The present study proposes a novel and simplified methodology to assess the seismic bearing capacity(SBC) of a shallow strip footing by incorporating strength non-linearity arising due to partial saturation of a soil ...The present study proposes a novel and simplified methodology to assess the seismic bearing capacity(SBC) of a shallow strip footing by incorporating strength non-linearity arising due to partial saturation of a soil matrix. Furthermore, developed methodology incorporates the modal response analysis of soil layers to assess SBC. A constant matric suction distribution profile has been considered throughout the depth of the soil. The Van Genuchten equation and corresponding fitting parameters have been considered to quantify matric suction in the analysis. SBC has been obtained for three different geomaterials;viz. sand, fly ash and clay, based on their predominant grain size and diverse soil water characteristics curve(SWCC) attributes. Variation of SBC with different modes of vibration and damping ratio are reported for ranges of matric suction pertinent to the geomaterials considered in the study. The relative significance of matric suction on SBC has been reported for suction values within the transition zone of each geomaterial. It is observed that the SBC of sand is drastically reduced, with matric suction reaching beyond the residual suction value. The SBC of fly ash remains constant beyond the residual suction value, whereas the SBC of clay shows an increasing trend toward the practical range of matric suction values.展开更多
A comparative study of the seismic performance of 2×1 pile groups considering different degrees of batter(0°for vertical,10°and 20°)embedded in single homogeneous liquefiable sand through fully cou...A comparative study of the seismic performance of 2×1 pile groups considering different degrees of batter(0°for vertical,10°and 20°)embedded in single homogeneous liquefiable sand through fully coupled three-dimensional dynamic analyses is presented.The effects of inertial interaction are considered with structures having two different periods.The performance of pile groups is investigated for the fixed and pinned pile to cap connections for both floating and end bearing types of pile groups.Slenderness ratios of piles were also varied to enable a comprehensive understanding.Investigations have been carried out for three earthquake motions having varied dominant frequencies.It is observed that batter pile groups in liquefiable soils provide beneficial effects on piles and superstructure responses for both fixed and pinned head pile to cap connections for long period structures.However,for short period structures,a beneficial effect is most evident for fixed head connection.展开更多
The present research work attempted to delineate and characterize the reservoir facies from the Dawson Canyon Formation in the Penobscot field,Scotian Basin.An integrated study of instantaneous frequency,P-impedance,v...The present research work attempted to delineate and characterize the reservoir facies from the Dawson Canyon Formation in the Penobscot field,Scotian Basin.An integrated study of instantaneous frequency,P-impedance,volume of clay and neutron-porosity attributes,and structural framework was done to unravel the Late Cretaceous depositional system and reservoir facies distribution patterns within the study area.Fault strikes were found in the EW and NEE-SWW directions indicating the dominant course of tectonic activities during the Late Cretaceous period in the region.P-impedance was estimated using model-based seismic inversion.Petrophysical properties such as the neutron porosity(NPHI)and volume of clay(VCL)were estimated using the multilayer perceptron neural network with high accuracy.Comparatively,a combination of low instantaneous frequency(15-30 Hz),moderate to high impedance(7000-9500 gm/cc*m/s),low neutron porosity(27%-40%)and low volume of clay(40%-60%),suggests fair-to-good sandstone development in the Dawson Canyon Formation.After calibration with the welllog data,it is found that further lowering in these attribute responses signifies the clean sandstone facies possibly containing hydrocarbons.The present study suggests that the shale lithofacies dominates the Late Cretaceous deposition(Dawson Canyon Formation)in the Penobscot field,Scotian Basin.Major faults and overlying shale facies provide structural and stratigraphic seals and act as a suitable hydrocarbon entrapment mechanism in the Dawson Canyon Formation's reservoirs.The present research advocates the integrated analysis of multi-attributes estimated using different methods to minimize the risk involved in hydrocarbon exploration.展开更多
