Water-based carbon nanotube(CNT)is highly desirable for inkjet printing devices due to its environmentally benign and low-cost features.To improve the dispersion of CNT in water,oxygen-containing functional groups are...Water-based carbon nanotube(CNT)is highly desirable for inkjet printing devices due to its environmentally benign and low-cost features.To improve the dispersion of CNT in water,oxygen-containing functional groups are introduced into the surface of CNT via an acid oxidation process.The CNT-based gas sensor is fabricated by inkjet printing,which shows a high sensitivity toward NO_2.The apphcation of inkjet-printed CNT in a printed RF antenna for wireless sensing is also discussed.展开更多
Green building is receiving increased attention in the public sector in the United States.Over the past ten years,public sector organizations have gone from“testing the waters”with green building pilot projects to d...Green building is receiving increased attention in the public sector in the United States.Over the past ten years,public sector organizations have gone from“testing the waters”with green building pilot projects to developing wide-reaching policies that incorporate green building practices and standards as a formal part of capital project decision processes.A variety of approaches have been employed at the federal,state,and local levels that encourage or require green building practices on public sector projects.To date,however,there has been no systematic evaluation of the pros and cons of these policy options to provide a basis for organizations considering how best to construct a program to meet the needs of its specific context.This paper identifies,compares,and contrasts options that have been incorporated as part of green building programs for states and other public sector organization seeking to motivate green building practices in their capital projects and facilities.Three categories of options are considered:Policy,Program,and Evaluation options.The paper evaluates alternatives within each of these categories according to their potential social,environmental,and economic impacts as well as their likelihood of implementation success within the context of public agencies.The findings of this paper contribute a palette of options for policymakers to consider when drafting policies for their organizations,along with program options to be considered by those who must implement the policies.This work contributes a foundation for future research to further understand the relative effectiveness and impacts of policy elements on green building practice within public sector organizations.展开更多
This paper presents an analytical approach for estimating frictional resistance to pipe movement at soil and external pipe surface of buried coated pressurized steel pipes relative to the internal thrust force.The pro...This paper presents an analytical approach for estimating frictional resistance to pipe movement at soil and external pipe surface of buried coated pressurized steel pipes relative to the internal thrust force.The proposed analytical method was developed based on 36 experiments,which involved three coating types(cement mortar(CM),polyurethane type-I(PT-I),prefabricated plastic tape(PPT))on pipes’surfaces,three different soils(pea-gravel(PG),sand(S),silty-clay(SC)),and four simulated over burden depths above the pipe’s crown.Investigation showed frictional resistance decreased with increasing over burden depth above the pipe’s crown.The degree of frictional resistance at the pipe-soil interface was found to be in the order of PG>SC>S for all coating variations and overburden depths.CM coated pipe buried in all three types of soil produced significantly higher frictional resistance as compared to other coating types.Based on experimental data,the developed analytical introduced a dimensionless factor“Z”,which included effects of types of coatings,soil,and overburden depths for simplified rapid calculation.Analysis showed that the method provided a better prediction of frictional resistance forces,in comparison to previous analytical methods,which were barely close in predicting friction resistance for different coating variations,soil types,and overburden depths.Friction resistance force values reported herein could be considered conservative.展开更多
文摘Water-based carbon nanotube(CNT)is highly desirable for inkjet printing devices due to its environmentally benign and low-cost features.To improve the dispersion of CNT in water,oxygen-containing functional groups are introduced into the surface of CNT via an acid oxidation process.The CNT-based gas sensor is fabricated by inkjet printing,which shows a high sensitivity toward NO_2.The apphcation of inkjet-printed CNT in a printed RF antenna for wireless sensing is also discussed.
文摘Green building is receiving increased attention in the public sector in the United States.Over the past ten years,public sector organizations have gone from“testing the waters”with green building pilot projects to developing wide-reaching policies that incorporate green building practices and standards as a formal part of capital project decision processes.A variety of approaches have been employed at the federal,state,and local levels that encourage or require green building practices on public sector projects.To date,however,there has been no systematic evaluation of the pros and cons of these policy options to provide a basis for organizations considering how best to construct a program to meet the needs of its specific context.This paper identifies,compares,and contrasts options that have been incorporated as part of green building programs for states and other public sector organization seeking to motivate green building practices in their capital projects and facilities.Three categories of options are considered:Policy,Program,and Evaluation options.The paper evaluates alternatives within each of these categories according to their potential social,environmental,and economic impacts as well as their likelihood of implementation success within the context of public agencies.The findings of this paper contribute a palette of options for policymakers to consider when drafting policies for their organizations,along with program options to be considered by those who must implement the policies.This work contributes a foundation for future research to further understand the relative effectiveness and impacts of policy elements on green building practice within public sector organizations.
文摘This paper presents an analytical approach for estimating frictional resistance to pipe movement at soil and external pipe surface of buried coated pressurized steel pipes relative to the internal thrust force.The proposed analytical method was developed based on 36 experiments,which involved three coating types(cement mortar(CM),polyurethane type-I(PT-I),prefabricated plastic tape(PPT))on pipes’surfaces,three different soils(pea-gravel(PG),sand(S),silty-clay(SC)),and four simulated over burden depths above the pipe’s crown.Investigation showed frictional resistance decreased with increasing over burden depth above the pipe’s crown.The degree of frictional resistance at the pipe-soil interface was found to be in the order of PG>SC>S for all coating variations and overburden depths.CM coated pipe buried in all three types of soil produced significantly higher frictional resistance as compared to other coating types.Based on experimental data,the developed analytical introduced a dimensionless factor“Z”,which included effects of types of coatings,soil,and overburden depths for simplified rapid calculation.Analysis showed that the method provided a better prediction of frictional resistance forces,in comparison to previous analytical methods,which were barely close in predicting friction resistance for different coating variations,soil types,and overburden depths.Friction resistance force values reported herein could be considered conservative.
