With the increasing use of web applications,challenges in the field of cybersecurity are becoming more complex.This paper explores the application of fine-tuned large language models(LLMs)for the automatic generation ...With the increasing use of web applications,challenges in the field of cybersecurity are becoming more complex.This paper explores the application of fine-tuned large language models(LLMs)for the automatic generation of synthetic attacks,including XSS(Cross-Site Scripting),SQL Injections,and Command Injections.A web application has been developed that allows penetration testers to quickly generate high-quality payloads without the need for in-depth knowledge of artificial intelligence.The fine-tuned language model demonstrates the capability to produce synthetic payloads that closely resemble real-world attacks.This approach not only improves the model’s precision and dependability but also serves as a practical resource for cybersecurity professionals to enhance the security of web applications.The methodology and structured implementation underscore the importance and potential of advanced language models in cybersecurity,illustrating their effectiveness in generating high-quality synthetic data for penetration testing purposes.The research results demonstrate that this approach enables the identification of vulnerabilities that traditional methods may not uncover,providing deeper insights into potential threats and enhancing overall security measures.The performance evaluation of the model indicated satisfactory results,while further hyperparameter optimization could improve accuracy and generalization capabilities.This research represents a significant step forward in improving web application security and opens new opportunities for the use of LLMs in security testing,thereby contributing to the development of more effective cybersecurity strategies.展开更多
The performance of welded Ni-based superalloys at high temperatures is essential to be evaluated due to their particular service environment for aero-engines and high-speed aircrafts.The tensile properties and related...The performance of welded Ni-based superalloys at high temperatures is essential to be evaluated due to their particular service environment for aero-engines and high-speed aircrafts.The tensile properties and related microstructural evolutions such as the carbide precipitate and grain of a laser-welded Ni-based alloy were experimentally and numerically investigated at different temperatures(20,300,500,800℃).The results show that at room temperature,the strength of the Base Material(BM)was slightly smaller,with a difference of less than 1%,than the Welded Material(WM),which can be attributed to the more uniformly distributed needle-shaped carbide precipitates in the WM than those nonuniformly coarser spherical ones in the BM.While at 300℃ and 500℃,the strength of WM decreased more obviously compared with that of BM due to the more apparent growth of grain:13.52%loss in yield strength in WM alloys as compared with BM alloys at 300℃,and 16.57% at 500℃.At 800℃,the strength of BM and WM both decreased to a similar level due to Dynamic Recrystallization(DRX).However,a much higher elongation was observed for the BM than WM(less than 50%of BM),which can be attributed to the enhanced dislocation accumulation capability of the large spherical carbides along grain boundaries on the fracture surface in BM.Furthermore,a unified model considering the welding effects on both microstructures(dislocation,carbides,and grain)and mechanical properties evolutions at different temperatures was developed and validated.Based on this model,the key temperature ranges(20–600℃)where apparent weakening of strength and uniform plasticity occurs for welded structures were identified,providing a direct guidance for potential structure and process design.展开更多
Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Adva...Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.展开更多
Coral-like structures of the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12),(0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.04, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.02) compound were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural investigation certified the YIG cubic crystal struct...Coral-like structures of the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12),(0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.04, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.02) compound were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural investigation certified the YIG cubic crystal structure formation, without any secondary phase. It is shown that, the relatively large ionic radius of the dopant cations results in an expansion of the lattice parameter, variations in the Iona-O-Iondangle, Iona-O,Iond-O and Ionc-O bond distances and decrease in the average crystallite size. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and Raman measurements are essential to testify the single-phase formation of YIG crystal structure and are observed changes in the stretching and vibrational modes, respectively. The morphological study, energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) spectra and textural properties show corallike structures, peaks associated with Pr^(3+) and Yb^(3+) atoms and the effect of dopants on surface area,diameter, and pore volume, respectively. The optical analysis from diffuse reflectance spectra witnessed an increase in the optical gap band, a decrease in Urbach energy and blue shift in the charge transfer,correlated with the expansion of the unit cell due to the dopant's insertion in the YIG structure. A typical ferrimagnetic behavior is exhibited by the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12)compound. The saturation magnetization(M_(s)), cubic anisotropy constant(K_(1)) and coercive field(H_(c)) increase with the Pr^(3+)cations content, as consequence of their magnetic nature and distribution around of Fe^(3+)ions due to the coexistence with the Yb^(3+). Finally, for the first time, antibacterial tests by mean of the direct contact method were performed for YIG co-doped with Pr^(3+)and Yb^(3+)and it is shown that, relatively high dosages of Pr^(3+) cations favored the activity against S. aureus, therefore, a new biological property for YIG doped with rare earths is presented.展开更多
Agrotechnical assessment of struvite produced by a lab-scale sedimentation unit is performed. As a source of phosphates and ammonia, liquor obtained through dewatering of Мunicipal wastewater treatment plant sludge w...Agrotechnical assessment of struvite produced by a lab-scale sedimentation unit is performed. As a source of phosphates and ammonia, liquor obtained through dewatering of Мunicipal wastewater treatment plant sludge was in use. The range of phosphates and ammonia was in the range of 130 - 250 and 380 - 560 mg/L, respectively. Seawater brine with a magnesium concentration of around 60 g Mg<sup>2+</sup>/L was applied as a source of magnesium. The agrotechnical characteristics of struvite obtained were compared to ammonium nitrate and carbamide in regards to the productivity effects on maize hybrid P9241. The results show that the effectiveness of struvite and some commercial fertilizers is quite close. The highest yield in the experiment was achieved with the application of carbamide plus ammonium nitrate (56.64 kg/ha), while in applying struvite solely it is 54.60 kg/ha. The highest protein content of maize (9.7%) was observed in the case of struvite/ammonium nitrate application.展开更多
