A type of high molecular weight bioactive polymers called exopolysaccharides(EPS)are produced by thermophiles,the extremophilic microbes that thrive in acidic environmental conditions of hot springs with excessively w...A type of high molecular weight bioactive polymers called exopolysaccharides(EPS)are produced by thermophiles,the extremophilic microbes that thrive in acidic environmental conditions of hot springs with excessively warm temperatures.Over time,EPS became important as natural biotechnological additives because of their noncytotoxic,emulsifying,antioxidant,or immunostimulant activities.In this article,we unravelled a new EPS produced by Staphy-lococcus sp.BSP3 from an acidic(pH 6.03)San Pedro hot spring(38.1℃)located in the central Andean mountains in Chile.Several physicochemical techniques were performed to characterize the EPS structure including Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM),High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC),Gel permeation chromatography(GPC),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),1D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR),and Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).It was confirmed that the amorphous surface of the BSP3 EPS,composed of rough pillar-like nanostructures,is evenly distributed.The main EPS monosaccharide constituents were mannose(72%),glucose(24%)and galactose(4%).Also,it is a medium molecular weight(43.7 kDa)heteropolysaccharide.NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of a[→6)-α-d-Manp-(1→6)-α-d-Manp-(1→]backbone 2-O substituted with 1-α-d-Manp.A high thermal stability of EPS(287°C)was confirmed by TGA analysis.Emulsification,antioxidant,flocculation,water-holding(WHC),and oil-holding(OHC)capacities are also studied for biotechnological industry applications.The results demonstrated that BSP3 EPS could be used as a biodegradable material for different purposes,like flocculation and natural additives in product formulation.展开更多
This study aimed to assess the functional attributes of the cashew by-product(CB)in fermented milk with the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp.paracasei F19®(F19®)and the starter Streptococc...This study aimed to assess the functional attributes of the cashew by-product(CB)in fermented milk with the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp.paracasei F19®(F19®)and the starter Streptococcus thermo-philus ST-M6®(ST-M6®)using the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem(SHIME®).Two for-mulations of the fermented milk were assayed,in duplicates:Treatment 1(T1,without CB)and Treatment 2(T2,with CB).The strains behavior in the formulations and other bacterial groups of interest were assessed in SHIME®.The populations of the microbiota microorganisms and of the starter and probiotic strains were determined by PMA-qPCR.Metabolites produced in SHIME®reactors fermentation associated with nitrogen balance,antioxidant and phenolic compounds,and short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)were also measured.In SHIME®,both formulations had positive effects on the microbiota(an increase in Bifidobacterium spp.and Lactobacillus spp.and a decrease in Clostridium and Gamma Proteobacteria phyla).Considering these findings,probiotic fermented milk with F19®and ST-M6®,with or without cashew by-product,appears promising for a novel food product with enhanced nutrition,potentially classified as a synergistic synbiotic or at least a probiotic product.展开更多
Red pitaya is rich in bioactive compounds,mainly betacyanins,and well-adapted to drought.Fermentation with probiotics is an alternative to extend red pitaya’s short shelf life and may contribute to the stability of b...Red pitaya is rich in bioactive compounds,mainly betacyanins,and well-adapted to drought.Fermentation with probiotics is an alternative to extend red pitaya’s short shelf life and may contribute to the stability of betacyanins.The vitamin D receptor(VDR)is an essential nuclear receptor regulating numerous physiological processes that may be influenced by the activity of probiotic strains.This study aimed to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity and the effects of red pitaya pulp fermented with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp.paracasei F-19(F-19)or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis BB-12(BB-12),individually,and the non-fermented pulp on the VDR,and its target genes(CYP24,CAMP,and ATG16L1)expression in human colon cancer cell line HCT116.Additionally,the red pitaya pulps extracts had their metabolome profiles analyzed by UHPLC-HRMS-MS/MS and compared.Non-fermented and fermented red pitaya pulps did not significantly affect cell viability(p<0.05).The fermented pulp with both strains primarily induced the upregulation of the ATG16L1 expression in vitro,but it was not associated with the upregulation of VDR.The pulp fermented with BB-12 also upregulated the CAMP expression,while the one fermented with F-19 downregulated the CYP24 expression.These findings suggest that the fermented red pitaya with probiotic strains has the potential to modulate autophagy and to reduce inflammation.Furthermore,flavonoids like rutin and betalains such as betanin,phyllocactin,and hylocerenin with known anti-inflammatory properties were identified in both fermented and non-fermented pulps.The untargeted metabolome profiles of the treatments differed significantly and molecular network analysis revealed betalain analogs specific for each treatment,indicating a rich chemical diversity to be explored in future research.This study provides insights for exploring new applications for red pitaya,such as cancer therapies,and for investigating the effects of its individual compounds on gene expression.展开更多