Cannibalism is an intriguing life history trait, that has been considered primarily in the predator, in predator-prey population models. Recent experimental evidence shows that prey cannibalism can have a significant ...Cannibalism is an intriguing life history trait, that has been considered primarily in the predator, in predator-prey population models. Recent experimental evidence shows that prey cannibalism can have a significant impact on predator-prey population dyna- mics in natural communities. Motivated by these experimental results, we investigate a ratio-dependent Holling-Tanner model, where cannibalism occurs simultaneously in both the predator and prey species. We show that depending on parameters, whilst prey or predator cannibalism acting alone leads to instability, their joint effect can actually stabilize the unstable interior equilibrium. Furthermore, in the spatially explicit model, we find that depending on parameters, prey and predator cannibalism acting jointly can cause spatial patterns to form, while not so acting individually. We discuss ecologicalconsequences of these findings in light of food chain dynamics, invasive species control and climate change.展开更多
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulatory cell necrosis induced by iron overload and lipid peroxidation.It occurs when multiple redoxactive enzymes are ectopically expressed or show abnormal function.Hence,the preci...Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulatory cell necrosis induced by iron overload and lipid peroxidation.It occurs when multiple redoxactive enzymes are ectopically expressed or show abnormal function.Hence,the precise regulation of ferroptosis-related molecules is mediated across multiple levels,including transcriptional,posttranscriptional,translational,and epigenetic levels.N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is a highly evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modification in mammals.The m^(6)A modification is commonly linked to tumor proliferation,progression,and therapy resistance because it is involved in RNA metabolic processes.Intriguingly,accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated ferroptosis caused by the m^(6)A modification drives tumor development.In this review,we summarized the roles of m^(6)A regulators in ferroptosis-mediated malignant tumor progression and outlined the m^(6)A regulatory mechanism involved in ferroptosis pathways.We also analyzed the potential value and application strategies of targeting m^(6)A/ferroptosis pathway in the clinical diagnosis and therapy of tumors.展开更多
Sudden and unforeseen seismic failures of coal mine overburden(OB)dump slopes interrupt mining operations,cause loss of lives and delay the production of coal.Consideration of the spatial heterogeneity of OB dump mate...Sudden and unforeseen seismic failures of coal mine overburden(OB)dump slopes interrupt mining operations,cause loss of lives and delay the production of coal.Consideration of the spatial heterogeneity of OB dump materials is imperative for an adequate evaluation of the seismic stability of OB dump slopes.In this study,pseudo-static seismic stability analyses are carried out for an OB dump slope by considering the material parameters obtained from an insitu field investigation.Spatial heterogeneity is simulated through use of the random finite element method(RFEM)and the random limit equilibrium method(RLEM)and a comparative study is presented.Combinations of horizontal and vertical spatial correlation lengths were considered for simulating isotropic and anisotropic random fields within the OB dump slope.Seismic performances of the slope have been reported through the probability of failure and reliability index.It was observed that the RLEM approach overestimates failure probability(P_(f))by considering seismic stability with spatial heterogeneity.The P_(f)was observed to increase with an increase in the coefficient of variation of friction angle of the dump materials.Further,it was inferred that the RLEM approach may not be adequately applicable for assessing the seismic stability of an OB dump slope for a horizontal seismic coefficient that is more than or equal to 0.1.展开更多