The implementation of ICT （information and communication technologies） into the educational process is becoming a reality in the 21st century. Today＇s students grow up with technology. To keep their attention, scie...The implementation of ICT （information and communication technologies） into the educational process is becoming a reality in the 21st century. Today＇s students grow up with technology. To keep their attention, scientific problems should be solved through visualization, which is made possible using ICT in the educational process. In the modem educational process, students still have difficulties in learning science concepts. Also, it is a very common problem that students cannot apply mathematical language and concepts into other science areas such as physics, engineering, etc. For example, students start learning about vectors in mathematics in secondary school. Vectors are very important because they have a wide area of applications especially in physics, engineering and navigation to represent forces, tension, velocity, etc.. Using the free mathematical software GeoGebra, a simulation of using vectors in these areas is made. It will be shown that such simulations increase students＇ interest, keep their attention, and make this knowledge more real and more understandable and connected to the physical world and thus more applicable to their other studies.展开更多
Intermetallic aluminide compounds possess several potential advantages compared to alloyed steels,like enhanced oxidation resistance,lower density and the omittance of critical raw materials.Iron aluminides,compared t...Intermetallic aluminide compounds possess several potential advantages compared to alloyed steels,like enhanced oxidation resistance,lower density and the omittance of critical raw materials.Iron aluminides,compared to other transition metal-aluminides of TM_(3)-Al type,although having a higher density compared to titan-aluminides,have a lower density compared to nickel-aluminides,but also a higher ductility than both alternatives,making this material potentially effective in ballistic protection application.Density-wise,this material may be a worthy alternative to armour steels,which was the aim of this study.Two materials,Fe_(3)Al intermetallic compound(F3A-C)and Armox 500 armour steel were ballistically tested against tungsten-carbide(WC)armour-piercing ammunition,in accordance with STANAG 4569.After ballistic testing,microhardness and metallographic testing were performed,revealing differences in strain hardening,crack propagation mode and exit hole morphology.F3A-C ballistic resistance is similar to that of armour steel,in spite of the lower tensile and impact mechanical properties,relying on a considerably higher strain hardening rate,thermal properties and a lower density.展开更多
Natural disasters and the adverse human activities are the key events in the history of mankind that form our history and shape our collective memory to this day.People on the planet Earth are not obsessed only with n...Natural disasters and the adverse human activities are the key events in the history of mankind that form our history and shape our collective memory to this day.People on the planet Earth are not obsessed only with natural hazards,caused by earthquakes,floods and volcanic eruptions,and troubles unlikely come solely from the action of nature.Disasters threatening the human race can be caused also by people themselves.Both types of disasters cause vast human suffering,at the same time destroying cultural heritage as well,that has the function of determining the identity of social communities.These sufferings should be added to those that can be determined only by in-depth analyses which are derived from the synergy of natural forces and mistaken choices made by the humans,when it comes to their habitat.The proposed strategic plan for protection of built heritage in emergency situations may become the powerful catalyst for the process of revitalization by which the social tissue of community is maintained and restored,creating the symbol of resistance by which it endures each and every natural element and evil men behaviour.展开更多
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all professional sectors to varying degrees. It has forced companies to restructure, initiate and promote telework. The aim was to study the impacts of COVID-19 lockdow...Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all professional sectors to varying degrees. It has forced companies to restructure, initiate and promote telework. The aim was to study the impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on banking activities in Conakry. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study over seven months (from November 25, 2020 to June 27, 2021) and multicentric. It included thirteen of the eighteen banks of the main city of the capital Conakry (Kaloum). We analysed socio-demographic data and occupational characteristics. We paid particular attention to banking activities and medical datas. Results: During our study period, 875 workers met to our criteria, one third of whom were men. The average age was 37.93 ± 9.39 years [22 - 71]. Financial accounters were the most represented and average seniority at the job was 5.35 years. The work schedule was reduced during lockdown but an telework increased (29.8%). On the medical datas, the prevalence of COVID-19 was 20.7%;the lethality rate was 0.6% and the absentee rate 15.6%. The COVID-19 lockdown has deeply impacted the banking activities in Conakry particularly the productivity by a significant decrease in net banking income. Conclusion: Despite the continuity of activities during this pandemic, banks have experienced a reduction in their productivity resulting in a significant decrease in net banking income. These impacts of COVID-19 on the banking sector reflect its impact on the national economy.展开更多
Visual perception is critical in robotic operations,particularly in collaborative and autonomous robot systems.Through efficient visual systems,robots can acquire and process environmental information in real-time,rec...Visual perception is critical in robotic operations,particularly in collaborative and autonomous robot systems.Through efficient visual systems,robots can acquire and process environmental information in real-time,recognise objects,assess spatial relationships,and make adaptive decisions.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the field of vision as applied to robotic perception,focusing primarily on visual applications in the areas of object perception,self-perception,human-robot collaboration,and multi-robot collaboration.By summarising the current state of development and analysing the challenges and opportunities that remain in these areas,this paper offers a thorough examination of the integration of visual perception with operational robotics.It further inspires future research and drives the application and development of visual perception across various robotic domains,enabling operational robots to better adapt to complex environments and reliably accomplish tasks.展开更多
