New and emerging use cases, such as the interconnection of geographically distributed data centers(DCs), are drawing attention to the requirement for dynamic end-to-end service provisioning, spanning multiple and hete...New and emerging use cases, such as the interconnection of geographically distributed data centers(DCs), are drawing attention to the requirement for dynamic end-to-end service provisioning, spanning multiple and heterogeneous optical network domains. This heterogeneity is, not only due to the diverse data transmission and switching technologies, but also due to the different options of control plane techniques. In light of this, the problem of heterogeneous control plane interworking needs to be solved, and in particular, the solution must address the specific issues of multi-domain networks, such as limited domain topology visibility, given the scalability and confidentiality constraints. In this article, some of the recent activities regarding the Software-Defined Networking(SDN) orchestration are reviewed to address such a multi-domain control plane interworking problem. Specifically, three different models, including the single SDN controller model, multiple SDN controllers in mesh, and multiple SDN controllers in a hierarchical setting, are presented for the DC interconnection network with multiple SDN/Open Flow domains or multiple Open Flow/Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching( GMPLS) heterogeneous domains. I n addition, two concrete implementations of the orchestration architectures are detailed, showing the overall feasibility and procedures of SDN orchestration for the end-to-endservice provisioning in multi-domain data center optical networks.展开更多
This paper proposed a new experimental rig of testing flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant and lubricant oil mixture. The quantity of oil in the test section can be controlled and regulated conveniently and accur...This paper proposed a new experimental rig of testing flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant and lubricant oil mixture. The quantity of oil in the test section can be controlled and regulated conveniently and accurately by connecting separate lubricant oil circuit with test section in parallel. It was built up by retrofitting a multiple air-conditioner and installing three oil-separators in serials at the compressor outlet. And so the lubricant oil in the discharged refrigerant gas of compressor can be removed completely.The refrigerant flow rate through test section can be bypassed by the by-path circuit of indoor unit.This experimental rig has advantages such as on-line and continuous oil injection, short time of obtaining stability, flexible operation, simple control, which lead to high efficiency in the research of flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant and lubricant oil mixture.展开更多
AIM: To determine the gene expression profile data for the whole liver during development of dimethylni-trosamine (DMN)-induced hepatic fibrosis.METHODS: Marker genes were identified for different types of hepatic cel...AIM: To determine the gene expression profile data for the whole liver during development of dimethylni-trosamine (DMN)-induced hepatic fibrosis.METHODS: Marker genes were identified for different types of hepatic cells, including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), Kupffer cells (including other inflammatory cells), and hepatocytes, using independent temporal DNA microarray data obtained from isolated hepatic cells. RESULTS: The cell-type analysis of gene expression gave several key results and led to formation of three hypotheses: (1) changes in the expression of HSC-specific marker genes during fibrosis were similar to gene expression data in in vitro cultured HSCs, suggesting a major role of the self-activating characteristics of HSCs in formation of fibrosis; (2) expression of mast cell-specific marker genes reached a peak during liver fibrosis, suggesting a possible role of mast cells in formation of fibrosis; and (3) abnormal expression of hepatocyte-specific marker genes was found across several metabolic pathways during fibrosis, including sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and drug metabolism, suggesting a mechanistic relationship between these abnormalities and symptoms of liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Analysis of marker genes for specific hepatic cell types can identify the key aspects of fibro-genesis. Sequential activation of inflammatory cells and the self-supporting properties of HSCs play an important role in development of fibrosis.展开更多
In this work, we consider device-to-device (D2D) direct communication underlaying a 3GPP LTE-A network. D2D communication enables new service opportunities, provides high throughput and reliable communication while re...In this work, we consider device-to-device (D2D) direct communication underlaying a 3GPP LTE-A network. D2D communication enables new service opportunities, provides high throughput and reliable communication while reducing the base station load. For better total performance, D2D links and cellular links share the same radio resource and the management of interference becomes a crucial task. We propose a radio resource allocation for D2D links based on interference avoidance approach. For system with multiple transmit antennas, we apply beamforming technique based on signal to leakage criterion to reduce the co-channel interference. The results show that, D2D transmission with the resource allocation and beamforming technique provides significant gain compared to that of the regular cellular network.展开更多
A dynamic object behavior model based on computational reflection is proposed.This model consists of function level and meta level,the meta objects in meta level manage the base objects and behaviors in function level...A dynamic object behavior model based on computational reflection is proposed.This model consists of function level and meta level,the meta objects in meta level manage the base objects and behaviors in function level,including dynamic binding and unbinding of base object and behavior.We implement this model with RoleJava Language,which is our self linguistic extension of the Java Language.Meta Objects are generated automatically at compile\|time,this makes the reflecton mechanism transparent to programmers.Finally an example applying this model to a banking system is presented.展开更多
