Several mechanisms to form nanoemulsions are reported in the literature.However,there are still gaps in the relationship between the process variables with physicochemical and bioactive properties.This study applied a...Several mechanisms to form nanoemulsions are reported in the literature.However,there are still gaps in the relationship between the process variables with physicochemical and bioactive properties.This study applied a central composite rotatable design(CCRD)to describe the processing variables of a high-speed homogenizer(rotor/stator)on the physicochemical properties of a thymol nanoemulsion.Droplet sizes of 68.47 nm,0.112 PDI,and-11.00 mV zeta potential could be obtained with improved conditions of 1.0% thymol,4.63%Tween 80,6600 rpm,and 3.13 min rotation.The improved nanoemulsions stored at 4℃ under different conditions(NaCl 0.5%,NaCl 1.0%,pH 4.5,and pH 7.5)showed droplet size stability over 45 days(<200 nm).In addition,the improved thymol nanoemulsions showed better antibacterial activity than non-nanoemulsified thymol for all clinically significant pathogens studied(Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,and Salmonella Enteritidis).The properties of nanodroplets observed in this study highlight the use of high-speed homogenizers as a viable alternative in the development of nanoemulsions.展开更多
基金the financial support of Fundacao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,Brazil-grant number[E-26/010.000.984/2019,E-26/200.358/2021,E-26/201.813/2022,and E-26/201.534/2022]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico,Brazil-grant number[313119/2020-1 and 140873/2021-0]Fundacao de Amparoà Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espírito Santo,Brazil grant number[533/2020].
文摘Several mechanisms to form nanoemulsions are reported in the literature.However,there are still gaps in the relationship between the process variables with physicochemical and bioactive properties.This study applied a central composite rotatable design(CCRD)to describe the processing variables of a high-speed homogenizer(rotor/stator)on the physicochemical properties of a thymol nanoemulsion.Droplet sizes of 68.47 nm,0.112 PDI,and-11.00 mV zeta potential could be obtained with improved conditions of 1.0% thymol,4.63%Tween 80,6600 rpm,and 3.13 min rotation.The improved nanoemulsions stored at 4℃ under different conditions(NaCl 0.5%,NaCl 1.0%,pH 4.5,and pH 7.5)showed droplet size stability over 45 days(<200 nm).In addition,the improved thymol nanoemulsions showed better antibacterial activity than non-nanoemulsified thymol for all clinically significant pathogens studied(Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,and Salmonella Enteritidis).The properties of nanodroplets observed in this study highlight the use of high-speed homogenizers as a viable alternative in the development of nanoemulsions.