Background:The oil from industrial hemp seeds(Cannabis sativa)is an ideal source of stearidonic acid,which is a precursor fatty acid for the long-chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.These fatty acids are important...Background:The oil from industrial hemp seeds(Cannabis sativa)is an ideal source of stearidonic acid,which is a precursor fatty acid for the long-chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.These fatty acids are important for neonatal development,health and immunity.Hemp seed oil has been investigated for the influence on human health,but research on the impact in pig nutrition is scarce.The aim of our research was to study the effect of dietary hemp seed oil relative to soybean oil to lactating sows on the transfer of fatty acids to the off-spring and the effect on piglets’immune and nutritional status.Results:The fatty acid composition of the hemp seed and the soybean oil influenced the fatty acid composition of sow plasma,colostrum and mature milk.The highest proportion of C18:3n-3,C18:4n-3 and C20:4n-6 was obtained in mature milk fat of sows fed 5%hemp seed oil diet when compared to the other dietary fat sources(5%soybean oil or a 50:50 mix of hemp and soybean oil at 5%).The effect of dietary oil supplementation to sows was reflected in the plasma fatty acids profile of piglets.Notably the proportion of C20:5n-3 and C22:5n-3 was the highest in plasma of piglets suckling sows fed hemp seed oil-containing diets,whereas no C18:4n-3 could be detected hence indicating conversion ofα-linolenic acid(ALA)and stearidonic acid(SDA)to the longer chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.Dietary fat source also influenced number of born piglets,their weight gain during first week,plasma concentration of glucose and IgG,and haematological profile.Conclusions:The hemp seed oil resulted in direct maternal supply with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LCPUFA),especially ALA and SDA,and piglets were able to convert these fatty acids obtained via the sow milk intake to C20:5n-3 and C22:5n-3.Furthermore,some interesting effects of the 5%hemp seed oil was obtained with regard to piglet initial body weight gain and glucose,which could be of interest for further research,i.e.,the capability of hemp seed oil to benefit piglets during early life.展开更多
Abstract： This study deals with the Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12C5B5.5 ferromagnetic bulk amorphous alloy. XRD analysis showed an amorphous structure of the as-cast sample. The same method revealed that, after annealing at 973...Abstract： This study deals with the Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12C5B5.5 ferromagnetic bulk amorphous alloy. XRD analysis showed an amorphous structure of the as-cast sample. The same method revealed that, after annealing at 973 K for v=10 min, the sample displayed a crystalline structure with crystalline phases formed. The crystallization process of the alloy was examined by DTA analysis. It was shown that crystallization took place in the temperature range between 810 K and 860 K with the exo-maximum peak temperature at 846 K with a heating rate of 20 K.min-1. The method also showed that, at temperatures ranging from 753 K to 810 K, the alloy exhibited the properties of supercooled liquids. A correlation between heat-induced structural changes and magnetic properties of the alloy was determined by thermomagnetic measurements. Maximum magnetization M=3.7 Am2.kg-1 of the alloy was reached after its annealing at 733 K for τ=10 min. Upon annealing, the alloy exhibited a relaxed amorphous structure. Annealing the alloy above the crystallization temperature led to a decrease in bulk magnetization. After annealing at 973 K for r=10 min, the bulk magnetization of the alloy was M＇=0.45 Am2.kg-1. Accordingly, after crystallization and formation of new compounds, the magnetization of the alloy was decreased by a factor of about 7.7. The strength of the magnetic field applied during the measurements was H=10 kA.m-1. The samples were tested for changes in the microstructure and hardness of both the amorphous phase and the resulting crystalline phase.展开更多
Background:The direct use of medical zinc oxide in feed will be abandoned after 2022 in Europe,leaving an urgent need for substitutes to prevent post-weaning disorders.Results:This study investigated the effect of usi...Background:The direct use of medical zinc oxide in feed will be abandoned after 2022 in Europe,leaving an urgent need for substitutes to prevent post-weaning disorders.Results:This study investigated the effect of using rapeseed-seaweed blend(rapeseed meal added two brown macroalgae species Ascophylum nodosum and Saccharina latissima)fermented by lactobacilli(FRS)as feed ingredients in piglet weaning.From d 28 of life to d 85,the piglets were fed one of three different feeding regimens(n=230 each)with inclusion of 0%,2.5% and 5% FRS.In this period,no significant difference of piglet performance was found among the three groups.From a subset of piglets(n=10 from each treatment),blood samples for hematology,biochemistry and immunoglobulin analysis,colon digesta for microbiome analysis,and jejunum and colon tissues for histopathological analyses were collected.The piglets fed with 2.5% FRS manifested alleviated intraepithelial and stromal lymphocytes infiltration in the gut,enhanced colon mucosa barrier relative to the 0% FRS group.The colon microbiota composition was determined using V3 and V1-V8 region 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing by Illumina NextSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION,respectively.The two amplicon sequencing strategies showed high consistency between the detected bacteria.Both sequencing strategies indicated that inclusion of FRS reshaped the colon microbiome of weaned piglets with increased Shannon diversity.Prevotella stercorea was verified by both methods to be more abundant in the piglets supplied with FRS feed,and its abundance was positively correlated with colonic mucosa thickness but negatively correlated with blood concentrations of leucocytes and IgG.Conclusions:FRS supplementation relieved the gut lymphocyte infiltration of the weaned piglets,improved the colon mucosa barrier with altered microbiota composition.Increasing the dietary inclusion of FRS from 2.5% to 5% did not lead to further improvements.展开更多
