd/Ce0.8Zro.202 catalysts modified by cobalt were prepared by a sequential impregnation method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, N2 adsorption/desorption （Brunauer-Emmet-Teller）, oxygen storage capacity （OSC）, CO-chemisorption, H2-temperature-programmed reduction （H2-TPR） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The effect of Co on the performance of methanol decomposition was eval- uated at a fixed-bed microreactor. The results showed that the addition of Co can improve the oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst and the dispersion of Pd. XPS results indicated that Pd was in a partly oxidized （Pd6＋, 1〈8〈2） state and Co2＋ was present in Pd catalysts modified by Co. A 90% conversion of methanol was achieved at around 280 ℃ over Pd-Co/Ceo.8Zro.202 catalyst which was 20 ℃ lower than that over Pd/Ceo.sZro.202, indicating that both pd6＋and Co2＋ play an important role in improving the catalytic activity of methanol decomposition.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22072098 and 21802099)Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No. 2021YJ0333)the National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology (No.NELMS2017A06)
文摘Hydrothermal deactivation is a constant chal-lenge in commercial catalytic process aimed at NOx emission control,which may be observed in the low(150-400℃)or high(400-550℃)-reaction regions.To the best of our knowledge,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the correlation between the reaction sites and the mechanism of hydrothermal degradation at various reaction regions.For a targeted investigation of this,Cu/zeolite catalysts have been prepared using different amounts of polyvinyl alcohol for adjusting their redox and acid properties.These catalysts exhibit hydrothermal deactivation in different reaction regions.No change is observed in the reaction mechanism even with hydrother-mal deactivation,but various reaction sites determine the performance deterioration in the low-and high-reaction regions.The redox properties and weak acid sites affect the hydrothermal deactivation in the low-reaction region,whereas the moderate/strong acid sites related to the structure mainly influence the hydrothermal deactivation in the high-reaction region.This work provides several the-oretical insights for optimizing the hydrothermal stabilities of Cu/zeolite catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070838)
文摘The Hedgehog(Hh) signalling pathway is essential for cellular proliferation and differentiation during embryonic development.Gain and loss of function of Hh signalling are known to result in an array of craniofacial malformations. To determine the critical period for Hh pathway antagonist-induced frontal bone hypoplasia, we examined patterns of dysmorphology caused by Hh signalling inhibition. Pregnant mice received a single oral administration of Hh signalling inhibitor GDC-0449 at 100 or 150 mg·kg^(-1) body weight at preselected time points between embryonic days(E)8.5 and 12.5. The optimal teratogenic concentration of GDC-0449 was determined to be 150 mg·kg^(-1). Exposure between E9.5 and E10.5 induced frontal bone dysplasia, micrognathia and limb defects, with administration at E10.5 producing the most pronounced effects. This model showed decreased ossification of the frontal bone with downregulation of Hh signalling. The osteoid thickness of the frontal bone was significantly reduced. The amount of neural crest-derived frontal bone primordium was reduced after GDC-0449 exposure owing to a decreased rate of cell proliferation and increased cell death.