The hormonal decline during menopause increases women’s risk of chronic diseases.D-limonene,a monoterpene found in the human diet,possesses biological properties related to hypolipemic,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,a...The hormonal decline during menopause increases women’s risk of chronic diseases.D-limonene,a monoterpene found in the human diet,possesses biological properties related to hypolipemic,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and gut microbiota-modulating activities,primarily observed in preclinical studies.Postprandial responses include physiological adaptations to the stress of a nutrient surplus,providing an opportunity to assess metabolic resilience,being a suitable strategy for exploring post-menopause-associated metabolic alterations.Here,we investigated the effects of D-limonene supplementation(2 g/day)on postprandial metabolism in postmenopausal women(n=9)challenged with a standardized mixed meal in a 3-week single-arm clinical study.Our findings revealed that D-limonene did not induce marked differences in postprandial responses to the dietary challenge.The supplementation with D-limonene induced no alterations in serum lipid/lipoprotein profile or glycemia/insulinemia.D-limonene supplementation did not affect the transient postprandial inflammatory response regarding changes in gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and circulating inflammatory markers.Nevertheless,D-limonene reduced postprandial levels of lithocholic acid,a gut microbiota-derived bile acid,and regulated the plasma concentrations of selected amino acids,carbohydrate metabolism-derived metabolites,and organic acids.In conclusion,our data do not support the claim that short-term D-limonene supplementation beneficially affects the postprandial metabolism of postmenopausal women.展开更多
Skeletal muscle responds for most of the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal at postprandial state,impacting glucose homeostasis.Polyphenols were shown to prevent obesity-associated glucose intolerance and peripheral ...Skeletal muscle responds for most of the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal at postprandial state,impacting glucose homeostasis.Polyphenols were shown to prevent obesity-associated glucose intolerance and peripheral insulin resistance in animal models,but the implication of skeletal muscle to these effects is unclear.We investigated the role of polyphenolic extracts from jaboticaba(Plinia jaboticaba(Vell.)Berg)(PEJ),a Brazilian native species,on skeletal muscle insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice.PEJ administration was associated with an increase in skeletal muscle protein content of glucose transporter-4(GLUT-4)and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)phosphorylated at Thr172.PEJ also reduced skeletal muscle mRNA levels of inflammatory genes nuclear factor-ҡB(NF-κB),tumoral necrose factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β),and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK).This study demonstrates that polyphenols from jaboticaba may be a valuable therapeutic agent in the management and prevention of obesity-associated metabolic disorders by reducing skeletal muscle obesity-associated insulin resistance and inflammation.展开更多
Folate and vitamin D are essential micronutrients,with emerging evidence linking vitamin D and its receptor(VDR)to folate metabolism.This study examined the effect of a folate bio-enriched fermented beverage(BFWB)on v...Folate and vitamin D are essential micronutrients,with emerging evidence linking vitamin D and its receptor(VDR)to folate metabolism.This study examined the effect of a folate bio-enriched fermented beverage(BFWB)on vitamin D receptor(VDR)expression and folate transporters activity in colon,using both in vitro and in vivo methods.The BFWB was obtained using two folate-producing strains-Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4 and Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis BB-02-cultured in a whey-based matrix supplemented with grape byproduct extract.HCT-116 cell line was treated with the beverage or controls,and mRNA expression levels of vdr,rfc(reduced folate carrier)and pcft(proton-coupled folate transporter)genes were analyzed using quantitative PCR.In the in vivo study,a prevention model was conducted with BALB/c mice fed a folate-depleted diet for 21 days to evaluate whether the BFWB,with or without vitamin D3(2000 IU),could prevent folate deficiency.Folate status and mRNA expression of vdr,rfc,and pcft genes in colonic tissue were also compared to control groups.Results from the animal model revealed that a folate-deficient diet downregulated vdr expression(0.2±0.04-fold change)in the murine colon compared to the control(1.0±0.2).In the HCT-116 cell culture model,the BFWB significantly upregulated the expression of vdr,along with folate transporter pcft(p<0.05).However,in the animal model,vdr expression increased only in the BFWB supplemented with vitamin D3 group(2.9±0.6).Additionally,this study indicated that high ash limited folate absorption from BFWB.展开更多
基金funded by FONDECYT Regular,Grant Number 1231917 by ANID,Govt.of Chile.