Web-like obstacles,such as safety nets,represent a unique hazard for drones,and especially UAVs(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles).Fencing and netting are particularly difficult to distinguish from the background using either ...Web-like obstacles,such as safety nets,represent a unique hazard for drones,and especially UAVs(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles).Fencing and netting are particularly difficult to distinguish from the background using either computer vision,lidar and sonar.In contrast,animals such as flying insects may detect these web-like obstacles using Optic Flow(OF),and more precisely motion parallax.A netting-avoidance solution was proposed using a OF-based detection method.The netting detection method was based on a signature defined by the shape of the OF magnitude across the visual field.We established that the OF shape depends on the orientation of the netting in relation to the hexarotor’s movement.This paper demonstrates netting detection in real-world experiments,according to any direction flight made by the UAV along the net.The proposed NOWA method(which stands for Netting Optical floW-based distinction Algorithm)separates the OF signatures belonging to these different surfaces-netting or background-whatever their orientations.By extracting the OF signatures of these different surfaces and separating them,the proposed visual method can estimate their relative locations and orientations.In a robotic simulations,the multirotor explores and navigates automatically using this netting detection method,using saccades to avoid obstacles.In the simulations,these saccades are also used to simplify netting detection by orienting itself systematically parallel to these planes,a behavior reminiscent of flying insects.展开更多
This review provided an updated synthesis of current knowledge regarding the processing, chemical constituents, pharmacological properties, and clinical applications of white tea (Camellia sinensis), commonly known as...This review provided an updated synthesis of current knowledge regarding the processing, chemical constituents, pharmacological properties, and clinical applications of white tea (Camellia sinensis), commonly known as WT. Information was collated from reliable sources, including Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, PubChem, J-Stage, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). In China, WT, referred to as “Bai Cha”, is a prized spring tea harvested during early spring when the young tea plant leaf buds are still covered with delicate, downy white hairs. Fujian Province serves as the primary production region. WT processing is minimal, involving withering as the most crucial step, followed by drying. This simple process preserves its unique qualities and chemical integrity. The dominant phenolic compounds in WT are flavonoids, including catechins, dimeric catechins, flavones, flavonols, and flavanones. Additional constituents encompass phenolic acids, alkaloids, glycosides, and amino acids. These bioactive compounds contribute to WT’s diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, and male reproductive health benefits. To date, seven clinical studies have investigated the therapeutic potential of WT. These include two studies each on its use as a mouth rinse and its anti-obesity effects, and one study each focusing on its applications in managing diabetes, periodontitis, and depression. Perspectives on WT’s broader implications and opportunities for future research are also explored, highlighting its potential for expanded therapeutic applications.展开更多
GrpE-like 1(GRPEL1)-carrying exosomes derived from synovial mesenchymal stem cells(SMSC)prevent mitochondrial dysfunction associated with osteoarthritis(OA)by activating PINK1-mediated mitophagy,restoring chondrocyte ...GrpE-like 1(GRPEL1)-carrying exosomes derived from synovial mesenchymal stem cells(SMSC)prevent mitochondrial dysfunction associated with osteoarthritis(OA)by activating PINK1-mediated mitophagy,restoring chondrocyte function,and preserving the extracellular matrix both in vitro and in vivo.Bioinformatics analysis of human OA datasets identified GRPEL1 as a mitophagyrelated gene that is downregulated in OA.Exosomes enriched with GRPEL1 derived from SMSCs enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production,reduced lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species,increased mitophagy markers(PINK1,Parkin,LC3-II/I),decreased p62 levels,and alleviated cartilage degeneration in a rat destabilization model.A causal role for mitophagy is supported by coimmunoprecipitation experiments confirming a GRPEL1-PINK1 interaction,and by PINK1 knockdown,which diminishes the protective effects of GRPEL1.These findings suggest that exosomes enriched with GRPEL1 derived from SMSCs represents a promising disease-modifying approach for OA by targeting mitochondrial quality control.展开更多
BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)accounts for approximately half of heart failure cases and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.Beta-blockers(BB)and calcium channel blockers(...BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)accounts for approximately half of heart failure cases and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.Beta-blockers(BB)and calcium channel blockers(CCB)are commonly used for symptom control and comorbidity management,but their comparative effectiveness and safety remain unclear.AIM To compare the effectiveness and safety of BB vs CCB in patients with HFpEF using simulated real-world data and propensity score-matched analyses.METHODS Simulated data for 4000 HFpEF patients(2000 BB,2000 CCB)were generated based on distributions extracted from electronic medical records spanning 2014-2023.Inclusion criteria included adults with left ventricular ejection fraction≥50%and initiation of BB or CCB.Effectiveness outcomes encompassed mortality,heart failure hospitalizations,and changes in clinical parameters.Safety outcomes included bradycardia,hypotension,and drug discontinuation.Statistical analyses used t-tests,χ2 tests,Cox proportional hazards models for hazard ratios(HR),and incidence rate ratios(IRR)in R software.Propensity score matching(PSM)was performed to balance baseline characteristics,with outcomes reassessed in the matched cohort.RESULTS Baseline characteristics were largely balanced,with minor differences in sex,chronic kidney disease,systolic blood pressure,and left atrial volume index.BB demonstrated lower all-cause mortality(crude HR 0.78,95%CI:0.70-0.87,P=0.003),heart failure hospitalization(crude HR 0.86,95%CI:0.77-0.96,P=0.031),and composite endpoint(crude HR 0.85,95%CI:0.79-0.91,P<0.001)rates compared to CCB.IRR for heart failure hospitalizations and emergency visits favored BB.Safety profiles showed higher symptomatic bradycardia(9.2%vs 4.9%,P<0.001)and drug discontinuation(11.3%vs 9.3%,P=0.043)with BB,and higher hypotension(7.2%vs 11.5%,P<0.001)with CCB.Matched analyses showed all-cause mortality rates of 0.0622 per person-year for BB vs 0.0649 for CCB(HR 0.96,95%CI:0.85-1.08),heart failure hospitalization rates of 0.0751 vs 0.0888(HR 0.84,95%CI:0.75-0.94),and IRR for number of heart failure hospitalizations of 1.65 for CCB vs BB(95%CI:1.51-1.80,P<0.001).CONCLUSION BB may offer potential advantages in reducing mortality and hospitalizations in HFpEF compared to CCB,with distinct safety considerations.PSM confirmed these trends with reduced confounding.Personalized therapy is recommended,warranting prospective trials for validation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Polycythemia vera(PV)is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by excessive blood cell production,which increases the risk of thrombosis.Ropeginterferon alfa-2b(RI)offers potential advantages over stan...BACKGROUND Polycythemia vera(PV)is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by excessive blood cell production,which increases the risk of thrombosis.Ropeginterferon alfa-2b(RI)offers potential advantages over standard therapy(ST;including phlebotomy,hydroxyurea,and aspirin)by achieving hematologic and molecular responses.However,its comparative efficacy and safety remain understudied.We hypothesized that RI would improve hematologic and molecular outcomes but may differ in safety profiles compared to ST.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of RI vs ST in patients with PV,focusing on hematologic response,molecular response,adverse events(AEs),and thrombotic risk.METHODS This Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials comparing RI to ST in adult PV patients.PubMed,EMBASE,ClinicalTrials.gov,and ScienceDirect were searched from inception to July 2025.Outcomes included complete hematological response(CHR),molecular response,AEs leading to discontinuation,JAK2V617F allele burden,thrombotic events,and phlebotomy frequency.Pooled odds ratios(ORs)and MD with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were calculated using random-effects models.Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane RoB 2;evidence certainty was evaluated via GRADE.RESULTS Five studies involving 477 RI and 456 ST patients were included.RI significantly improved CHR(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.18-3.88,P=0.002)and molecular response(OR=4.37,95%CI:0.99-19.38,P=0.05),with substantial heterogeneity(I²=76%and I²=93%,respectively).AEs leading to discontinuation were higher with RI(OR=3.89,95%CI:1.90-7.97,P=0.0002;I²=0%).No significant differences were observed in JAK2V617F allele burden(MD=-7.46,95%CI:-21.12 to 6.20,P=0.28;I²=90%)or thrombotic events(OR=0.93,95%CI:0.45-1.90,P=0.83;I²=0%).RI reduced phlebotomy frequency(MD=-1.52,95%CI:-2.37 to-0.67,P=0.0005;I²=0%).Most studies had low to moderate risk of bias;evidence certainty was moderate for CHR and AEs,low for molecular response and thrombotic events,and very low for allele burden.CONCLUSION RI offers superior hematologic and molecular responses compared to ST in PV but is associated with higher discontinuation rates due to AEs.Comparable thrombotic risk and reduced phlebotomy needs highlight its potential,though tolerability requires careful management.The high heterogeneity in certain outcomes and potential for publication bias warrant cautious interpretation of these findings.Further long-term studies are needed to optimize dosing and patient selection.展开更多
