Betalain,an economically valuable water-soluble natural plant pigment,is prized for its strong antioxidant activity,making it popular as a dietary supplement and a visual marker for plant transformation.However,market...Betalain,an economically valuable water-soluble natural plant pigment,is prized for its strong antioxidant activity,making it popular as a dietary supplement and a visual marker for plant transformation.However,market demand significantly outstrips current production capacity.This study reports the development of an efficient push-and-pull multigene strategy based on polycistronic expression and metabolic flux regulation to enhance betalain biosynthesis in transgenic maize(Zea mays L.)endosperm.We engineered a novel enhanced RUBY(eRUBY)system derived from the original polycistronic RUBY construct(CYP76AD1P2ADODA1P2ADOPA5GT unit,abbreviated CDG)by introducing arogenate dehydrogenase(ADHα)to increase the L-tyrosine substrate supply.All the genes were driven by the endosperm-specific promoter.Fusion of ADHαinto a single polycistronic eRUBY construct(CDGA)produced significantly higher betanin(6.88 mg g−1 dry weight)and isobetanin(1.81 mg g−1 dry weight)levels than in CDG+A,which stacked the ADHαcassette independently with CDG.The high betalain accumulation in CDGA lines(which also exhibited higher transgene copy number)resulted in a 2.85–7.58-fold improvement in endosperm antioxidant capacity compared to WT(versus 2.48–2.80-fold in CDG+A).Importantly,transgenic plants maintained a normal phenotype.Transcriptome and metabolome analyses further indicated that metabolism of phenylalanine,alanine,aspartate,and glutamate contributes to betalain production.Hybridization with sweet corn successfully created a high-sugar eRUBY maize variety.Collectively,these results demonstrate the successful development of a novel maize germplasm with significantly enhanced nutritional value through high betalain accumulation.展开更多
Leaf thickness in rice critically influences photosynthetic efficiency and yield,yet its genetic basis remains poorly understood,with few functional genes previously characterized.In this study,we employ a pangenome-w...Leaf thickness in rice critically influences photosynthetic efficiency and yield,yet its genetic basis remains poorly understood,with few functional genes previously characterized.In this study,we employ a pangenome-wide association study(Pan-GWAS)on 302 diverse rice accessions from southern China,identifying 49 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with leaf thickness.The most significant locus,qLT9,is fine-mapped to a 79-kb region on chromosome 9.Transcriptomic and genomic sequence analyses identify LOC_Os09g33480,which encodes a protein belonging to Multiple Organellar RNA Editing Factor family,as the key candidate gene.Overexpression and complementation transgenic experiments confirm LOC_Os09g33480(OsLT9)as the functional gene underlying qLT9,demonstrating a 24-bp Indel in its promoter correlates with the expression levels and leaf thickness.Notably,OsLT9 overexpression lines show not only thicker leaf,but also significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield,establishing a link between leaf thickness modulation and yield enhancement.Population genomic analyses indicate strong selection for OsLT9 during domestication and breeding,with modern cultivars favoring thick leaf haplotype of OsLT9.This study establishes OsLT9 as a key regulator controlling leaf thickness in rice,and provides a valuable genetic resource for molecular breeding of high-yielding rice through optimization of plant architecture.展开更多
Introduction: Non-Syndromic Clefts Lip-Palates (NSCLP/CP) are most common congenital malformation in the world, with very important psychic and social impact. Formation of NSCLP/CP arises from the interaction of envir...Introduction: Non-Syndromic Clefts Lip-Palates (NSCLP/CP) are most common congenital malformation in the world, with very important psychic and social impact. Formation of NSCLP/CP arises from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. This paper provides a review of recent progress in defining the genetic causes of NSCLP. Methods: A literature review was conducted on the Medline data by searching for the following keywords: genes, non-syndromic cleft lip-palate, and genetics of clefts lip-palates, until January 2018. Results: Various genes are identified in different population and country, with the study using case parent’s trio. The aim of this study contributes to review relative gene which has been identify in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate, and to help to have a better understanding of the inheritance pattern of this pathology and the prevention of genetic disease. Conclusion: Although three major genes have been confirmed, the genetic research is necessary to provide an understanding of the pathophysiology of the clefts lip-palates.展开更多
The FW2.2-like(FWL)gene family has been extensively studied across multiple species,demonstrating conserved functions among specific members in organ development,particularly in fruit size regulation.For species with ...The FW2.2-like(FWL)gene family has been extensively studied across multiple species,demonstrating conserved functions among specific members in organ development,particularly in fruit size regulation.For species with limited research foundations,such as Chinese jujube,analyzing this gene family is an effective approach to identify candidate genes for fruit size.This study identified twenty ZjFWL genes and comprehensively analyzed their chromosomal distribution,phylogenetic relationships,gene structure,evolutionary dynamics,expression patterns,and cis-acting elements in their promoters.Natural variation analysis of the ZjFWL10 sequence identified a significant correlation between a seven-base pair deletion in the conserved domain and jujube fruit size.To validate the functional implications of the seven-base pair deletion genotype,heterologous overexpression experiments were conducted in tomatoes,generating three overexpression lines.Comparative analysis with the wild-type demonstrated a significant reduction in fruit size and a notable increase in plant height in the overexpressed lines.This gene may play a critical role in regulating nutrient partitioning in jujube,ultimately affecting fruit size.These findings advance our understanding of fruit size regulation mechanisms and offer valuable insights for genetic improvement strategies targeting jujube fruit size.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa L.)farmers face challenges with metal accumulation in grain,with nickel(Ni)recently emerging as a concern due to its potential to exceed legal limits,alongside cadmium(Cd).Information on Ni behaviour...Rice(Oryza sativa L.)farmers face challenges with metal accumulation in grain,with nickel(Ni)recently emerging as a concern due to its potential to exceed legal limits,alongside cadmium(Cd).Information on Ni behaviour and its interaction with Cd remains limited.Selenium(Se)is commonly used for rice biofortification and can reduce the accumulation of toxic metals in plants.Therefore,this study investigates how Ni and Cd influence mutual accumulation in rice and examines the impact of different Se forms on their interactions.Plants were grown hydroponically with various combinations of Cd(5 or 20μmol/L),Ni(20μmol/L),and Se(5μmol/L)as selenate(Se^(6+))or selenite(Se^(4+))for 7 d.Plant growth,lipid peroxidation,and element accumulation were measured,and the distribution of Se and Ni in tissues was assayed using synchrotron-basedμXRF 2D imaging.Cd and Ni were toxic to rice,reducing leaf and root biomass by 40%‒50%and inducing oxidative stress.However,their combined presence did not further exacerbate leaf growth reduction.Cd reduced root Ni accumulation by approximately 50%at equimolar concentrations,likely due to competitive inhibition at shared transport sites.Se promoted root growth in the presence of Ni and low Cd,suggesting an antioxidant role in mitigating metal-induced stress.However,high doses of Ni and Cd together significantly reduced Se accumulation(by 60%and 77%for Se^(4+)in roots and Se^(6+)in leaves,respectively)and caused severe oxidative stress in the presence of Se^(4+).The effectiveness of Se biofortification varied depending on the Se form:Se^(6+)was more effective at reducing Ni accumulation,while Se^(4+)effectively reduced Cd accumulation(by 45%‒75%)at low concentrations and Ni accumulation in the absence of Cd(by 50%).In conclusion,this study demonstrates that Se can mitigate Cd and Ni accumulation in rice.However,the co-presence of Cd and Ni may compromise Se enrichment in rice,highlighting the complexity of their interactions.展开更多
Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy is an excellent tool for simultaneous identification and quantification of metabolites(metabolomics).NMR quantification of human lipoprotein subfractions and their component...Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy is an excellent tool for simultaneous identification and quantification of metabolites(metabolomics).NMR quantification of human lipoprotein subfractions and their components has proven to be a powerful approach to reveal pathophysiological insights in numerous diseases[1,2].This method has now been standardized with excellent inter-laboratory reproducibility within 10 days for simultaneous quantification of 105 lipoprotein components and 24 low-molecular weight(LMW)metabolites[3];close clustering was also shown for 12 quality-control(QC)samples measured in 3 months although without statistical details[2].However,these reports[[1],[2],[3]]did not cover many vital parameters for lipoprotein components(e.g.,cholesterol-esters and total-lipids),fatty acids,and N-acetyl-glycoproteins(NAGs).展开更多
Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis is a major hybrid species of timber plantations.However,our under-standing of Eucalyptus mitochondrial genome,especially within the Myrtaceae family,is limited.In this study,we empl...Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis is a major hybrid species of timber plantations.However,our under-standing of Eucalyptus mitochondrial genome,especially within the Myrtaceae family,is limited.In this study,we employed hybrid sequencing combining the Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing to assemble and annotate the mitogenome(mtDNA)of E.urophylla×E.grandis.Our results reveal a structure characterized by one circular mol-ecule,with a cumulative length of 483,907 base pairs(bp)and a GC content of 44.96%.The circular molecule collec-tively harbored 59 annotated genes.Among these,38 were unique protein-coding genes(PCGs),accompanied by 18 transfer RNA(tRNA)genes and 3 ribosomal RNA(rRNA)genes.Our study also examined repetitive sequences,RNA editing sites,and intracellular sequence transfers within the mtDNA.Furthermore,we conducted a phylogenetic analy-sis between E.urophylla×E.grandis and 30 closely related species based on genetic affinities.The outcomes furnish a high-quality organelle genome for E.urophylla×E.grandis,thereby explaining basic insights into organelle genome evo-lution and phylogenetic relationships.展开更多
The canonical CRISPR/Cas editors are constrained by the requirement for specific PAMs,which substantially limits their editable target range.Rice(particularly indica rice)is sensitive to low temperature,which impacts ...The canonical CRISPR/Cas editors are constrained by the requirement for specific PAMs,which substantially limits their editable target range.Rice(particularly indica rice)is sensitive to low temperature,which impacts the yield and restricts the geographic distribution of rice.In this study,we developed PAM-flexible multiplex genome editing tools based on Sp G(recognising NGN-PAMs)and Sp RY(recognising NNN-PAMs)variants.We then tested the feasibility of using a sweet potato leaf curl virus(SPLCV)replicon-based expression vector and single-stranded DNA-binding domain(DBD)to improve the editing efficiency of these PAM-flexible editors.Furthermore,we used Sp G-mediated multiplex genome editing to achieve comprehensive improvement in cold tolerance in indica rice by editing WRKY transcription factors Os WRKY53 and Os WRKY63,to generate high cold-resistant indica rice lines.We concluded that these PAM-flexible multiplex genome editors are powerful tools for multi-gene editing for crop genetic improvement.展开更多
The present investigation aims at unveiling the main causes of the recorded disparate phylogeographic patterning among the two highly dispersive coastal crab species Carcinus aestuarii and Pachygrapsus marmoratus in t...The present investigation aims at unveiling the main causes of the recorded disparate phylogeographic patterning among the two highly dispersive coastal crab species Carcinus aestuarii and Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the Mediterranean Sea.For this purpose,available mitochondrial and nuclear data for both species were re-analyzed and investigated for genetic polymorphism and differentiation patterns across three defined geographic scales in their distribution ranges,but also across the same locations in the Mediterranean Sea.The temporal frame of genetic diversification was also determined for both species in order to check whether observed differences in phylogeographic patterns among these coastal decapods could be attributed to different evolutionary histories.The obtained results revealed a more variable and diversified gene pool in the green crab C.aestuarii than the one recorded in the marbled crab P.marmoratus.Lack of significant correlation between pairwise genetic dissimilarities observed among C.aestuarii populations and those detected for P.marmoratus was notably discerned across the same defined Mediterranean locations.This finding indicates that the pattern of pairwise genetic differentiation does not vary in the same way in both examined crab species.Significant outputs of population genetic differentiation,retrieved within both species,were shown to be differently associated with the potential effects of various kinds of isolation processes(related to geography,environment and biogeographic boundary).Evolutionary history reconstruction showed older genetic diversification event in C.aestuarii than the one recorded in P.marmoratus.These recorded temporal frames suggest different modes of genetic diversification in both crab species(glacial vicariance for C.aestuarii and interglacial dispersal for P.marmoratus).They may also provide an explanation for the recorded differences in variation of patterns of population genetic diversity and structure,when integrated with species ecological requirements and life-history traits.展开更多
Tetracentron sinense is a‘living fossil’tree in East Asia.Understanding how this‘living fossil’responds to climate change and adapts to local environments is critical for its conservation.Here,we used resequenced ...Tetracentron sinense is a‘living fossil’tree in East Asia.Understanding how this‘living fossil’responds to climate change and adapts to local environments is critical for its conservation.Here,we used resequenced genomes to clarify the evolutionary history and adaptive potential of T.sinense.We identifiedsix divergent lineages in T.sinense:three lineages from southwestern China(Yunnan Province)and three lineages from the central subtropical region of China.Additionally,we detected hybridization events between some adjacent lineages.Demographic analysis revealed that over the past 10,000 years the effective population size(Ne)of three T.sinense lineages(i.e.,NORTH,SWEST,and YNWEST)increased after their last bottleneck and then remained stable,whereas that of the remaining three lineages(i.e.,YSEAST,YC,and EAST)declined steadily.The decline in effective population size in the Yunnan lineages aligned well with the decrease in genome-wide diversity and a significantincrease in the frequency of runs of homozygosity.Deleterious variants and positively selected sites were involved in the evolution of different lineages.Further,genotype–environment association(GEA)analyses indicated adaptation to temperature-and precipitation-related factors.Genomic offset analyses found the most vulnerable populations,while SC and SC-yad were predicted to better handle extreme changes.Our findingsprovide insights into the evolutionary history and conservation of T.sinense and enhance our understanding of the evolution of living fossil species.展开更多
Amborella trichopoda(Amborellaceae;hereafter simply Amborella)(Fig.1A)is a shrub endemic to New Caledonia in the Southwest Pacific that represents the sole sister species of all other extant angiosperms(Qiu et al.,199...Amborella trichopoda(Amborellaceae;hereafter simply Amborella)(Fig.1A)is a shrub endemic to New Caledonia in the Southwest Pacific that represents the sole sister species of all other extant angiosperms(Qiu et al.,1999;One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative,2019).Due to its unique phylogenetic status,it holds tremendous interest for botanists.The nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of Amborella were first published in 2013,providing valuable resources for studies on genome and gene family evolution,phylogenomics,and flower development,despite the fact that the assembly is heavily fragmented(Amborella Genome Project,2013;Rice et al.,2013).In 2024,a haplotype-resolved Amborella genome assembly was published,showing significant improvement in quality and completeness(Carey et al.,2024).展开更多