文摘A type of high molecular weight bioactive polymers called exopolysaccharides(EPS)are produced by thermophiles,the extremophilic microbes that thrive in acidic environmental conditions of hot springs with excessively warm temperatures.Over time,EPS became important as natural biotechnological additives because of their noncytotoxic,emulsifying,antioxidant,or immunostimulant activities.In this article,we unravelled a new EPS produced by Staphy-lococcus sp.BSP3 from an acidic(pH 6.03)San Pedro hot spring(38.1℃)located in the central Andean mountains in Chile.Several physicochemical techniques were performed to characterize the EPS structure including Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM),High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC),Gel permeation chromatography(GPC),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),1D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR),and Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).It was confirmed that the amorphous surface of the BSP3 EPS,composed of rough pillar-like nanostructures,is evenly distributed.The main EPS monosaccharide constituents were mannose(72%),glucose(24%)and galactose(4%).Also,it is a medium molecular weight(43.7 kDa)heteropolysaccharide.NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of a[→6)-α-d-Manp-(1→6)-α-d-Manp-(1→]backbone 2-O substituted with 1-α-d-Manp.A high thermal stability of EPS(287°C)was confirmed by TGA analysis.Emulsification,antioxidant,flocculation,water-holding(WHC),and oil-holding(OHC)capacities are also studied for biotechnological industry applications.The results demonstrated that BSP3 EPS could be used as a biodegradable material for different purposes,like flocculation and natural additives in product formulation.
基金supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP,projects#2018/21584-4,#2018/12190-2,and#2013/07914-8,and fellowship#2019/02583-0)Coordenaçao de Aperfei-çoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES:#88881.187323/2018-01,#88882.376972-2019-01,#88887.473545/2020-00)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico(CNPq:#305380/2019-2,#308696/2022).
文摘This study aimed to assess the functional attributes of the cashew by-product(CB)in fermented milk with the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp.paracasei F19®(F19®)and the starter Streptococcus thermo-philus ST-M6®(ST-M6®)using the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem(SHIME®).Two for-mulations of the fermented milk were assayed,in duplicates:Treatment 1(T1,without CB)and Treatment 2(T2,with CB).The strains behavior in the formulations and other bacterial groups of interest were assessed in SHIME®.The populations of the microbiota microorganisms and of the starter and probiotic strains were determined by PMA-qPCR.Metabolites produced in SHIME®reactors fermentation associated with nitrogen balance,antioxidant and phenolic compounds,and short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)were also measured.In SHIME®,both formulations had positive effects on the microbiota(an increase in Bifidobacterium spp.and Lactobacillus spp.and a decrease in Clostridium and Gamma Proteobacteria phyla).Considering these findings,probiotic fermented milk with F19®and ST-M6®,with or without cashew by-product,appears promising for a novel food product with enhanced nutrition,potentially classified as a synergistic synbiotic or at least a probiotic product.
文摘Red pitaya is rich in bioactive compounds,mainly betacyanins,and well-adapted to drought.Fermentation with probiotics is an alternative to extend red pitaya’s short shelf life and may contribute to the stability of betacyanins.The vitamin D receptor(VDR)is an essential nuclear receptor regulating numerous physiological processes that may be influenced by the activity of probiotic strains.This study aimed to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity and the effects of red pitaya pulp fermented with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp.paracasei F-19(F-19)or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis BB-12(BB-12),individually,and the non-fermented pulp on the VDR,and its target genes(CYP24,CAMP,and ATG16L1)expression in human colon cancer cell line HCT116.Additionally,the red pitaya pulps extracts had their metabolome profiles analyzed by UHPLC-HRMS-MS/MS and compared.Non-fermented and fermented red pitaya pulps did not significantly affect cell viability(p<0.05).The fermented pulp with both strains primarily induced the upregulation of the ATG16L1 expression in vitro,but it was not associated with the upregulation of VDR.The pulp fermented with BB-12 also upregulated the CAMP expression,while the one fermented with F-19 downregulated the CYP24 expression.These findings suggest that the fermented red pitaya with probiotic strains has the potential to modulate autophagy and to reduce inflammation.Furthermore,flavonoids like rutin and betalains such as betanin,phyllocactin,and hylocerenin with known anti-inflammatory properties were identified in both fermented and non-fermented pulps.The untargeted metabolome profiles of the treatments differed significantly and molecular network analysis revealed betalain analogs specific for each treatment,indicating a rich chemical diversity to be explored in future research.This study provides insights for exploring new applications for red pitaya,such as cancer therapies,and for investigating the effects of its individual compounds on gene expression.