文摘The present study proposes a novel and simplified methodology to assess the seismic bearing capacity(SBC) of a shallow strip footing by incorporating strength non-linearity arising due to partial saturation of a soil matrix. Furthermore, developed methodology incorporates the modal response analysis of soil layers to assess SBC. A constant matric suction distribution profile has been considered throughout the depth of the soil. The Van Genuchten equation and corresponding fitting parameters have been considered to quantify matric suction in the analysis. SBC has been obtained for three different geomaterials;viz. sand, fly ash and clay, based on their predominant grain size and diverse soil water characteristics curve(SWCC) attributes. Variation of SBC with different modes of vibration and damping ratio are reported for ranges of matric suction pertinent to the geomaterials considered in the study. The relative significance of matric suction on SBC has been reported for suction values within the transition zone of each geomaterial. It is observed that the SBC of sand is drastically reduced, with matric suction reaching beyond the residual suction value. The SBC of fly ash remains constant beyond the residual suction value, whereas the SBC of clay shows an increasing trend toward the practical range of matric suction values.
基金Ministry of Earth Sciences,Govt.of India,for Providing Financial Assistance for the Research(Project No.MoES/P.O.(Seismo)/1(303)/2017)。
文摘A comparative study of the seismic performance of 2×1 pile groups considering different degrees of batter(0°for vertical,10°and 20°)embedded in single homogeneous liquefiable sand through fully coupled three-dimensional dynamic analyses is presented.The effects of inertial interaction are considered with structures having two different periods.The performance of pile groups is investigated for the fixed and pinned pile to cap connections for both floating and end bearing types of pile groups.Slenderness ratios of piles were also varied to enable a comprehensive understanding.Investigations have been carried out for three earthquake motions having varied dominant frequencies.It is observed that batter pile groups in liquefiable soils provide beneficial effects on piles and superstructure responses for both fixed and pinned head pile to cap connections for long period structures.However,for short period structures,a beneficial effect is most evident for fixed head connection.
文摘The present research work attempted to delineate and characterize the reservoir facies from the Dawson Canyon Formation in the Penobscot field,Scotian Basin.An integrated study of instantaneous frequency,P-impedance,volume of clay and neutron-porosity attributes,and structural framework was done to unravel the Late Cretaceous depositional system and reservoir facies distribution patterns within the study area.Fault strikes were found in the EW and NEE-SWW directions indicating the dominant course of tectonic activities during the Late Cretaceous period in the region.P-impedance was estimated using model-based seismic inversion.Petrophysical properties such as the neutron porosity(NPHI)and volume of clay(VCL)were estimated using the multilayer perceptron neural network with high accuracy.Comparatively,a combination of low instantaneous frequency(15-30 Hz),moderate to high impedance(7000-9500 gm/cc*m/s),low neutron porosity(27%-40%)and low volume of clay(40%-60%),suggests fair-to-good sandstone development in the Dawson Canyon Formation.After calibration with the welllog data,it is found that further lowering in these attribute responses signifies the clean sandstone facies possibly containing hydrocarbons.The present study suggests that the shale lithofacies dominates the Late Cretaceous deposition(Dawson Canyon Formation)in the Penobscot field,Scotian Basin.Major faults and overlying shale facies provide structural and stratigraphic seals and act as a suitable hydrocarbon entrapment mechanism in the Dawson Canyon Formation's reservoirs.The present research advocates the integrated analysis of multi-attributes estimated using different methods to minimize the risk involved in hydrocarbon exploration.