Based on domain specified language mechanism(DSLM),the architecture of the robotic training system for the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy(CP)is designed.Application of human-computer interaction(HCI)mo...Based on domain specified language mechanism(DSLM),the architecture of the robotic training system for the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy(CP)is designed.Application of human-computer interaction(HCI)motion recognition technology is combined with Kinect to improve the effect of cerebral palsy rehabilitation training.In this system,Kinect's bone recognition method is used to judge the patient's training movements,and the collected bone movement information is judged.The human-computer interaction function is based on the Microsoft foundation classes function of Visual Studio based on DSLM development,which can realize real-time interactive training and evaluation of people and actions,and record the training information of patients.The system combines the designed small game to train the upper limb movement ability and reaction ability of the cerebral palsy patient,and provides key technology for improving the cerebral palsy rehabilitation training system.展开更多
Direct discharge of municipal and industrial waste waters and leachate (originating from the illegal landfills) into recipients without prior purification is unfortunately very common practice in the region of norther...Direct discharge of municipal and industrial waste waters and leachate (originating from the illegal landfills) into recipients without prior purification is unfortunately very common practice in the region of northern Kosovo. In addition, irresponsible and incorrect selection of sites for industrial and municipal dumps, which are often located in vicinity or on actual river banks, contributes significantly to environmental pollution. Analysis of the leachate from such sites was done by direct sampling and by using TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leashing Procedures) method. Based on the analysis of physicochemical parameters of the filtrated water from the sites Zitkovac, Grabovac and Balaban and analysis of the samples of surface water and groundwater from the site Grabovac, possible steps for removal and reduction of the existing pollution were proposed. Potential permanent solution in form of purification of municipal and industrial waste waters as well as leachate from illegal landfills was suggested. The potential implementation of remediation with a unified system for water purification, by using Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR), which includes the process of stabilization/solidification of a residual sludge, would have as an end product a neutral powder material completely safe for the environment, suitable for a variety of applications.展开更多
Based on the Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois （i.e. the extended Peyrard-Bishop） model of DNA dynamics, the transversal hydrogen interaction is modelled by Morse potential and the impact of the Morse parameters on the DNA dyn...Based on the Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois （i.e. the extended Peyrard-Bishop） model of DNA dynamics, the transversal hydrogen interaction is modelled by Morse potential and the impact of the Morse parameters on the DNA dynamics is investigated. In particular, we show how modulation of the signal, moving through the DNA chain, depends on those parameters. It is also shown that the DNA dynamics represents the interplay between dispersion and nonlinearity. Finally, we discuss the values of coupling constants κ and K.展开更多
This paper presents comparative review of experimental and thermodynamic assessment of ternary Ag-Sb-Zn system. Isothermal section of the Ag-Sb-Zn system at 300 ~C has been calculated by CALPHAD method using ther- mod...This paper presents comparative review of experimental and thermodynamic assessment of ternary Ag-Sb-Zn system. Isothermal section of the Ag-Sb-Zn system at 300 ~C has been calculated by CALPHAD method using ther- modynamic parameters from literature. Microstructural analysis of a number of alloys was carried out by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, whereas chemical composition of observed phases was analyzed using energy- dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Hardness of selected alloys from four vertical sections was determined using Brinell hardness test and additionally by micro Vickers hardness test. Electrical conductivity of a number of alloys in the ternary Ag-Sb-Zn system was experimentally determined. Good overall agreement between experimental and calculated values was obtained.展开更多
The paper deals with factorial experimental design models decoding.For the ease of calculation of the experimental mathematical models,it is convenient first to code the independent variables.When selecting independen...The paper deals with factorial experimental design models decoding.For the ease of calculation of the experimental mathematical models,it is convenient first to code the independent variables.When selecting independent variables,it is necessary to take into account the range covered by each.A wide range of choices of different variables is presented in this paper.After calculating the regression model,its variables must be returned to their original values for the model to be easy recognized and represented.In the paper,the procedures of simple first order models,with interactions and with second order models,are presented,which could be a very complicated process.Models without and with the mutual influence of independent variables differ.The encoding and decoding procedure on a model with two independent first-order parameters is presented in details.Also,the procedure of model decoding is presented in the experimental surface roughness parameters models’determination,in the face milling machining process,using the first and second order model central compositional experimental design.The simple calculation procedure is recommended in the case study.Also,a large number of examples using mathematical models obtained on the basis of the presented methodology are presented throughout the paper.展开更多
A MNSM( mirror neuron system mechanism)-based controller is developed to present the swimming rhythm of a snake-like robot in Cartesian space. From engineering viewpoint,the proposed controller is composed of a neuron...A MNSM( mirror neuron system mechanism)-based controller is developed to present the swimming rhythm of a snake-like robot in Cartesian space. From engineering viewpoint,the proposed controller is composed of a neuron for rhythm angle and two neurons for motion knowledge in XY plane. The given knowledge is a rhythm curve for swimming motion of a snake-like robot. Experimental results show that the proposed controller can present the knowledge of swimming rhythm,which represents the corresponding control law to drive the snake-like robot to swim with different speeds and turning motion. This work provides a novel method to present the knowledge for swimming motion of snake-like robots.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia,and these results are parts of Grant No.451-03-66/2024-03/200132 with the University of Kragujevac-Faculty of Technical Sciences Cacak.