基金funded by grants from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal de Nível Superior-CAPES(A.D.V.88887.684161/2022-00)Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de São Paulo-FAPESP(CEPID FoRC 13/07914-8,A.D.V 19/24311-1,22/08109-0,C.M.D.P.20/16542-0)+1 种基金Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq#403677/2021-1)J.F.is supported by grants from FAPESP(22/02941-6 and 21/08657-5).
文摘The hormonal decline during menopause increases women’s risk of chronic diseases.D-limonene,a monoterpene found in the human diet,possesses biological properties related to hypolipemic,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and gut microbiota-modulating activities,primarily observed in preclinical studies.Postprandial responses include physiological adaptations to the stress of a nutrient surplus,providing an opportunity to assess metabolic resilience,being a suitable strategy for exploring post-menopause-associated metabolic alterations.Here,we investigated the effects of D-limonene supplementation(2 g/day)on postprandial metabolism in postmenopausal women(n=9)challenged with a standardized mixed meal in a 3-week single-arm clinical study.Our findings revealed that D-limonene did not induce marked differences in postprandial responses to the dietary challenge.The supplementation with D-limonene induced no alterations in serum lipid/lipoprotein profile or glycemia/insulinemia.D-limonene supplementation did not affect the transient postprandial inflammatory response regarding changes in gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and circulating inflammatory markers.Nevertheless,D-limonene reduced postprandial levels of lithocholic acid,a gut microbiota-derived bile acid,and regulated the plasma concentrations of selected amino acids,carbohydrate metabolism-derived metabolites,and organic acids.In conclusion,our data do not support the claim that short-term D-limonene supplementation beneficially affects the postprandial metabolism of postmenopausal women.
基金the Ethical Committee for Animal Research of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of São Paulo(CEUA/FCF/522).A,USA.All experiments followed the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals.
文摘Skeletal muscle responds for most of the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal at postprandial state,impacting glucose homeostasis.Polyphenols were shown to prevent obesity-associated glucose intolerance and peripheral insulin resistance in animal models,but the implication of skeletal muscle to these effects is unclear.We investigated the role of polyphenolic extracts from jaboticaba(Plinia jaboticaba(Vell.)Berg)(PEJ),a Brazilian native species,on skeletal muscle insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice.PEJ administration was associated with an increase in skeletal muscle protein content of glucose transporter-4(GLUT-4)and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)phosphorylated at Thr172.PEJ also reduced skeletal muscle mRNA levels of inflammatory genes nuclear factor-ҡB(NF-κB),tumoral necrose factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β),and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK).This study demonstrates that polyphenols from jaboticaba may be a valuable therapeutic agent in the management and prevention of obesity-associated metabolic disorders by reducing skeletal muscle obesity-associated insulin resistance and inflammation.
基金financially supported by the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP#2018/12190-2)the Food Research Center(FoRC-FAPESP#2013/07914-8)+4 种基金Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET#PIP 2021-2062 and#PIP 2022-0280)Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación,el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación,(ANPCyT#PICT 2019-0942 and#PICT-2021-CAT-II-00071)developed within the scope of the CCD-Circula Project(FAPESP#2021/11967-6)the authors by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES#88887.473569/2020-00 and 88887.694241/2022-00)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq#308696/2022).
文摘Folate and vitamin D are essential micronutrients,with emerging evidence linking vitamin D and its receptor(VDR)to folate metabolism.This study examined the effect of a folate bio-enriched fermented beverage(BFWB)on vitamin D receptor(VDR)expression and folate transporters activity in colon,using both in vitro and in vivo methods.The BFWB was obtained using two folate-producing strains-Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4 and Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis BB-02-cultured in a whey-based matrix supplemented with grape byproduct extract.HCT-116 cell line was treated with the beverage or controls,and mRNA expression levels of vdr,rfc(reduced folate carrier)and pcft(proton-coupled folate transporter)genes were analyzed using quantitative PCR.In the in vivo study,a prevention model was conducted with BALB/c mice fed a folate-depleted diet for 21 days to evaluate whether the BFWB,with or without vitamin D3(2000 IU),could prevent folate deficiency.Folate status and mRNA expression of vdr,rfc,and pcft genes in colonic tissue were also compared to control groups.Results from the animal model revealed that a folate-deficient diet downregulated vdr expression(0.2±0.04-fold change)in the murine colon compared to the control(1.0±0.2).In the HCT-116 cell culture model,the BFWB significantly upregulated the expression of vdr,along with folate transporter pcft(p<0.05).However,in the animal model,vdr expression increased only in the BFWB supplemented with vitamin D3 group(2.9±0.6).Additionally,this study indicated that high ash limited folate absorption from BFWB.