文摘Low carbon Al2O3 - C refractories specimens were prepared with tabular alumina （3. 0 - 1.0, 1.0 - 0. 5, 0.6-0.2, ≤0.3, ≤0. 045 and ≤0. 02 mm）, active alumina micropowder （≤2 μm ） and silicon （ 〈≤0. 045 mm ） as main raw materials. Nano carbon black （N220） and natural graphite flake （ 〈≤0. 074 mm ） were adopted as the carbon sources. The specimens were treated at 800, 1 000, 1 200 and 1 400 ℃ under coke embedded atmosphere. The effects of additions of nano carbon black and graphite flake on mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of the specimens were stud- ied. Their mechanical properties were measured by three- point bending test and thermal shock resistance was de- termined by water quenching method. The phase compo- sition of the specimens was analyzed with X-ray diffrac- tion and microstruetures were observed through FESEM. The results reveal that： （1） the strengths of A1203 - C refractories with these two carbon sources show no big differences when coked at lower than 1 000 ℃ ; when coked at over 1 200 ℃ , the strengths of the specimens with graphite added are much higher than those of the specimens containing carbon black due to much more sil- icon carbide whiskers formed; （2） since the nano carbon black has small particle size, they can be filled into in- terstice of Al2O3 particles to form the nano carbon net- work structure, absorbing and relieving the thermal stressgenerated from expansion and contraction and reducing the thermal expansion coefficient of the specimens, thus their thermal shock resistance is better than that of the specimens containing graphite ; （ 3 ） low carbon Al2 O3 - C refractories with good mechanical properties and excellent thermal shock resistance can be prepared with combi- nation of nano carbon black and graphite flake.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22072098)Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No.2022ZHCG0125)。
文摘Recently,NO_x emissions in the cold-start period have been a great challenge in eliminating diesel vehicle exhaust.In this study,a type of NO_x adsorption-selective catalytic reduction(AdSCR)bifunctional catalyst was developed to remove NO_x in the cold-start period by constructing additional NO_x adsorption sites on the surface of the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH_(3) catalyst.The AdSCR catalyst exhibited both NO_x adsorption-storage performance and NH_(3)-SCR activity.The amount of oxygen vacancies directly affected the adsorption performance of NO_x on the catalyst surface.In this study,H_(2)O_(2)with different pH values was employed to adjust the electronic structure of the CeZrO_(2) support and construct oxygen vacancies on the surface of CeZrO_(2),which contributed to improving NO_x adsorption and storage on the WO_(3)/CeZrO_(2)(W/CZ)catalyst below 200℃.The catalytic performance results show that CZ supports modified by alkaline H_(2)O_(2) rather than acidic and neutral H_(2)O_(2) significantly improve the NO_x adsorption capacity without decreasing the NH3-SCR activity.The characterization results show that the CZ support modified by alkaline H_(2)O_(2)possesses more surface oxygen vacancies and chemisorbed oxygen than CZ supports modified by acidic and neutral H_(2)O_(2).Oxygen vacancies are not only the active sites of NH_(3)-SCR,but also the active sites of NO_x adsorption.Therefore,the W/CZ catalyst modified by alkaline H_(2)O_(2)exhibited an excellent AdSCR performance.This study proposes a novel perspective to address the issue of NO_x emissions from diesel vehicles during the cold start period.
基金Financial supports of this research by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21171025 and 21101015)New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-09-0853)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.201102003)Program of Innovative Research Team in University of Liaoning Province(No.LT2012020)
文摘One new polyoxometalate （POM）-based inorganic-organic hybrid [Cdn3~HPO4）（Hbpp）（H20）2]{CdII[P4_ Mo6028H3.s（OH）312}.（H4tpb）.7H20 （1） （bpp = 1,3-bis-（4-pyridyl）propane, tpb = 1,2,4,5-tetra（4-pyridyl）- benzene） constructed from reduced molybdophosphate [P4Mo6028H3.5（OH）3]s＇5- （P4Mo6）, trinuclear Cdn-phosphate-Hbpp fragment and protonated tpb has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by IR, elemental analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the space group P21]c and cell parameters of a=15.672（12）A, b=23.839（19）A, c=27.654（2）,~, fl=115.850（10）~, V=9297.9（12） ~3, Z=4, R1 ~0.0534 and wR2 ~0.1135. In complex 1, the P4Mo6 units are bridged by CdII ions to form the classic sandwich-type [Cd（P4Mo6）2] dimers, which are further connected into a two dimensional network via the trinuclear Cdn subunits. The tpb is synthesized in situ from the bpp ligands and connects the adjacent 2D layers into a 3D supramolecular framework through hydrogen bonding interactions. The electrochemical and fluorescent properties of complex 1 have been investigated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21731002,21975104,22101099,22150004,22271120)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Research(2019B030302009)+1 种基金the Outstanding Innovative Talents Cultivation Funded Programs for Doctoral Students of Jinan University(2022CXB007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Jinan University(21621035)。
文摘Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation reactions are largely governed by the efficiency of charge separation and subsequent reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Herein, we report a polarization engineering strategy to promote the charge separation and ROS generation efficiency by substituting the benzene unit with furan/thiophene in porous organic polymers(POPs). Benefiting from the extent of local polarization, the thiophene-containing POP(JNU-218) exhibits the best photocatalytic performance in aerobic oxidation reactions, with a yield much higher than those for the furan-containing POP(JNU-217) and the benzenecontaining POP(JNU-216). Experimental studies and theoretical calculations reveal that the increase of local polarization can indeed reduce the exciton binding energy, and therefore facilitate the separation of electron-hole pairs. This work demonstrates a viable strategy to tune charge separation and ROS generation efficiency by modulating the dipole moments of the building blocks in porous polymeric organic semiconductors.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52261033,52471187,and 52201194).