Detection of small pulmonary nodules is the goal of lung cancer screening. Computer-aided detection (CAD) systems are recommended to use in lung cancer computed tomography (CT) screening to increase the accuracy of no...Detection of small pulmonary nodules is the goal of lung cancer screening. Computer-aided detection (CAD) systems are recommended to use in lung cancer computed tomography (CT) screening to increase the accuracy of nodule detection. Size and density of lung nodules are primary factors in determining the risk of malignancy. Therefore, purpose of this study is to apply computer-simulated virtual nodules based on the point spread function (PSF) measured in same scanner (maintaining spatial resolution condition) to assess the CAD system performance dependence on nodule size and density. Virtual nodules with density differences between lung background and nodule density (ΔCT) values (200, 300 and 400 HU) and different sizes (4 to 8 mm) were generated and fused on clinical images. CAD detection was performed and free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) curves were obtained. Results show that both density and size of virtual nodules can affect detection efficiency. Detailed results are possible to use for quantitative analysis of a CAD system performance. This study suggests that PSF-based virtual nodules could be effectively used to assess the lung cancer CT screening CAD system performance dependence on nodule size and density.展开更多
Using directional antennas in Wireless Ad hoc Networks (WANETs) offers great potential of reducing the radio interference, and improving the communication throughput. Directional antennas, however, introduces new prob...Using directional antennas in Wireless Ad hoc Networks (WANETs) offers great potential of reducing the radio interference, and improving the communication throughput. Directional antennas, however, introduces new problems in the wireless Media Access Control (MAC), that is, the deafness and new hidden terminal problem, which may cause severe performance degradation. To solve the problems, we propose an effective Circular RTR Directional MAC (CRDMAC) protocol for WANETs by using a sub-transmission channel and Ready to Receive (RTR) packets, which modifies the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordinated Function (DCF). The sub-channel avoids collisions to other ongoing transmission, and the RTR packets notify the neighbor nodes that the mutual transmission has been finished. We evaluate the CRDMAC protocol through simulations and the results show that the proposed protocol outperforms existing DMAC (directional MAC) protocol and the CRCM (Circular RTS and CTS MAC) protocol in terms of throughput and packet drop rate.展开更多
A method of object detection based on combination of local and spatial information is proposed. Firstly, the categorygiven representative images are chosen through clustering to be templates, and the local and spatial...A method of object detection based on combination of local and spatial information is proposed. Firstly, the categorygiven representative images are chosen through clustering to be templates, and the local and spatial information of template are ex- tracted and generalized as the template feature. At the same time, the codebook dictionary of local contour is also built up. Secondly, based on the codebook dictionary, sliding-window mechanism and the vote algorithm are used to select initial candidate object win- dows. Lastly, the final object windows are got from initial candidate windows based on local and spatial structure feature matching. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to consistently identify and accurately detect the objects with better performance than the existing methods.展开更多
Two-phase flow pressure drop measurements are made during phase change heat transfer process of R-22 in small horizontal smooth tubes with 2.5 mm inside diameter. Conclusions are drawn that the quality corresponding t...Two-phase flow pressure drop measurements are made during phase change heat transfer process of R-22 in small horizontal smooth tubes with 2.5 mm inside diameter. Conclusions are drawn that the quality corresponding to pressure gradient peak value of small tubes became higher than that of large tubes and that effects of quality on pressure drop become weak as the increase of mass flux. The experiment data are compared with predicted values of the state-of-the-art correlations from the open literature, which indicates that most of the state-of-the-art correlations fail to predict the present experimental data. Chisholm model shows a relatively better predictive ability than the other empirical correlations because it has the lowest mean deviation of 26.7%. But the predicted values of Chisholm model are 50% lower than experimental data when quality becomes higher. In this regard, an new empirical correlation based on Chisholm model is developed and this modified Chisholm correlation can describe 95% of the present data with ±20% mean deviations.展开更多
Reusing business process models and best practices can improve the productivity, quality and agility in the early development phases of enterprise software systems. To help developers reuse the business process models...Reusing business process models and best practices can improve the productivity, quality and agility in the early development phases of enterprise software systems. To help developers reuse the business process models and best practices, we propose a methodology and an integrated environment for business process modeling driven by the metamodel. Furthermore, we propose a process-template design method to unify the granularity and separate the commonality and variability of business processes so that business process models can be reused across different enterprise software systems. The proposed methodology enables to create reuse-oriented business process templates before the business process modeling. To support the proposed methodology, we developed an integrated environment for creating, reusing and verifying the business process models. As the key techniques, we describe the methodology and its integrated environment, including a metamodel and notations. We applied the methodology and integrated environment to an actual enterprise software development project, and evaluated that the productivity of business process modeling is improved by at least 46%. As the conclusion, this paper contributes to prove the effectiveness of the meta-model driven business process modeling methodology for the reuse of business process models.展开更多