Recent advancements in genome sequencing have enabled the estimation of genetic load through deleterious mutation profiling.However,Chinese populations remain underexplored in this context.We analyze whole-exome seque...Recent advancements in genome sequencing have enabled the estimation of genetic load through deleterious mutation profiling.However,Chinese populations remain underexplored in this context.We analyze whole-exome sequencing data from 5002 individuals,encompassing major Han subgroups―North Han(NHan),South Han(S-Han),and Guangxi Han(G-Han)―as well as 13 ethnic minorities.Notably,G-Han exhibits significant genetic affinity with the Zhuang population.Systematic curation of 2110 ClinVar pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants reveals 93.4%are ultra-rare.Exceptions include GJB2 rs72474224-A(hearing loss),which shows higher frequencies in Zhuang and G-Han,and β-thalassemia-associated HBB variants(rs33986703-A and rs33950507-T),which are elevated in G-Han compared to other Han subgroups.Among 96 autosomal dominant mutation carriers,LDLR variants are predominant(~25%),with comparable frequencies across Han subgroups.Adaptive signatures highlight gene-environment interactions:MTHFR rs1801133-A(UV adaptation)declines southward,while ALDH2 rs671-A(alcohol metabolism)displays the opposite trend.ABCC11 rs17822931-A,associated with cold adaptation,is particularly low frequency in G-Han.Gene-based rare-variant collapsing analyses identify an elevated risk of retinitis pigmentosa in S-Han(PRPF4,TUB).Our findings demonstrate that genetic load in Chinese populations is influenced by demographic history,population structure,and regional adaptation,emphasizing the importance of population-specific frameworks in precision medicine.展开更多
CBF/DREB proteins play a critical role in abiotic stress-mediated gene expression and represent attractive regulons for plant breeding programs.However,no study has been conducted for CBF/DREB protein-related genes in...CBF/DREB proteins play a critical role in abiotic stress-mediated gene expression and represent attractive regulons for plant breeding programs.However,no study has been conducted for CBF/DREB protein-related genes in jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.).In this study,twenty-five ZjDREB genes were identified and annotated from the jujube(Z.jujuba‘Dongzao’)genome.Detailed analysis,including gene classification,annotation,phylogenetic evaluation,conserved motif determination and expression profiling were performed on all genes.Phylogenetic analysis showed that ZjDREB proteins were divided into five subgroups(A1–A5),but lacking a subgroup A6 corresponding to AtDREBs.The ZjDREB genes were distributed in nine of twelve chromosomes in the genome.Additionally,the expression patterns of the DREB genes under different abiotic stresses were investigated using q RT-PCR.Nineteen ZjDREB genes were down-regulated under low temperature,in contrast six ZjDREB genes(01,03,05,11,23 and 24)were up-regulated.Under drought,salinity and high temperature conditions,expression of ZjDREB03,09,10,14,15,17 and 20 genes were induced and showed similar expression patterns,suggesting that various stress conditions share common elements in the signaling pathway.The results suggest that the family of DREB genes play an important role in abiotic stresses in jujube,and provide a foundation for further functional studies of this important class of transcriptional regulators.展开更多
Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins （PGIPs） are extracellular proteins that belong to the leucine-rich repeat （LRR） protein superfamily. PGIPs inhibit fungal polygalacturonases （PGs） and promote accumulation o...Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins （PGIPs） are extracellular proteins that belong to the leucine-rich repeat （LRR） protein superfamily. PGIPs inhibit fungal polygalacturonases （PGs） and promote accumulation of oligogalacturonides, which activate plant defense responses. PGIPs play important roles in resistance to infection of pathogens. In this study, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RLM-RACE） were used to isolate the full-length PGIP cDNA from Populus deltoides （GenBank accession no. of PdPGIP2 and PdPGIP4：EF684913 and EF684912）. Domain analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequences of PdPGIP2 and PdPGIP4 had a typical PGIP topology. Phylogenetic analysis of known PGIPs indicated that the two PdPGIPs were clustered to the defense-related PGIP clade. Using real-time RT-PCR, the expression patterns of the two PdPGIPs following treatment with a fungal pathogen and defense-related signaling molecules were studied. The expression levels of PdPGIP2 and PdPGIP4 were both up-regulated when inoculated with the phytopathogenic fungus Marssonina brunnea. Therefore, it was proposed that the two PGIPs might be involved in the resistance to Marssonina brunnea in P. deltoides.展开更多
Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr is a dominant species in coniferous forests of North China.However,early selection of L.principis-rupprechtii for growth traits is poorly characterised.To explore the optimal selection...Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr is a dominant species in coniferous forests of North China.However,early selection of L.principis-rupprechtii for growth traits is poorly characterised.To explore the optimal selection age for this species,heights(HT)and diameters at breast(DBH)of 40 half-sib families were measured at ages 3,12,22,and 28 years in a progeny test population established in the town of Kangjiahui,Shanxi Province.Age trends in heritability,age–age genetic correlations,and early selection efficiency for height and DBH were analysed.The individual heritability of these growth traits varied over time,and maximized at different ages(0.55 at age 12 for HT and 0.48 at age 28 for DBH).The age–age genetic correlations were always positive,and the majority were high(0.790–0.953)between the juvenile and mature ages for HT and DBH.For the same pairs of measurements,HT demonstrated higher age–age genetic correlations than DBH,and both age–age genetic correlation data sets were described well by the linear relationship with the logarithm of the age ratio(r^(2)>0.90).The regression slope for DBH was lower than that for HT.Based on the early selection efficiency estimates,the optimal selection age could be as early as age 6 for DBH and 8–9 years for HT.The results of this study provide information that can be used to assist early selection practices in L.principis-rupprechtii improvement programs in Shanxi Province.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to develop and validate a risk scoring system to identify high-risk individuals carrying malignant lesions in stomach for tailored gastric cancer screening.Methods:A gastric cancer risk scor...Objective:This study aimed to develop and validate a risk scoring system to identify high-risk individuals carrying malignant lesions in stomach for tailored gastric cancer screening.Methods:A gastric cancer risk scoring system(GC-RSS)was developed based on questionnaire-based predictors for gastric cancer derived from systematic literature review.To assess the capability of this system for discrimination,risk scores for 8,214 and 7,235 outpatient subjects accepting endoscopic examination in two endoscopy centers,and 32,630 participants in a community-based cohort in China were calculated to plot receiver operating characteristic curves and generate area under the curve(AUC).To evaluate the performance of GC-RSS,the screening proportion,sensitivity and detection rate ratio compared to universal screening were used under different risk score cutoff values.Results:GC-RSS comprised nine predictors including advanced age,male gender,low body mass index(<18.5 kg/m^(2)),family history of gastric cancer,cigarette smoking,consumption of alcohol,preference for salty food,irregularity of meals and consumption of preserved food.This tool performed well in determining the risk of malignant gastric lesions with AUCs of 0.763,0.706 and 0.696 in three validation sets.When subjects with risk scores≥5 were evaluated with endoscopy,nearly 50%of these endoscopies could be saved with a detection rate of over 1.5 times achieved.When the cutoff was set at 8,only about 10%of subjects with the highest risk would be offered endoscopy,and detection rates for gastric cancer could be increased 2-4 fold compared to universal screening.Conclusions:An effective questionnaire-based GC-RSS was developed and validated.This tool may play an important role in establishing a tailored screening strategy for gastric cancer in China.