文摘This study investigates the influence of melt temperature on the structure and mechanical properties of[Fe_(0.25)Co_(0.25)Ni_(0.25)(Si_(0.3)B_(0.7))_(0.25)]_(99.7)Cu_(0.3) high-entropy bulk metallic glasses(HE-BMGs).Samples were prepared at varying melt temperatures(1423,1523,1573,and 1623 K)using the J-quenching technique.The results reveal that melt temperature significantly affects the atomic arrangement structures,which in turn impacts plasticity and thermal stability.At a lower melt temperature(1423 K),crystal-like clusters form,leading to poor plasticity due to stress concentrations.In contrast,melt temperatures within an optimal range(1523-1573 K)promote a more uniform distribution of soft and hard zones,enhancing plastic deformation.Specifically,the sample prepared in 1573 K melt temperature exhibited the best plasticity,attributed to favorable structural nonuniformity and an increased proportion of soft zones.However,at a higher melt temperature(1623 K),excessive superheating resulted in the formation of large Cu clusters,which enhanced strength but compromised plasticity due to stress concentrations.This work provides a comprehensive understanding of how melt temperature controls microstructural evolution and its influence on the mechanical properties of HE-BMGs,offering valuable insights for optimizing their preparation.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJQN202300759)the Vanadium Titanium Materials Engineering Technology Research Center Foundation Project of Sichuan(No.2022FTGC07)+5 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3009500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22379103)the Science and Technology Projects of Suzhou City(No.SYC2022043)the Campus Science Fund Project of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Nos.2020020086 and 2020023032)the Graduate Tutor Team Construction Project of Chongqing(No.JDDSTD2022006)the Graduate Student Research Innovation Project of Chongqing(No.2024S0110)
文摘The issue of water molecule activity in aqueous zinc-ion batteries presents a significant challenge.During the charging and discharging process,the strong polarity of water molecules tends to cause the dissolution of cathode materials,which reduces the cycle stability and specific capacity,consequently limiting the practical application of zinc-ion batteries.In this work,hydroxypropylβ-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD),a special stereo cyclic organic molecule with hydrophobic inner cavity and hydrophilic outer cavity,is used as the intercalator for hydrated vanadium oxide(VOH)to enlarge the layer spacing and enhance the hydrophobicity of the cathode material.The larger interlayer spacing(13.9Å)of HP-β-CD-VOH is beneficial for improving ion mobility and the intrinsic electrochemical reaction kinetics.HP-β-CD-VOH delivers a discharge capacity of 336.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2 A g^(-1)and high-rate capability(242 mAh g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)).Due to the hydrophobic property of HP-β-CD in the interlayer pillar,the vanadium dissolution effect of polar water molecules can be reduced during charge and discharge;HP-β-CDVOH demonstrates sustained high efficiency and extended cycle longevity,maintaining a remarkable durability of 6000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g^(-1).This study presents an effective strategy for developing high-performance aqueous zinc-ion battery cathode materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21173153)the Project from Sichuan Provincial Environment Office of China(2011HB002)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2013AA065304)