文摘Cannibalism is an intriguing life history trait, that has been considered primarily in the predator, in predator-prey population models. Recent experimental evidence shows that prey cannibalism can have a significant impact on predator-prey population dyna- mics in natural communities. Motivated by these experimental results, we investigate a ratio-dependent Holling-Tanner model, where cannibalism occurs simultaneously in both the predator and prey species. We show that depending on parameters, whilst prey or predator cannibalism acting alone leads to instability, their joint effect can actually stabilize the unstable interior equilibrium. Furthermore, in the spatially explicit model, we find that depending on parameters, prey and predator cannibalism acting jointly can cause spatial patterns to form, while not so acting individually. We discuss ecologicalconsequences of these findings in light of food chain dynamics, invasive species control and climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172592)the Free Exploration Program of Central South University(2021zzts0934)the program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(111-2-12)。
文摘Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulatory cell necrosis induced by iron overload and lipid peroxidation.It occurs when multiple redoxactive enzymes are ectopically expressed or show abnormal function.Hence,the precise regulation of ferroptosis-related molecules is mediated across multiple levels,including transcriptional,posttranscriptional,translational,and epigenetic levels.N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is a highly evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modification in mammals.The m^(6)A modification is commonly linked to tumor proliferation,progression,and therapy resistance because it is involved in RNA metabolic processes.Intriguingly,accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated ferroptosis caused by the m^(6)A modification drives tumor development.In this review,we summarized the roles of m^(6)A regulators in ferroptosis-mediated malignant tumor progression and outlined the m^(6)A regulatory mechanism involved in ferroptosis pathways.We also analyzed the potential value and application strategies of targeting m^(6)A/ferroptosis pathway in the clinical diagnosis and therapy of tumors.
基金the financial support provided by MHRD,Govt.of IndiaCoal India Limited for providing financial assistance for the research(Project No.CIL/R&D/01/73/2021)the partial financial support provided by the Ministry of Education,Government of India,under SPARC project(Project No.P1207)。
文摘Sudden and unforeseen seismic failures of coal mine overburden(OB)dump slopes interrupt mining operations,cause loss of lives and delay the production of coal.Consideration of the spatial heterogeneity of OB dump materials is imperative for an adequate evaluation of the seismic stability of OB dump slopes.In this study,pseudo-static seismic stability analyses are carried out for an OB dump slope by considering the material parameters obtained from an insitu field investigation.Spatial heterogeneity is simulated through use of the random finite element method(RFEM)and the random limit equilibrium method(RLEM)and a comparative study is presented.Combinations of horizontal and vertical spatial correlation lengths were considered for simulating isotropic and anisotropic random fields within the OB dump slope.Seismic performances of the slope have been reported through the probability of failure and reliability index.It was observed that the RLEM approach overestimates failure probability(P_(f))by considering seismic stability with spatial heterogeneity.The P_(f)was observed to increase with an increase in the coefficient of variation of friction angle of the dump materials.Further,it was inferred that the RLEM approach may not be adequately applicable for assessing the seismic stability of an OB dump slope for a horizontal seismic coefficient that is more than or equal to 0.1.
基金The participation of X.D.in this research was made possible by the joint PhD grant from the Agence Innovation Défense(AID)and Aix-Marseille UniversityFinancial support for the running costs was provided via a ProxiLearn project grant(ANR-19-ASTR-0009)to F.R.+2 种基金via SpotReturn project grant(ANR-21-ASRO-0001-02)to T.R.and F.R.from the ANR(Astrid Program)X.D.and F.R.were also supported by Aix Marseille University and the CNRS(Life Science,Information Science,and Engineering and Science&technology Institutes)The facilities for the experimental tests has been mainly provided by ROBOTEX 2.0(Grants ROBOTEX ANR-10-EQPX-44-01 and TIRREX ANR-21-ESRE-0015).