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of identifying cancer patients by use of medical claims data in a health insurance system in China, and provide the basis for establishing the claims-based cancer surveillance syste...Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of identifying cancer patients by use of medical claims data in a health insurance system in China, and provide the basis for establishing the claims-based cancer surveillance system in China.Methods: We chose Hua County, Henan Province as the study site, and randomly selected 300 and 1,200 qualified inpatient electronic medical records(EMRs) as well as the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme(NCMS) claims records for cancer patients in Hua County People’s Hospital(HCPH) and Anyang Cancer Hospital(ACH) in 2017. Diagnostic information for NCMS claims was evaluated on an individual level, and sensitivity and positive predictive value(PPV) were calculated taking the EMRs as the gold standard.Results: The sensitivity of NCMS was 95.2%(93.8%-96.3%) and 92.0%(88.3%-94.8%) in ACH and HCPH,respectively. The PPV of the NCMS was 97.8%(96.7%-98.5%) in ACH and 89.0%(84.9%-92.3%) in HCPH.Overall, the weighted and combined sensitivity and PPV of NCMS in Hua County was 93.1% and 92.1%,respectively. Significantly higher sensitivity and PPV in identifying patients with common cancers than noncommon cancers were detected in HCPH and ACH separately(P<0.01).Conclusions: Identification of cancer patients by use of the NCMS is accurate on individual level, and it is therefore feasible to conduct claims-based cancer surveillance in areas not covered by cancer registries in China.展开更多
As a member of the Frizzled family, Frizzled3 (FZD3) is a receptor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays a vital role in mammalian hair follicle developmental processes. However, its effects on wool traits ...As a member of the Frizzled family, Frizzled3 (FZD3) is a receptor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays a vital role in mammalian hair follicle developmental processes. However, its effects on wool traits are not clear. The objectives of this study were to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the expression patterns of FZD3 gene, and then to determine whether it affected wool traits of Chinese Merino sheep (Xinjiang Type) or not. PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing were used to identify mutation loci, and general linear model (GLM) with SAS 9.1 was used for the association analysis between wool traits and SNPs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to investigate FZD3 gene expression levels. The results showed that six exons of FZD3 gene were amplified and two mutation loci were identified in exon 1 (NC_019459.2: g.101771685 T>C (SNP1)) and exon 3 (NC_019459.2: g.101810848, A>C (SNP2)), respectively. Association analysis showed that SNP1 was significantly associated with mean fiber diameter (MFD)(P=0.04) and live weight (LW)(P=0.0004), SNP2 was significantly associated with greasy fleece weight (GFW)(P=0.04). The expression level of FZD3 gene in skin tissues of the superfine wool (SF) group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the fine wool (F) group. Moreover, it had a higher expression level (P<0.01) in skin tissues than in other tissues of Chinese Merino ewes. While, its expression level had a fluctuant expression in skin tissues at different developmental stages of embryos and born lambs, with the highest expression levels (P<0.01) at the 65th day of embryos. Our study revealed the genetic relationship between FZD3 variants and wool traits and two identified SNPs might serve as potential and valuable genetic markers for sheep breeding and lay a molecular genetic foundation for sheep marker-assisted selection (MAS).展开更多
Prunus mume is an important woody plant that has high ornamental and economic value, widely distributed and used in landscape architecture in East Asia. In plants, basic(region) leucine zipper(bZIP) transcription fact...Prunus mume is an important woody plant that has high ornamental and economic value, widely distributed and used in landscape architecture in East Asia. In plants, basic(region) leucine zipper(bZIP) transcription factors play important regulatory roles in growth, development,dormancy and abiotic stress. To date, bZIP transcription factors have not been systematically studied in P. mume. In this study, 49 bZIP genes were first identified in P. mume, and the PmbZIP family was divided into 12 groups according to the grouping principles for the Arabidopsis thaliana bZIP family. For the first time, we constructed a detailed model of the PmbZIP domains(R-x_(3)–N-(x)_7-R/K-x_(2)-K-x_(6)-L-x_(6)-L-_(6)-L). Phylogenetic and synteny analyses showed that PmbZIPs duplication events might have occurred during the large-scale genome duplication events. A relatively short time of speciation and the finding that 91.84% of the bZIP genes formed orthologous pairs between P. mume and Prunus armeniaca provided evidence of a close relationship. Gene expression patterns were analysed in different tissues and periods, indicating that PmbZIP genes with the same motifs exhibited similar expression patterns. The gene expression results showed that PmbZIP31/36/41 genes played a more prominent role in the response to freezing stress than cold stress. The expression level of almost all subset Ⅲ genes was upregulated under freezing treatment, especially after cold exposure. We analysed the gene expression patterns of PmbZIP12/31/36/41/48 and their responses to low-temperature stress, which provided useful resources for future studies on the cold/freezing-tolerant molecular breeding of P. mume.展开更多
Rose is a highly significant ornamental plant with substantial edible and medicinal value,cultivated worldwide primarily for perfume production.Recently,Rosa yangii,a new species found in northwestern Yunnan,China,has...Rose is a highly significant ornamental plant with substantial edible and medicinal value,cultivated worldwide primarily for perfume production.Recently,Rosa yangii,a new species found in northwestern Yunnan,China,has drawn attention due to its strong sweet scented flowers.In this study,the floral components of R.yangii were extracted at different flowering stages using solid phase micro extraction(SPME)and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A total of 131 volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were detected from R.yangii,including 69 odor compounds.The production and release of floral VOCs were the highest during the initial-open stage,making it the most suitable time for harvesting as a significant number of floral components were synthesized and preserved.The analysis of the odor activity values(OAV)highlighted several key aromatic ingredients of R.yangii,such as eugenol,methyleugenol,benzeneacetaldehyde and phenylethylalcohol,heptanal,decanal,(E)-2-hexen-1-yl acetate,caryophyllene,and others.Metabolome and time-order gene co-expression networks(TO-GCN)revealed that VOCs and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids,along with associated genes,played a pivotal role in the overall floral regulatory network of R.yangii.MYB and bHLH were identified as the essential regulatory factors governing the regulation of eugenol synthase(EGS)and isoeugenol synthase(IGS),consequently influencing the sweet scent of R.yangii.The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for enhancing fragrance through molecular breeding of ornamental plants.Furthermore,the study facilitated the development and utilization of this new plant’s essential oil material in various industries,including food storage,aromatherapy,cosmetic,and perfumery.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04077)the Invigorate the Seed Industry of Guangdong Province(2024-NPY-00-044)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272120)the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(GKAA24206023)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1000800)the Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Precise Breeding of Future Crops Major Project(FCBRCE-202502,FCBRCE-202504).