文摘A series of CexZr1-xO2(0 B x B 1)with different molar ratios of Ce/Zr were syhthesized via coprecipitation method,and Fe2O3-WO3/CexZr1-xO2monolithic catalysts were prepared for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by ammonia(NH3-SCR).The structural properties and redox behavior of the catalysts were comprehensively characterized by N2physisorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectra(XPS),H2-temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR)and activity measurement for NH3-SCR.The results showed that the NH3-SCR activities of the catalysts were gradually enhanced by increasing the molar ratios of Ce/Zr,especially the lowtemperature catalytic activity and the reaction temperature window.Fe2O3-WO3/Ce0.68Zr0.32O2monolithic catalyst presented the best NH3-SCR activity among the investigated catalysts,more than 90%NOxcould be removed in the temperature range of 247–454°C on the catalyst under the gas hourly space velocities of 30,000 h-1.And it always held more than 99%N2selectivity and less than 20 ppm(1 ppm=10-6L/L)N2O generation concentration between 200 and500°C,the catalyst also displayed its strong resistance of H2O and SO2.Good textural and structural properties,more surface Fe,Ce and active oxygen were together contributed to the excellent NH3-SCR performance of Fe2O3-WO3/Ce0.68Zr0.32O2catalyst.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52164050,51762043,61764009,51974143)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1901801,No.2018YFC1901805)+1 种基金Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province(202202AB080010,2019ZE00703)Yunnan University“Double First-class”Construction Joint Special Project-major project(202201BF070001-018).
文摘In recent years,a novel PEDOT:PSS/n-Si planar heterojunction solar cell has been extensively studied in the photovoltaic field.Different V_(2)O_(5)-IPA concentrations mixed in PEDOT:PSS samples as hole transport layer were prepared by means of spin coating technique and mechanical mixing of organic and inorganic materials.V_(2)O_(5)was studied for its effects on the surface morphology,chemical composition,and optical transmittance of PEDOT:PSS films.The findings of the study show that the addition of V_(2)O_(5)particles changes the surface morphology of PEDOT:PSS films and promotes its superior ohmic contact with the Si interface.Furthermore,PEDOT:PSS incorporated with V_(2)O_(5)particles that have outstanding optical and semiconductor properties reduces the rate of carrier recombination at the device interface and blocks electron transport to the anode in the fabricated Si-based solar cells.When compared to conventional PEDOT:PSS/Si planar heterojunction solar cells,the fill factor,photoelectric conversion efficiency,open-circuit voltage,and short-circuit current density of the devices prepared in this study can be significantly improved,reaching up to 70.98%,15.17%,652 mV and 32.8 mA/cm^(2),respectively.This research provides a promising and effective method for improving the photoelectric conversion performance of PEDOT:PSS/Si heterojunction solar cells,which enables the application of V_(2)O_(5)in Si solar cells.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51965020)the Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(GrantNos.20212BBE53041,20202BAB204020,and 20171BCD40009)the Hundred-man Program of Nanchang and Knowledge Innovation Team of Nanchang.
文摘Recently,alcohols have attracted more attention due to their excellent tribological performance,especially superlubricity under low loads.Alcohol solution,as a liquid lubricant,can easily reach the superlubricity state under low loads because of the formed low shear hydroxylation interfaces induced by the tribochemical reactions.A general picture and its influencing factors have been elucidated,not only at the macroscopic scale but also at the nanoscale,which is sufficient to provide effective guidance for lubrication design and tribology research in engineering.Herein,we provide a review on the recent applications of alcohols in lubrication.In addition,the material transformation caused by alcohols in friction is a key factor affecting the tribological properties.As an important two-dimensional material,the growth mechanisms of graphene are variable,and the most famous is the formation of carbon radicals under the action of metal catalysts.Thus,based on the formation mechanism of carbon friction film(such as amorphous carbon and graphene),the main content of this review also includes the transformation of graphene in alcohol solution friction process.