文摘Web-like obstacles,such as safety nets,represent a unique hazard for drones,and especially UAVs(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles).Fencing and netting are particularly difficult to distinguish from the background using either computer vision,lidar and sonar.In contrast,animals such as flying insects may detect these web-like obstacles using Optic Flow(OF),and more precisely motion parallax.A netting-avoidance solution was proposed using a OF-based detection method.The netting detection method was based on a signature defined by the shape of the OF magnitude across the visual field.We established that the OF shape depends on the orientation of the netting in relation to the hexarotor’s movement.This paper demonstrates netting detection in real-world experiments,according to any direction flight made by the UAV along the net.The proposed NOWA method(which stands for Netting Optical floW-based distinction Algorithm)separates the OF signatures belonging to these different surfaces-netting or background-whatever their orientations.By extracting the OF signatures of these different surfaces and separating them,the proposed visual method can estimate their relative locations and orientations.In a robotic simulations,the multirotor explores and navigates automatically using this netting detection method,using saccades to avoid obstacles.In the simulations,these saccades are also used to simplify netting detection by orienting itself systematically parallel to these planes,a behavior reminiscent of flying insects.
文摘This review provided an updated synthesis of current knowledge regarding the processing, chemical constituents, pharmacological properties, and clinical applications of white tea (Camellia sinensis), commonly known as WT. Information was collated from reliable sources, including Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, PubChem, J-Stage, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). In China, WT, referred to as “Bai Cha”, is a prized spring tea harvested during early spring when the young tea plant leaf buds are still covered with delicate, downy white hairs. Fujian Province serves as the primary production region. WT processing is minimal, involving withering as the most crucial step, followed by drying. This simple process preserves its unique qualities and chemical integrity. The dominant phenolic compounds in WT are flavonoids, including catechins, dimeric catechins, flavones, flavonols, and flavanones. Additional constituents encompass phenolic acids, alkaloids, glycosides, and amino acids. These bioactive compounds contribute to WT’s diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, and male reproductive health benefits. To date, seven clinical studies have investigated the therapeutic potential of WT. These include two studies each on its use as a mouth rinse and its anti-obesity effects, and one study each focusing on its applications in managing diabetes, periodontitis, and depression. Perspectives on WT’s broader implications and opportunities for future research are also explored, highlighting its potential for expanded therapeutic applications.
基金Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-2022R1I1A1A01068652.
文摘GrpE-like 1(GRPEL1)-carrying exosomes derived from synovial mesenchymal stem cells(SMSC)prevent mitochondrial dysfunction associated with osteoarthritis(OA)by activating PINK1-mediated mitophagy,restoring chondrocyte function,and preserving the extracellular matrix both in vitro and in vivo.Bioinformatics analysis of human OA datasets identified GRPEL1 as a mitophagyrelated gene that is downregulated in OA.Exosomes enriched with GRPEL1 derived from SMSCs enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production,reduced lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species,increased mitophagy markers(PINK1,Parkin,LC3-II/I),decreased p62 levels,and alleviated cartilage degeneration in a rat destabilization model.A causal role for mitophagy is supported by coimmunoprecipitation experiments confirming a GRPEL1-PINK1 interaction,and by PINK1 knockdown,which diminishes the protective effects of GRPEL1.These findings suggest that exosomes enriched with GRPEL1 derived from SMSCs represents a promising disease-modifying approach for OA by targeting mitochondrial quality control.