文摘New and emerging use cases, such as the interconnection of geographically distributed data centers(DCs), are drawing attention to the requirement for dynamic end-to-end service provisioning, spanning multiple and heterogeneous optical network domains. This heterogeneity is, not only due to the diverse data transmission and switching technologies, but also due to the different options of control plane techniques. In light of this, the problem of heterogeneous control plane interworking needs to be solved, and in particular, the solution must address the specific issues of multi-domain networks, such as limited domain topology visibility, given the scalability and confidentiality constraints. In this article, some of the recent activities regarding the Software-Defined Networking(SDN) orchestration are reviewed to address such a multi-domain control plane interworking problem. Specifically, three different models, including the single SDN controller model, multiple SDN controllers in mesh, and multiple SDN controllers in a hierarchical setting, are presented for the DC interconnection network with multiple SDN/Open Flow domains or multiple Open Flow/Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching( GMPLS) heterogeneous domains. I n addition, two concrete implementations of the orchestration architectures are detailed, showing the overall feasibility and procedures of SDN orchestration for the end-to-endservice provisioning in multi-domain data center optical networks.
文摘This paper proposed a new experimental rig of testing flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant and lubricant oil mixture. The quantity of oil in the test section can be controlled and regulated conveniently and accurately by connecting separate lubricant oil circuit with test section in parallel. It was built up by retrofitting a multiple air-conditioner and installing three oil-separators in serials at the compressor outlet. And so the lubricant oil in the discharged refrigerant gas of compressor can be removed completely.The refrigerant flow rate through test section can be bypassed by the by-path circuit of indoor unit.This experimental rig has advantages such as on-line and continuous oil injection, short time of obtaining stability, flexible operation, simple control, which lead to high efficiency in the research of flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant and lubricant oil mixture.
文摘AIM: To determine the gene expression profile data for the whole liver during development of dimethylni-trosamine (DMN)-induced hepatic fibrosis.METHODS: Marker genes were identified for different types of hepatic cells, including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), Kupffer cells (including other inflammatory cells), and hepatocytes, using independent temporal DNA microarray data obtained from isolated hepatic cells. RESULTS: The cell-type analysis of gene expression gave several key results and led to formation of three hypotheses: (1) changes in the expression of HSC-specific marker genes during fibrosis were similar to gene expression data in in vitro cultured HSCs, suggesting a major role of the self-activating characteristics of HSCs in formation of fibrosis; (2) expression of mast cell-specific marker genes reached a peak during liver fibrosis, suggesting a possible role of mast cells in formation of fibrosis; and (3) abnormal expression of hepatocyte-specific marker genes was found across several metabolic pathways during fibrosis, including sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and drug metabolism, suggesting a mechanistic relationship between these abnormalities and symptoms of liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Analysis of marker genes for specific hepatic cell types can identify the key aspects of fibro-genesis. Sequential activation of inflammatory cells and the self-supporting properties of HSCs play an important role in development of fibrosis.
文摘In this work, we consider device-to-device (D2D) direct communication underlaying a 3GPP LTE-A network. D2D communication enables new service opportunities, provides high throughput and reliable communication while reducing the base station load. For better total performance, D2D links and cellular links share the same radio resource and the management of interference becomes a crucial task. We propose a radio resource allocation for D2D links based on interference avoidance approach. For system with multiple transmit antennas, we apply beamforming technique based on signal to leakage criterion to reduce the co-channel interference. The results show that, D2D transmission with the resource allocation and beamforming technique provides significant gain compared to that of the regular cellular network.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60373086)
文摘A dynamic object behavior model based on computational reflection is proposed.This model consists of function level and meta level,the meta objects in meta level manage the base objects and behaviors in function level,including dynamic binding and unbinding of base object and behavior.We implement this model with RoleJava Language,which is our self linguistic extension of the Java Language.Meta Objects are generated automatically at compile\|time,this makes the reflecton mechanism transparent to programmers.Finally an example applying this model to a banking system is presented.