文摘With the increasing use of web applications,challenges in the field of cybersecurity are becoming more complex.This paper explores the application of fine-tuned large language models(LLMs)for the automatic generation of synthetic attacks,including XSS(Cross-Site Scripting),SQL Injections,and Command Injections.A web application has been developed that allows penetration testers to quickly generate high-quality payloads without the need for in-depth knowledge of artificial intelligence.The fine-tuned language model demonstrates the capability to produce synthetic payloads that closely resemble real-world attacks.This approach not only improves the model’s precision and dependability but also serves as a practical resource for cybersecurity professionals to enhance the security of web applications.The methodology and structured implementation underscore the importance and potential of advanced language models in cybersecurity,illustrating their effectiveness in generating high-quality synthetic data for penetration testing purposes.The research results demonstrate that this approach enables the identification of vulnerabilities that traditional methods may not uncover,providing deeper insights into potential threats and enhancing overall security measures.The performance evaluation of the model indicated satisfactory results,while further hyperparameter optimization could improve accuracy and generalization capabilities.This research represents a significant step forward in improving web application security and opens new opportunities for the use of LLMs in security testing,thereby contributing to the development of more effective cybersecurity strategies.
基金co-supported by the financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.YWF-23-L-1012,YWF-22-L-1017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52005020)。
文摘The performance of welded Ni-based superalloys at high temperatures is essential to be evaluated due to their particular service environment for aero-engines and high-speed aircrafts.The tensile properties and related microstructural evolutions such as the carbide precipitate and grain of a laser-welded Ni-based alloy were experimentally and numerically investigated at different temperatures(20,300,500,800℃).The results show that at room temperature,the strength of the Base Material(BM)was slightly smaller,with a difference of less than 1%,than the Welded Material(WM),which can be attributed to the more uniformly distributed needle-shaped carbide precipitates in the WM than those nonuniformly coarser spherical ones in the BM.While at 300℃ and 500℃,the strength of WM decreased more obviously compared with that of BM due to the more apparent growth of grain:13.52%loss in yield strength in WM alloys as compared with BM alloys at 300℃,and 16.57% at 500℃.At 800℃,the strength of BM and WM both decreased to a similar level due to Dynamic Recrystallization(DRX).However,a much higher elongation was observed for the BM than WM(less than 50%of BM),which can be attributed to the enhanced dislocation accumulation capability of the large spherical carbides along grain boundaries on the fracture surface in BM.Furthermore,a unified model considering the welding effects on both microstructures(dislocation,carbides,and grain)and mechanical properties evolutions at different temperatures was developed and validated.Based on this model,the key temperature ranges(20–600℃)where apparent weakening of strength and uniform plasticity occurs for welded structures were identified,providing a direct guidance for potential structure and process design.
基金supported by research grants from Regionalt Forskningsfond (RFF) Trondelag (In FeedProject number: 309859),where Nord University is the project leading institution,and Gullimunn AS and Mære Landbruksskole are project partnerssupported by the CEER project (Project number: 2021/10345) funded by the Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education (HK-dir) under the Norwegian Partnership Program for Global Academic Cooperation (NORPART ) with support from the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research (MER)。
文摘Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.
基金The authors are grateful to the Brazilian Agencies:Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior(CAPES),Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico(CNPq),(CNPq N 4/2021-Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa-PQ 307659/2021-6),(Chamada CNPq/MCTI/FNDCT N°18/2021-Faixa A,407796/2021-5)Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos(FINEP)and Fundacao de Amparo a Ciencia e Tecnologia de Pernambuco(FACEPE)(APQ-0635-3.03/21-Jovens Pesquisadores).
文摘Coral-like structures of the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12),(0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.04, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.02) compound were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural investigation certified the YIG cubic crystal structure formation, without any secondary phase. It is shown that, the relatively large ionic radius of the dopant cations results in an expansion of the lattice parameter, variations in the Iona-O-Iondangle, Iona-O,Iond-O and Ionc-O bond distances and decrease in the average crystallite size. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and Raman measurements are essential to testify the single-phase formation of YIG crystal structure and are observed changes in the stretching and vibrational modes, respectively. The morphological study, energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) spectra and textural properties show corallike structures, peaks associated with Pr^(3+) and Yb^(3+) atoms and the effect of dopants on surface area,diameter, and pore volume, respectively. The optical analysis from diffuse reflectance spectra witnessed an increase in the optical gap band, a decrease in Urbach energy and blue shift in the charge transfer,correlated with the expansion of the unit cell due to the dopant's insertion in the YIG structure. A typical ferrimagnetic behavior is exhibited by the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12)compound. The saturation magnetization(M_(s)), cubic anisotropy constant(K_(1)) and coercive field(H_(c)) increase with the Pr^(3+)cations content, as consequence of their magnetic nature and distribution around of Fe^(3+)ions due to the coexistence with the Yb^(3+). Finally, for the first time, antibacterial tests by mean of the direct contact method were performed for YIG co-doped with Pr^(3+)and Yb^(3+)and it is shown that, relatively high dosages of Pr^(3+) cations favored the activity against S. aureus, therefore, a new biological property for YIG doped with rare earths is presented.