文摘Betalain,an economically valuable water-soluble natural plant pigment,is prized for its strong antioxidant activity,making it popular as a dietary supplement and a visual marker for plant transformation.However,market demand significantly outstrips current production capacity.This study reports the development of an efficient push-and-pull multigene strategy based on polycistronic expression and metabolic flux regulation to enhance betalain biosynthesis in transgenic maize(Zea mays L.)endosperm.We engineered a novel enhanced RUBY(eRUBY)system derived from the original polycistronic RUBY construct(CYP76AD1P2ADODA1P2ADOPA5GT unit,abbreviated CDG)by introducing arogenate dehydrogenase(ADHα)to increase the L-tyrosine substrate supply.All the genes were driven by the endosperm-specific promoter.Fusion of ADHαinto a single polycistronic eRUBY construct(CDGA)produced significantly higher betanin(6.88 mg g−1 dry weight)and isobetanin(1.81 mg g−1 dry weight)levels than in CDG+A,which stacked the ADHαcassette independently with CDG.The high betalain accumulation in CDGA lines(which also exhibited higher transgene copy number)resulted in a 2.85–7.58-fold improvement in endosperm antioxidant capacity compared to WT(versus 2.48–2.80-fold in CDG+A).Importantly,transgenic plants maintained a normal phenotype.Transcriptome and metabolome analyses further indicated that metabolism of phenylalanine,alanine,aspartate,and glutamate contributes to betalain production.Hybridization with sweet corn successfully created a high-sugar eRUBY maize variety.Collectively,these results demonstrate the successful development of a novel maize germplasm with significantly enhanced nutritional value through high betalain accumulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301845)GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515012339)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD1200801)Seed industry revitalization project of special fund for rural revitalization strategy in Guangdong Province(2024-NPY-00-001)Modern Seed Industry Innovation Capacity Enhancement Progject of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Elite Rice Plan of GDRRI(2023YG01)Guangdong Key Laboratory of Rice Science and Technology(2023B1212060042).
文摘Leaf thickness in rice critically influences photosynthetic efficiency and yield,yet its genetic basis remains poorly understood,with few functional genes previously characterized.In this study,we employ a pangenome-wide association study(Pan-GWAS)on 302 diverse rice accessions from southern China,identifying 49 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with leaf thickness.The most significant locus,qLT9,is fine-mapped to a 79-kb region on chromosome 9.Transcriptomic and genomic sequence analyses identify LOC_Os09g33480,which encodes a protein belonging to Multiple Organellar RNA Editing Factor family,as the key candidate gene.Overexpression and complementation transgenic experiments confirm LOC_Os09g33480(OsLT9)as the functional gene underlying qLT9,demonstrating a 24-bp Indel in its promoter correlates with the expression levels and leaf thickness.Notably,OsLT9 overexpression lines show not only thicker leaf,but also significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield,establishing a link between leaf thickness modulation and yield enhancement.Population genomic analyses indicate strong selection for OsLT9 during domestication and breeding,with modern cultivars favoring thick leaf haplotype of OsLT9.This study establishes OsLT9 as a key regulator controlling leaf thickness in rice,and provides a valuable genetic resource for molecular breeding of high-yielding rice through optimization of plant architecture.
文摘Introduction: Non-Syndromic Clefts Lip-Palates (NSCLP/CP) are most common congenital malformation in the world, with very important psychic and social impact. Formation of NSCLP/CP arises from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. This paper provides a review of recent progress in defining the genetic causes of NSCLP. Methods: A literature review was conducted on the Medline data by searching for the following keywords: genes, non-syndromic cleft lip-palate, and genetics of clefts lip-palates, until January 2018. Results: Various genes are identified in different population and country, with the study using case parent’s trio. The aim of this study contributes to review relative gene which has been identify in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate, and to help to have a better understanding of the inheritance pattern of this pathology and the prevention of genetic disease. Conclusion: Although three major genes have been confirmed, the genetic research is necessary to provide an understanding of the pathophysiology of the clefts lip-palates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800559)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2200404)+2 种基金the National XA Science and Technology Innovation Project,China(2022XACX1100)the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi,China(‘Guike’AB16380060)the central government guides local science and technology development project“Germplasm Innovation of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit Tree”,and partly supported by the open funds of the National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops,China.
文摘The FW2.2-like(FWL)gene family has been extensively studied across multiple species,demonstrating conserved functions among specific members in organ development,particularly in fruit size regulation.For species with limited research foundations,such as Chinese jujube,analyzing this gene family is an effective approach to identify candidate genes for fruit size.This study identified twenty ZjFWL genes and comprehensively analyzed their chromosomal distribution,phylogenetic relationships,gene structure,evolutionary dynamics,expression patterns,and cis-acting elements in their promoters.Natural variation analysis of the ZjFWL10 sequence identified a significant correlation between a seven-base pair deletion in the conserved domain and jujube fruit size.To validate the functional implications of the seven-base pair deletion genotype,heterologous overexpression experiments were conducted in tomatoes,generating three overexpression lines.Comparative analysis with the wild-type demonstrated a significant reduction in fruit size and a notable increase in plant height in the overexpressed lines.This gene may play a critical role in regulating nutrient partitioning in jujube,ultimately affecting fruit size.These findings advance our understanding of fruit size regulation mechanisms and offer valuable insights for genetic improvement strategies targeting jujube fruit size.
基金funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2022 research and innovation program under the Marie SKŁODOWSKA-CURIE Individual Fellowship(Grant No.101105237).
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.)farmers face challenges with metal accumulation in grain,with nickel(Ni)recently emerging as a concern due to its potential to exceed legal limits,alongside cadmium(Cd).Information on Ni behaviour and its interaction with Cd remains limited.Selenium(Se)is commonly used for rice biofortification and can reduce the accumulation of toxic metals in plants.Therefore,this study investigates how Ni and Cd influence mutual accumulation in rice and examines the impact of different Se forms on their interactions.Plants were grown hydroponically with various combinations of Cd(5 or 20μmol/L),Ni(20μmol/L),and Se(5μmol/L)as selenate(Se^(6+))or selenite(Se^(4+))for 7 d.Plant growth,lipid peroxidation,and element accumulation were measured,and the distribution of Se and Ni in tissues was assayed using synchrotron-basedμXRF 2D imaging.Cd and Ni were toxic to rice,reducing leaf and root biomass by 40%‒50%and inducing oxidative stress.However,their combined presence did not further exacerbate leaf growth reduction.Cd reduced root Ni accumulation by approximately 50%at equimolar concentrations,likely due to competitive inhibition at shared transport sites.Se promoted root growth in the presence of Ni and low Cd,suggesting an antioxidant role in mitigating metal-induced stress.However,high doses of Ni and Cd together significantly reduced Se accumulation(by 60%and 77%for Se^(4+)in roots and Se^(6+)in leaves,respectively)and caused severe oxidative stress in the presence of Se^(4+).The effectiveness of Se biofortification varied depending on the Se form:Se^(6+)was more effective at reducing Ni accumulation,while Se^(4+)effectively reduced Cd accumulation(by 45%‒75%)at low concentrations and Ni accumulation in the absence of Cd(by 50%).In conclusion,this study demonstrates that Se can mitigate Cd and Ni accumulation in rice.However,the co-presence of Cd and Ni may compromise Se enrichment in rice,highlighting the complexity of their interactions.