文摘Detection of small pulmonary nodules is the goal of lung cancer screening. Computer-aided detection (CAD) systems are recommended to use in lung cancer computed tomography (CT) screening to increase the accuracy of nodule detection. Size and density of lung nodules are primary factors in determining the risk of malignancy. Therefore, purpose of this study is to apply computer-simulated virtual nodules based on the point spread function (PSF) measured in same scanner (maintaining spatial resolution condition) to assess the CAD system performance dependence on nodule size and density. Virtual nodules with density differences between lung background and nodule density (ΔCT) values (200, 300 and 400 HU) and different sizes (4 to 8 mm) were generated and fused on clinical images. CAD detection was performed and free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) curves were obtained. Results show that both density and size of virtual nodules can affect detection efficiency. Detailed results are possible to use for quantitative analysis of a CAD system performance. This study suggests that PSF-based virtual nodules could be effectively used to assess the lung cancer CT screening CAD system performance dependence on nodule size and density.
基金supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan Society for Promotion of Science(JSPS)Collaboration Research Grant of National Institute of Informatics (NII) ,Japan
文摘Using directional antennas in Wireless Ad hoc Networks (WANETs) offers great potential of reducing the radio interference, and improving the communication throughput. Directional antennas, however, introduces new problems in the wireless Media Access Control (MAC), that is, the deafness and new hidden terminal problem, which may cause severe performance degradation. To solve the problems, we propose an effective Circular RTR Directional MAC (CRDMAC) protocol for WANETs by using a sub-transmission channel and Ready to Receive (RTR) packets, which modifies the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordinated Function (DCF). The sub-channel avoids collisions to other ongoing transmission, and the RTR packets notify the neighbor nodes that the mutual transmission has been finished. We evaluate the CRDMAC protocol through simulations and the results show that the proposed protocol outperforms existing DMAC (directional MAC) protocol and the CRCM (Circular RTS and CTS MAC) protocol in terms of throughput and packet drop rate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60972095)Shaanxi Province Education Office Research Plan(2010JK589)
文摘A method of object detection based on combination of local and spatial information is proposed. Firstly, the categorygiven representative images are chosen through clustering to be templates, and the local and spatial information of template are ex- tracted and generalized as the template feature. At the same time, the codebook dictionary of local contour is also built up. Secondly, based on the codebook dictionary, sliding-window mechanism and the vote algorithm are used to select initial candidate object win- dows. Lastly, the final object windows are got from initial candidate windows based on local and spatial structure feature matching. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to consistently identify and accurately detect the objects with better performance than the existing methods.
文摘Two-phase flow pressure drop measurements are made during phase change heat transfer process of R-22 in small horizontal smooth tubes with 2.5 mm inside diameter. Conclusions are drawn that the quality corresponding to pressure gradient peak value of small tubes became higher than that of large tubes and that effects of quality on pressure drop become weak as the increase of mass flux. The experiment data are compared with predicted values of the state-of-the-art correlations from the open literature, which indicates that most of the state-of-the-art correlations fail to predict the present experimental data. Chisholm model shows a relatively better predictive ability than the other empirical correlations because it has the lowest mean deviation of 26.7%. But the predicted values of Chisholm model are 50% lower than experimental data when quality becomes higher. In this regard, an new empirical correlation based on Chisholm model is developed and this modified Chisholm correlation can describe 95% of the present data with ±20% mean deviations.
文摘Reusing business process models and best practices can improve the productivity, quality and agility in the early development phases of enterprise software systems. To help developers reuse the business process models and best practices, we propose a methodology and an integrated environment for business process modeling driven by the metamodel. Furthermore, we propose a process-template design method to unify the granularity and separate the commonality and variability of business processes so that business process models can be reused across different enterprise software systems. The proposed methodology enables to create reuse-oriented business process templates before the business process modeling. To support the proposed methodology, we developed an integrated environment for creating, reusing and verifying the business process models. As the key techniques, we describe the methodology and its integrated environment, including a metamodel and notations. We applied the methodology and integrated environment to an actual enterprise software development project, and evaluated that the productivity of business process modeling is improved by at least 46%. As the conclusion, this paper contributes to prove the effectiveness of the meta-model driven business process modeling methodology for the reuse of business process models.