文摘Agrotechnical assessment of struvite produced by a lab-scale sedimentation unit is performed. As a source of phosphates and ammonia, liquor obtained through dewatering of Мunicipal wastewater treatment plant sludge was in use. The range of phosphates and ammonia was in the range of 130 - 250 and 380 - 560 mg/L, respectively. Seawater brine with a magnesium concentration of around 60 g Mg<sup>2+</sup>/L was applied as a source of magnesium. The agrotechnical characteristics of struvite obtained were compared to ammonium nitrate and carbamide in regards to the productivity effects on maize hybrid P9241. The results show that the effectiveness of struvite and some commercial fertilizers is quite close. The highest yield in the experiment was achieved with the application of carbamide plus ammonium nitrate (56.64 kg/ha), while in applying struvite solely it is 54.60 kg/ha. The highest protein content of maize (9.7%) was observed in the case of struvite/ammonium nitrate application.
文摘The implementation of ICT （information and communication technologies） into the educational process is becoming a reality in the 21st century. Today＇s students grow up with technology. To keep their attention, scientific problems should be solved through visualization, which is made possible using ICT in the educational process. In the modem educational process, students still have difficulties in learning science concepts. Also, it is a very common problem that students cannot apply mathematical language and concepts into other science areas such as physics, engineering, etc. For example, students start learning about vectors in mathematics in secondary school. Vectors are very important because they have a wide area of applications especially in physics, engineering and navigation to represent forces, tension, velocity, etc.. Using the free mathematical software GeoGebra, a simulation of using vectors in these areas is made. It will be shown that such simulations increase students＇ interest, keep their attention, and make this knowledge more real and more understandable and connected to the physical world and thus more applicable to their other studies.
基金support by the project entitled"Interdisciplinarity in Materials Science and Joining Technologies"from the Department of Production Engineering,Faculty of Technical Sciences Novi Sad,Serbia。
文摘Intermetallic aluminide compounds possess several potential advantages compared to alloyed steels,like enhanced oxidation resistance,lower density and the omittance of critical raw materials.Iron aluminides,compared to other transition metal-aluminides of TM_(3)-Al type,although having a higher density compared to titan-aluminides,have a lower density compared to nickel-aluminides,but also a higher ductility than both alternatives,making this material potentially effective in ballistic protection application.Density-wise,this material may be a worthy alternative to armour steels,which was the aim of this study.Two materials,Fe_(3)Al intermetallic compound(F3A-C)and Armox 500 armour steel were ballistically tested against tungsten-carbide(WC)armour-piercing ammunition,in accordance with STANAG 4569.After ballistic testing,microhardness and metallographic testing were performed,revealing differences in strain hardening,crack propagation mode and exit hole morphology.F3A-C ballistic resistance is similar to that of armour steel,in spite of the lower tensile and impact mechanical properties,relying on a considerably higher strain hardening rate,thermal properties and a lower density.
文摘Natural disasters and the adverse human activities are the key events in the history of mankind that form our history and shape our collective memory to this day.People on the planet Earth are not obsessed only with natural hazards,caused by earthquakes,floods and volcanic eruptions,and troubles unlikely come solely from the action of nature.Disasters threatening the human race can be caused also by people themselves.Both types of disasters cause vast human suffering,at the same time destroying cultural heritage as well,that has the function of determining the identity of social communities.These sufferings should be added to those that can be determined only by in-depth analyses which are derived from the synergy of natural forces and mistaken choices made by the humans,when it comes to their habitat.The proposed strategic plan for protection of built heritage in emergency situations may become the powerful catalyst for the process of revitalization by which the social tissue of community is maintained and restored,creating the symbol of resistance by which it endures each and every natural element and evil men behaviour.
文摘Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all professional sectors to varying degrees. It has forced companies to restructure, initiate and promote telework. The aim was to study the impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on banking activities in Conakry. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study over seven months (from November 25, 2020 to June 27, 2021) and multicentric. It included thirteen of the eighteen banks of the main city of the capital Conakry (Kaloum). We analysed socio-demographic data and occupational characteristics. We paid particular attention to banking activities and medical datas. Results: During our study period, 875 workers met to our criteria, one third of whom were men. The average age was 37.93 ± 9.39 years [22 - 71]. Financial accounters were the most represented and average seniority at the job was 5.35 years. The work schedule was reduced during lockdown but an telework increased (29.8%). On the medical datas, the prevalence of COVID-19 was 20.7%;the lethality rate was 0.6% and the absentee rate 15.6%. The COVID-19 lockdown has deeply impacted the banking activities in Conakry particularly the productivity by a significant decrease in net banking income. Conclusion: Despite the continuity of activities during this pandemic, banks have experienced a reduction in their productivity resulting in a significant decrease in net banking income. These impacts of COVID-19 on the banking sector reflect its impact on the national economy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 62306185)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant 2024A1515012065)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grants JSGGKQTD20221101115656029 and KJZD20230923113801004).