基金financial supports from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.:2022YFC3400700 and 2022YFA0806400)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project,China(Grant No.:2017SHZDZX01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:31821002).
文摘Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy is an excellent tool for simultaneous identification and quantification of metabolites(metabolomics).NMR quantification of human lipoprotein subfractions and their components has proven to be a powerful approach to reveal pathophysiological insights in numerous diseases[1,2].This method has now been standardized with excellent inter-laboratory reproducibility within 10 days for simultaneous quantification of 105 lipoprotein components and 24 low-molecular weight(LMW)metabolites[3];close clustering was also shown for 12 quality-control(QC)samples measured in 3 months although without statistical details[2].However,these reports[[1],[2],[3]]did not cover many vital parameters for lipoprotein components(e.g.,cholesterol-esters and total-lipids),fatty acids,and N-acetyl-glycoproteins(NAGs).
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021ZY62)the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(31901337)the 5·5 Engineering Research&Innovation Team Project of Beijing Forestry University(BLRC2023C06).
文摘Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis is a major hybrid species of timber plantations.However,our under-standing of Eucalyptus mitochondrial genome,especially within the Myrtaceae family,is limited.In this study,we employed hybrid sequencing combining the Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing to assemble and annotate the mitogenome(mtDNA)of E.urophylla×E.grandis.Our results reveal a structure characterized by one circular mol-ecule,with a cumulative length of 483,907 base pairs(bp)and a GC content of 44.96%.The circular molecule collec-tively harbored 59 annotated genes.Among these,38 were unique protein-coding genes(PCGs),accompanied by 18 transfer RNA(tRNA)genes and 3 ribosomal RNA(rRNA)genes.Our study also examined repetitive sequences,RNA editing sites,and intracellular sequence transfers within the mtDNA.Furthermore,we conducted a phylogenetic analy-sis between E.urophylla×E.grandis and 30 closely related species based on genetic affinities.The outcomes furnish a high-quality organelle genome for E.urophylla×E.grandis,thereby explaining basic insights into organelle genome evo-lution and phylogenetic relationships.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272120)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012120)+3 种基金the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A04J00359)Special Foundation for Introduction of Scientific Talents of GDAAS(R2022YJ-YB1003,R2021YJ-XD001)the Seed Industry Revitalization Project of Special Fund for Rural Revitalization Strategy in Guangdong Province(2024-NPY-00-001)Guangdong Key Laboratory of Rice Science and Technology(2023B1212060042)。
文摘The canonical CRISPR/Cas editors are constrained by the requirement for specific PAMs,which substantially limits their editable target range.Rice(particularly indica rice)is sensitive to low temperature,which impacts the yield and restricts the geographic distribution of rice.In this study,we developed PAM-flexible multiplex genome editing tools based on Sp G(recognising NGN-PAMs)and Sp RY(recognising NNN-PAMs)variants.We then tested the feasibility of using a sweet potato leaf curl virus(SPLCV)replicon-based expression vector and single-stranded DNA-binding domain(DBD)to improve the editing efficiency of these PAM-flexible editors.Furthermore,we used Sp G-mediated multiplex genome editing to achieve comprehensive improvement in cold tolerance in indica rice by editing WRKY transcription factors Os WRKY53 and Os WRKY63,to generate high cold-resistant indica rice lines.We concluded that these PAM-flexible multiplex genome editors are powerful tools for multi-gene editing for crop genetic improvement.
文摘The present investigation aims at unveiling the main causes of the recorded disparate phylogeographic patterning among the two highly dispersive coastal crab species Carcinus aestuarii and Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the Mediterranean Sea.For this purpose,available mitochondrial and nuclear data for both species were re-analyzed and investigated for genetic polymorphism and differentiation patterns across three defined geographic scales in their distribution ranges,but also across the same locations in the Mediterranean Sea.The temporal frame of genetic diversification was also determined for both species in order to check whether observed differences in phylogeographic patterns among these coastal decapods could be attributed to different evolutionary histories.The obtained results revealed a more variable and diversified gene pool in the green crab C.aestuarii than the one recorded in the marbled crab P.marmoratus.Lack of significant correlation between pairwise genetic dissimilarities observed among C.aestuarii populations and those detected for P.marmoratus was notably discerned across the same defined Mediterranean locations.This finding indicates that the pattern of pairwise genetic differentiation does not vary in the same way in both examined crab species.Significant outputs of population genetic differentiation,retrieved within both species,were shown to be differently associated with the potential effects of various kinds of isolation processes(related to geography,environment and biogeographic boundary).Evolutionary history reconstruction showed older genetic diversification event in C.aestuarii than the one recorded in P.marmoratus.These recorded temporal frames suggest different modes of genetic diversification in both crab species(glacial vicariance for C.aestuarii and interglacial dispersal for P.marmoratus).They may also provide an explanation for the recorded differences in variation of patterns of population genetic diversity and structure,when integrated with species ecological requirements and life-history traits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.32570426)the Key Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province,China(202101BC070003)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(QNTD202502)the STI 2030—Major Program(2022ZD0401605-2).
文摘Tetracentron sinense is a‘living fossil’tree in East Asia.Understanding how this‘living fossil’responds to climate change and adapts to local environments is critical for its conservation.Here,we used resequenced genomes to clarify the evolutionary history and adaptive potential of T.sinense.We identifiedsix divergent lineages in T.sinense:three lineages from southwestern China(Yunnan Province)and three lineages from the central subtropical region of China.Additionally,we detected hybridization events between some adjacent lineages.Demographic analysis revealed that over the past 10,000 years the effective population size(Ne)of three T.sinense lineages(i.e.,NORTH,SWEST,and YNWEST)increased after their last bottleneck and then remained stable,whereas that of the remaining three lineages(i.e.,YSEAST,YC,and EAST)declined steadily.The decline in effective population size in the Yunnan lineages aligned well with the decrease in genome-wide diversity and a significantincrease in the frequency of runs of homozygosity.Deleterious variants and positively selected sites were involved in the evolution of different lineages.Further,genotype–environment association(GEA)analyses indicated adaptation to temperature-and precipitation-related factors.Genomic offset analyses found the most vulnerable populations,while SC and SC-yad were predicted to better handle extreme changes.Our findingsprovide insights into the evolutionary history and conservation of T.sinense and enhance our understanding of the evolution of living fossil species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270217,31970205,31770211)Metasequoia funding of Nanjing Forestry University to YY。
文摘Amborella trichopoda(Amborellaceae;hereafter simply Amborella)(Fig.1A)is a shrub endemic to New Caledonia in the Southwest Pacific that represents the sole sister species of all other extant angiosperms(Qiu et al.,1999;One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative,2019).Due to its unique phylogenetic status,it holds tremendous interest for botanists.The nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of Amborella were first published in 2013,providing valuable resources for studies on genome and gene family evolution,phylogenomics,and flower development,despite the fact that the assembly is heavily fragmented(Amborella Genome Project,2013;Rice et al.,2013).In 2024,a haplotype-resolved Amborella genome assembly was published,showing significant improvement in quality and completeness(Carey et al.,2024).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)grants(32030020,32288101,32470649,323B2013,32300499,32270665)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2605400)+1 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Program(25JS2810100,23JS1410100,QNKJ2024023)the Office of Global Partnerships(Key Projects Development Fund).