文摘BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)accounts for approximately half of heart failure cases and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.Beta-blockers(BB)and calcium channel blockers(CCB)are commonly used for symptom control and comorbidity management,but their comparative effectiveness and safety remain unclear.AIM To compare the effectiveness and safety of BB vs CCB in patients with HFpEF using simulated real-world data and propensity score-matched analyses.METHODS Simulated data for 4000 HFpEF patients(2000 BB,2000 CCB)were generated based on distributions extracted from electronic medical records spanning 2014-2023.Inclusion criteria included adults with left ventricular ejection fraction≥50%and initiation of BB or CCB.Effectiveness outcomes encompassed mortality,heart failure hospitalizations,and changes in clinical parameters.Safety outcomes included bradycardia,hypotension,and drug discontinuation.Statistical analyses used t-tests,χ2 tests,Cox proportional hazards models for hazard ratios(HR),and incidence rate ratios(IRR)in R software.Propensity score matching(PSM)was performed to balance baseline characteristics,with outcomes reassessed in the matched cohort.RESULTS Baseline characteristics were largely balanced,with minor differences in sex,chronic kidney disease,systolic blood pressure,and left atrial volume index.BB demonstrated lower all-cause mortality(crude HR 0.78,95%CI:0.70-0.87,P=0.003),heart failure hospitalization(crude HR 0.86,95%CI:0.77-0.96,P=0.031),and composite endpoint(crude HR 0.85,95%CI:0.79-0.91,P<0.001)rates compared to CCB.IRR for heart failure hospitalizations and emergency visits favored BB.Safety profiles showed higher symptomatic bradycardia(9.2%vs 4.9%,P<0.001)and drug discontinuation(11.3%vs 9.3%,P=0.043)with BB,and higher hypotension(7.2%vs 11.5%,P<0.001)with CCB.Matched analyses showed all-cause mortality rates of 0.0622 per person-year for BB vs 0.0649 for CCB(HR 0.96,95%CI:0.85-1.08),heart failure hospitalization rates of 0.0751 vs 0.0888(HR 0.84,95%CI:0.75-0.94),and IRR for number of heart failure hospitalizations of 1.65 for CCB vs BB(95%CI:1.51-1.80,P<0.001).CONCLUSION BB may offer potential advantages in reducing mortality and hospitalizations in HFpEF compared to CCB,with distinct safety considerations.PSM confirmed these trends with reduced confounding.Personalized therapy is recommended,warranting prospective trials for validation.
文摘BACKGROUND Polycythemia vera(PV)is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by excessive blood cell production,which increases the risk of thrombosis.Ropeginterferon alfa-2b(RI)offers potential advantages over standard therapy(ST;including phlebotomy,hydroxyurea,and aspirin)by achieving hematologic and molecular responses.However,its comparative efficacy and safety remain understudied.We hypothesized that RI would improve hematologic and molecular outcomes but may differ in safety profiles compared to ST.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of RI vs ST in patients with PV,focusing on hematologic response,molecular response,adverse events(AEs),and thrombotic risk.METHODS This Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials comparing RI to ST in adult PV patients.PubMed,EMBASE,ClinicalTrials.gov,and ScienceDirect were searched from inception to July 2025.Outcomes included complete hematological response(CHR),molecular response,AEs leading to discontinuation,JAK2V617F allele burden,thrombotic events,and phlebotomy frequency.Pooled odds ratios(ORs)and MD with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were calculated using random-effects models.Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane RoB 2;evidence certainty was evaluated via GRADE.RESULTS Five studies involving 477 RI and 456 ST patients were included.RI significantly improved CHR(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.18-3.88,P=0.002)and molecular response(OR=4.37,95%CI:0.99-19.38,P=0.05),with substantial heterogeneity(I²=76%and I²=93%,respectively).AEs leading to discontinuation were higher with RI(OR=3.89,95%CI:1.90-7.97,P=0.0002;I²=0%).No significant differences were observed in JAK2V617F allele burden(MD=-7.46,95%CI:-21.12 to 6.20,P=0.28;I²=90%)or thrombotic events(OR=0.93,95%CI:0.45-1.90,P=0.83;I²=0%).RI reduced phlebotomy frequency(MD=-1.52,95%CI:-2.37 to-0.67,P=0.0005;I²=0%).Most studies had low to moderate risk of bias;evidence certainty was moderate for CHR and AEs,low for molecular response and thrombotic events,and very low for allele burden.CONCLUSION RI offers superior hematologic and molecular responses compared to ST in PV but is associated with higher discontinuation rates due to AEs.Comparable thrombotic risk and reduced phlebotomy needs highlight its potential,though tolerability requires careful management.The high heterogeneity in certain outcomes and potential for publication bias warrant cautious interpretation of these findings.Further long-term studies are needed to optimize dosing and patient selection.