文摘Visual perception is critical in robotic operations,particularly in collaborative and autonomous robot systems.Through efficient visual systems,robots can acquire and process environmental information in real-time,recognise objects,assess spatial relationships,and make adaptive decisions.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the field of vision as applied to robotic perception,focusing primarily on visual applications in the areas of object perception,self-perception,human-robot collaboration,and multi-robot collaboration.By summarising the current state of development and analysing the challenges and opportunities that remain in these areas,this paper offers a thorough examination of the integration of visual perception with operational robotics.It further inspires future research and drives the application and development of visual perception across various robotic domains,enabling operational robots to better adapt to complex environments and reliably accomplish tasks.
基金The development of the hemp seed oil and the feed formulation, and theanimal experiment and laboratory analysis were partly funded by theMinistry of Environment and Food of Denmark through the GreenDevelopment and Demonstration Program.
文摘Background:The oil from industrial hemp seeds(Cannabis sativa)is an ideal source of stearidonic acid,which is a precursor fatty acid for the long-chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.These fatty acids are important for neonatal development,health and immunity.Hemp seed oil has been investigated for the influence on human health,but research on the impact in pig nutrition is scarce.The aim of our research was to study the effect of dietary hemp seed oil relative to soybean oil to lactating sows on the transfer of fatty acids to the off-spring and the effect on piglets’immune and nutritional status.Results:The fatty acid composition of the hemp seed and the soybean oil influenced the fatty acid composition of sow plasma,colostrum and mature milk.The highest proportion of C18:3n-3,C18:4n-3 and C20:4n-6 was obtained in mature milk fat of sows fed 5%hemp seed oil diet when compared to the other dietary fat sources(5%soybean oil or a 50:50 mix of hemp and soybean oil at 5%).The effect of dietary oil supplementation to sows was reflected in the plasma fatty acids profile of piglets.Notably the proportion of C20:5n-3 and C22:5n-3 was the highest in plasma of piglets suckling sows fed hemp seed oil-containing diets,whereas no C18:4n-3 could be detected hence indicating conversion ofα-linolenic acid(ALA)and stearidonic acid(SDA)to the longer chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.Dietary fat source also influenced number of born piglets,their weight gain during first week,plasma concentration of glucose and IgG,and haematological profile.Conclusions:The hemp seed oil resulted in direct maternal supply with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LCPUFA),especially ALA and SDA,and piglets were able to convert these fatty acids obtained via the sow milk intake to C20:5n-3 and C22:5n-3.Furthermore,some interesting effects of the 5%hemp seed oil was obtained with regard to piglet initial body weight gain and glucose,which could be of interest for further research,i.e.,the capability of hemp seed oil to benefit piglets during early life.
文摘Abstract： This study deals with the Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12C5B5.5 ferromagnetic bulk amorphous alloy. XRD analysis showed an amorphous structure of the as-cast sample. The same method revealed that, after annealing at 973 K for v=10 min, the sample displayed a crystalline structure with crystalline phases formed. The crystallization process of the alloy was examined by DTA analysis. It was shown that crystallization took place in the temperature range between 810 K and 860 K with the exo-maximum peak temperature at 846 K with a heating rate of 20 K.min-1. The method also showed that, at temperatures ranging from 753 K to 810 K, the alloy exhibited the properties of supercooled liquids. A correlation between heat-induced structural changes and magnetic properties of the alloy was determined by thermomagnetic measurements. Maximum magnetization M=3.7 Am2.kg-1 of the alloy was reached after its annealing at 733 K for τ=10 min. Upon annealing, the alloy exhibited a relaxed amorphous structure. Annealing the alloy above the crystallization temperature led to a decrease in bulk magnetization. After annealing at 973 K for r=10 min, the bulk magnetization of the alloy was M＇=0.45 Am2.kg-1. Accordingly, after crystallization and formation of new compounds, the magnetization of the alloy was decreased by a factor of about 7.7. The strength of the magnetic field applied during the measurements was H=10 kA.m-1. The samples were tested for changes in the microstructure and hardness of both the amorphous phase and the resulting crystalline phase.
基金financed by Bio-Based Industries Joint Undertaking under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 720755(Macro Cascade project)co-financed by the Innovation Fund Denmark and the University of Copenhagen under a PhD grant(file no.5157-00003B)for PhD studyfinanced by China Scholarship Council under a PhD scholarship(No.201706350028).