文摘Recent advancements in genome sequencing have enabled the estimation of genetic load through deleterious mutation profiling.However,Chinese populations remain underexplored in this context.We analyze whole-exome sequencing data from 5002 individuals,encompassing major Han subgroups―North Han(NHan),South Han(S-Han),and Guangxi Han(G-Han)―as well as 13 ethnic minorities.Notably,G-Han exhibits significant genetic affinity with the Zhuang population.Systematic curation of 2110 ClinVar pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants reveals 93.4%are ultra-rare.Exceptions include GJB2 rs72474224-A(hearing loss),which shows higher frequencies in Zhuang and G-Han,and β-thalassemia-associated HBB variants(rs33986703-A and rs33950507-T),which are elevated in G-Han compared to other Han subgroups.Among 96 autosomal dominant mutation carriers,LDLR variants are predominant(~25%),with comparable frequencies across Han subgroups.Adaptive signatures highlight gene-environment interactions:MTHFR rs1801133-A(UV adaptation)declines southward,while ALDH2 rs671-A(alcohol metabolism)displays the opposite trend.ABCC11 rs17822931-A,associated with cold adaptation,is particularly low frequency in G-Han.Gene-based rare-variant collapsing analyses identify an elevated risk of retinitis pigmentosa in S-Han(PRPF4,TUB).Our findings demonstrate that genetic load in Chinese populations is influenced by demographic history,population structure,and regional adaptation,emphasizing the importance of population-specific frameworks in precision medicine.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31372019)Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture(North China)Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China(kf2017015)the Beijing Municipal Education Commission(CEFF-PXM2017_014207_000043)
文摘CBF/DREB proteins play a critical role in abiotic stress-mediated gene expression and represent attractive regulons for plant breeding programs.However,no study has been conducted for CBF/DREB protein-related genes in jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.).In this study,twenty-five ZjDREB genes were identified and annotated from the jujube(Z.jujuba‘Dongzao’)genome.Detailed analysis,including gene classification,annotation,phylogenetic evaluation,conserved motif determination and expression profiling were performed on all genes.Phylogenetic analysis showed that ZjDREB proteins were divided into five subgroups(A1–A5),but lacking a subgroup A6 corresponding to AtDREBs.The ZjDREB genes were distributed in nine of twelve chromosomes in the genome.Additionally,the expression patterns of the DREB genes under different abiotic stresses were investigated using q RT-PCR.Nineteen ZjDREB genes were down-regulated under low temperature,in contrast six ZjDREB genes(01,03,05,11,23 and 24)were up-regulated.Under drought,salinity and high temperature conditions,expression of ZjDREB03,09,10,14,15,17 and 20 genes were induced and showed similar expression patterns,suggesting that various stress conditions share common elements in the signaling pathway.The results suggest that the family of DREB genes play an important role in abiotic stresses in jujube,and provide a foundation for further functional studies of this important class of transcriptional regulators.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China (No 2007CB116307)Forestry Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs (No 2006BAD01A15-3)
文摘Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins （PGIPs） are extracellular proteins that belong to the leucine-rich repeat （LRR） protein superfamily. PGIPs inhibit fungal polygalacturonases （PGs） and promote accumulation of oligogalacturonides, which activate plant defense responses. PGIPs play important roles in resistance to infection of pathogens. In this study, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RLM-RACE） were used to isolate the full-length PGIP cDNA from Populus deltoides （GenBank accession no. of PdPGIP2 and PdPGIP4：EF684913 and EF684912）. Domain analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequences of PdPGIP2 and PdPGIP4 had a typical PGIP topology. Phylogenetic analysis of known PGIPs indicated that the two PdPGIPs were clustered to the defense-related PGIP clade. Using real-time RT-PCR, the expression patterns of the two PdPGIPs following treatment with a fungal pathogen and defense-related signaling molecules were studied. The expression levels of PdPGIP2 and PdPGIP4 were both up-regulated when inoculated with the phytopathogenic fungus Marssonina brunnea. Therefore, it was proposed that the two PGIPs might be involved in the resistance to Marssonina brunnea in P. deltoides.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0600404-1)Medium and Long Scientific Research Project for Young Teachers in Beijing Forestry University(2015ZCQ-SW-02)+2 种基金the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370658)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT13047)the Project of Beijing Gardening and Greening Bureau(CEG-2016-01)
文摘Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr is a dominant species in coniferous forests of North China.However,early selection of L.principis-rupprechtii for growth traits is poorly characterised.To explore the optimal selection age for this species,heights(HT)and diameters at breast(DBH)of 40 half-sib families were measured at ages 3,12,22,and 28 years in a progeny test population established in the town of Kangjiahui,Shanxi Province.Age trends in heritability,age–age genetic correlations,and early selection efficiency for height and DBH were analysed.The individual heritability of these growth traits varied over time,and maximized at different ages(0.55 at age 12 for HT and 0.48 at age 28 for DBH).The age–age genetic correlations were always positive,and the majority were high(0.790–0.953)between the juvenile and mature ages for HT and DBH.For the same pairs of measurements,HT demonstrated higher age–age genetic correlations than DBH,and both age–age genetic correlation data sets were described well by the linear relationship with the logarithm of the age ratio(r^(2)>0.90).The regression slope for DBH was lower than that for HT.Based on the early selection efficiency estimates,the optimal selection age could be as early as age 6 for DBH and 8–9 years for HT.The results of this study provide information that can be used to assist early selection practices in L.principis-rupprechtii improvement programs in Shanxi Province.