文摘Background:The direct use of medical zinc oxide in feed will be abandoned after 2022 in Europe,leaving an urgent need for substitutes to prevent post-weaning disorders.Results:This study investigated the effect of using rapeseed-seaweed blend(rapeseed meal added two brown macroalgae species Ascophylum nodosum and Saccharina latissima)fermented by lactobacilli(FRS)as feed ingredients in piglet weaning.From d 28 of life to d 85,the piglets were fed one of three different feeding regimens(n=230 each)with inclusion of 0%,2.5% and 5% FRS.In this period,no significant difference of piglet performance was found among the three groups.From a subset of piglets(n=10 from each treatment),blood samples for hematology,biochemistry and immunoglobulin analysis,colon digesta for microbiome analysis,and jejunum and colon tissues for histopathological analyses were collected.The piglets fed with 2.5% FRS manifested alleviated intraepithelial and stromal lymphocytes infiltration in the gut,enhanced colon mucosa barrier relative to the 0% FRS group.The colon microbiota composition was determined using V3 and V1-V8 region 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing by Illumina NextSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION,respectively.The two amplicon sequencing strategies showed high consistency between the detected bacteria.Both sequencing strategies indicated that inclusion of FRS reshaped the colon microbiome of weaned piglets with increased Shannon diversity.Prevotella stercorea was verified by both methods to be more abundant in the piglets supplied with FRS feed,and its abundance was positively correlated with colonic mucosa thickness but negatively correlated with blood concentrations of leucocytes and IgG.Conclusions:FRS supplementation relieved the gut lymphocyte infiltration of the weaned piglets,improved the colon mucosa barrier with altered microbiota composition.Increasing the dietary inclusion of FRS from 2.5% to 5% did not lead to further improvements.
基金Supported by the China-Slovenia Intergovernmental Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange Project(2017-21-12-16)China-Serbia Intergovernmental Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange Project(266-3-1).
文摘Based on domain specified language mechanism(DSLM),the architecture of the robotic training system for the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy(CP)is designed.Application of human-computer interaction(HCI)motion recognition technology is combined with Kinect to improve the effect of cerebral palsy rehabilitation training.In this system,Kinect's bone recognition method is used to judge the patient's training movements,and the collected bone movement information is judged.The human-computer interaction function is based on the Microsoft foundation classes function of Visual Studio based on DSLM development,which can realize real-time interactive training and evaluation of people and actions,and record the training information of patients.The system combines the designed small game to train the upper limb movement ability and reaction ability of the cerebral palsy patient,and provides key technology for improving the cerebral palsy rehabilitation training system.
文摘Direct discharge of municipal and industrial waste waters and leachate (originating from the illegal landfills) into recipients without prior purification is unfortunately very common practice in the region of northern Kosovo. In addition, irresponsible and incorrect selection of sites for industrial and municipal dumps, which are often located in vicinity or on actual river banks, contributes significantly to environmental pollution. Analysis of the leachate from such sites was done by direct sampling and by using TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leashing Procedures) method. Based on the analysis of physicochemical parameters of the filtrated water from the sites Zitkovac, Grabovac and Balaban and analysis of the samples of surface water and groundwater from the site Grabovac, possible steps for removal and reduction of the existing pollution were proposed. Potential permanent solution in form of purification of municipal and industrial waste waters as well as leachate from illegal landfills was suggested. The potential implementation of remediation with a unified system for water purification, by using Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR), which includes the process of stabilization/solidification of a residual sludge, would have as an end product a neutral powder material completely safe for the environment, suitable for a variety of applications.
文摘Based on the Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois （i.e. the extended Peyrard-Bishop） model of DNA dynamics, the transversal hydrogen interaction is modelled by Morse potential and the impact of the Morse parameters on the DNA dynamics is investigated. In particular, we show how modulation of the signal, moving through the DNA chain, depends on those parameters. It is also shown that the DNA dynamics represents the interplay between dispersion and nonlinearity. Finally, we discuss the values of coupling constants κ and K.
基金The financial support of the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia under the Project ON172037
文摘This paper presents comparative review of experimental and thermodynamic assessment of ternary Ag-Sb-Zn system. Isothermal section of the Ag-Sb-Zn system at 300 ~C has been calculated by CALPHAD method using ther- modynamic parameters from literature. Microstructural analysis of a number of alloys was carried out by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, whereas chemical composition of observed phases was analyzed using energy- dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Hardness of selected alloys from four vertical sections was determined using Brinell hardness test and additionally by micro Vickers hardness test. Electrical conductivity of a number of alloys in the ternary Ag-Sb-Zn system was experimentally determined. Good overall agreement between experimental and calculated values was obtained.
文摘The paper deals with factorial experimental design models decoding.For the ease of calculation of the experimental mathematical models,it is convenient first to code the independent variables.When selecting independent variables,it is necessary to take into account the range covered by each.A wide range of choices of different variables is presented in this paper.After calculating the regression model,its variables must be returned to their original values for the model to be easy recognized and represented.In the paper,the procedures of simple first order models,with interactions and with second order models,are presented,which could be a very complicated process.Models without and with the mutual influence of independent variables differ.The encoding and decoding procedure on a model with two independent first-order parameters is presented in details.Also,the procedure of model decoding is presented in the experimental surface roughness parameters models’determination,in the face milling machining process,using the first and second order model central compositional experimental design.The simple calculation procedure is recommended in the case study.Also,a large number of examples using mathematical models obtained on the basis of the presented methodology are presented throughout the paper.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61333016)
文摘A MNSM( mirror neuron system mechanism)-based controller is developed to present the swimming rhythm of a snake-like robot in Cartesian space. From engineering viewpoint,the proposed controller is composed of a neuron for rhythm angle and two neurons for motion knowledge in XY plane. The given knowledge is a rhythm curve for swimming motion of a snake-like robot. Experimental results show that the proposed controller can present the knowledge of swimming rhythm,which represents the corresponding control law to drive the snake-like robot to swim with different speeds and turning motion. This work provides a novel method to present the knowledge for swimming motion of snake-like robots.