基金supported by the National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2019FY101102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073626,81773501)+5 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0901404)the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project(No.J200016)the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority(No.XXZ0204)the Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme(No.QML20201101)Sanming Project of Shenzhen(No.SZSM201612061)the Beijing Nova Program(No.Z201100006820093)。
文摘Objective:This study aimed to develop and validate a risk scoring system to identify high-risk individuals carrying malignant lesions in stomach for tailored gastric cancer screening.Methods:A gastric cancer risk scoring system(GC-RSS)was developed based on questionnaire-based predictors for gastric cancer derived from systematic literature review.To assess the capability of this system for discrimination,risk scores for 8,214 and 7,235 outpatient subjects accepting endoscopic examination in two endoscopy centers,and 32,630 participants in a community-based cohort in China were calculated to plot receiver operating characteristic curves and generate area under the curve(AUC).To evaluate the performance of GC-RSS,the screening proportion,sensitivity and detection rate ratio compared to universal screening were used under different risk score cutoff values.Results:GC-RSS comprised nine predictors including advanced age,male gender,low body mass index(<18.5 kg/m^(2)),family history of gastric cancer,cigarette smoking,consumption of alcohol,preference for salty food,irregularity of meals and consumption of preserved food.This tool performed well in determining the risk of malignant gastric lesions with AUCs of 0.763,0.706 and 0.696 in three validation sets.When subjects with risk scores≥5 were evaluated with endoscopy,nearly 50%of these endoscopies could be saved with a detection rate of over 1.5 times achieved.When the cutoff was set at 8,only about 10%of subjects with the highest risk would be offered endoscopy,and detection rates for gastric cancer could be increased 2-4 fold compared to universal screening.Conclusions:An effective questionnaire-based GC-RSS was developed and validated.This tool may play an important role in establishing a tailored screening strategy for gastric cancer in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30930102, 81473033)the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2016YFC0901404)+2 种基金the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority (No. XXZ0204)the Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital (No. 2017-4)the Open Project funded by the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing (No. 2017-10)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of identifying cancer patients by use of medical claims data in a health insurance system in China, and provide the basis for establishing the claims-based cancer surveillance system in China.Methods: We chose Hua County, Henan Province as the study site, and randomly selected 300 and 1,200 qualified inpatient electronic medical records(EMRs) as well as the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme(NCMS) claims records for cancer patients in Hua County People’s Hospital(HCPH) and Anyang Cancer Hospital(ACH) in 2017. Diagnostic information for NCMS claims was evaluated on an individual level, and sensitivity and positive predictive value(PPV) were calculated taking the EMRs as the gold standard.Results: The sensitivity of NCMS was 95.2%(93.8%-96.3%) and 92.0%(88.3%-94.8%) in ACH and HCPH,respectively. The PPV of the NCMS was 97.8%(96.7%-98.5%) in ACH and 89.0%(84.9%-92.3%) in HCPH.Overall, the weighted and combined sensitivity and PPV of NCMS in Hua County was 93.1% and 92.1%,respectively. Significantly higher sensitivity and PPV in identifying patients with common cancers than noncommon cancers were detected in HCPH and ACH separately(P<0.01).Conclusions: Identification of cancer patients by use of the NCMS is accurate on individual level, and it is therefore feasible to conduct claims-based cancer surveillance in areas not covered by cancer registries in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31360543 and 31760655)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-39)+1 种基金the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Cashmere and Wool Sheep, China (2016D03017)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation, China (2017M623287)
文摘As a member of the Frizzled family, Frizzled3 (FZD3) is a receptor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays a vital role in mammalian hair follicle developmental processes. However, its effects on wool traits are not clear. The objectives of this study were to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the expression patterns of FZD3 gene, and then to determine whether it affected wool traits of Chinese Merino sheep (Xinjiang Type) or not. PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing were used to identify mutation loci, and general linear model (GLM) with SAS 9.1 was used for the association analysis between wool traits and SNPs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to investigate FZD3 gene expression levels. The results showed that six exons of FZD3 gene were amplified and two mutation loci were identified in exon 1 (NC_019459.2: g.101771685 T>C (SNP1)) and exon 3 (NC_019459.2: g.101810848, A>C (SNP2)), respectively. Association analysis showed that SNP1 was significantly associated with mean fiber diameter (MFD)(P=0.04) and live weight (LW)(P=0.0004), SNP2 was significantly associated with greasy fleece weight (GFW)(P=0.04). The expression level of FZD3 gene in skin tissues of the superfine wool (SF) group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the fine wool (F) group. Moreover, it had a higher expression level (P<0.01) in skin tissues than in other tissues of Chinese Merino ewes. While, its expression level had a fluctuant expression in skin tissues at different developmental stages of embryos and born lambs, with the highest expression levels (P<0.01) at the 65th day of embryos. Our study revealed the genetic relationship between FZD3 variants and wool traits and two identified SNPs might serve as potential and valuable genetic markers for sheep breeding and lay a molecular genetic foundation for sheep marker-assisted selection (MAS).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32071816)the Opening Preject of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Grant No. K2021101)Special Fund for Beijing Common Construction Project。
文摘Prunus mume is an important woody plant that has high ornamental and economic value, widely distributed and used in landscape architecture in East Asia. In plants, basic(region) leucine zipper(bZIP) transcription factors play important regulatory roles in growth, development,dormancy and abiotic stress. To date, bZIP transcription factors have not been systematically studied in P. mume. In this study, 49 bZIP genes were first identified in P. mume, and the PmbZIP family was divided into 12 groups according to the grouping principles for the Arabidopsis thaliana bZIP family. For the first time, we constructed a detailed model of the PmbZIP domains(R-x_(3)–N-(x)_7-R/K-x_(2)-K-x_(6)-L-x_(6)-L-_(6)-L). Phylogenetic and synteny analyses showed that PmbZIPs duplication events might have occurred during the large-scale genome duplication events. A relatively short time of speciation and the finding that 91.84% of the bZIP genes formed orthologous pairs between P. mume and Prunus armeniaca provided evidence of a close relationship. Gene expression patterns were analysed in different tissues and periods, indicating that PmbZIP genes with the same motifs exhibited similar expression patterns. The gene expression results showed that PmbZIP31/36/41 genes played a more prominent role in the response to freezing stress than cold stress. The expression level of almost all subset Ⅲ genes was upregulated under freezing treatment, especially after cold exposure. We analysed the gene expression patterns of PmbZIP12/31/36/41/48 and their responses to low-temperature stress, which provided useful resources for future studies on the cold/freezing-tolerant molecular breeding of P. mume.
基金supported by the Beijing High-Precision Discipline Project,Discipline of Ecological Environment of Urban and Rural Human Settlements and the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1000400)。
文摘Rose is a highly significant ornamental plant with substantial edible and medicinal value,cultivated worldwide primarily for perfume production.Recently,Rosa yangii,a new species found in northwestern Yunnan,China,has drawn attention due to its strong sweet scented flowers.In this study,the floral components of R.yangii were extracted at different flowering stages using solid phase micro extraction(SPME)and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A total of 131 volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were detected from R.yangii,including 69 odor compounds.The production and release of floral VOCs were the highest during the initial-open stage,making it the most suitable time for harvesting as a significant number of floral components were synthesized and preserved.The analysis of the odor activity values(OAV)highlighted several key aromatic ingredients of R.yangii,such as eugenol,methyleugenol,benzeneacetaldehyde and phenylethylalcohol,heptanal,decanal,(E)-2-hexen-1-yl acetate,caryophyllene,and others.Metabolome and time-order gene co-expression networks(TO-GCN)revealed that VOCs and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids,along with associated genes,played a pivotal role in the overall floral regulatory network of R.yangii.MYB and bHLH were identified as the essential regulatory factors governing the regulation of eugenol synthase(EGS)and isoeugenol synthase(IGS),consequently influencing the sweet scent of R.yangii.The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for enhancing fragrance through molecular breeding of ornamental plants.Furthermore,the study facilitated the development and utilization of this new plant’s essential oil material in various industries,including food storage,aromatherapy,cosmetic,and perfumery.
