Objective To evaluate the emotional and cognitive status in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), using neuropsychological tests and evoked-related potential (P3). Methods Sixteen patients diagnosed o...Objective To evaluate the emotional and cognitive status in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), using neuropsychological tests and evoked-related potential (P3). Methods Sixteen patients diagnosed of OSAS were tested by Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HRSA) and Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD). Other three groups, OSAS patient group (n=21), snoring group (n=21), and control group (n=21), were administered polysomnography (PSG), auditory evoked event-related potential (P3), and clinic memory test. The results were analyzed using general linear model (GLM) analysis and Post Hoc test. Results Twelve OSAS patients’ scores of HRSA and HRSD were beyond the normal range, 26.42 ±4.48 and 22.08 ±3.97 respectively. The auditory P3 latency in OSAS group was 363.1 ±22.9 ms (Fz), 368.57 ±28.03 ms (Cz), in snoring group 336.57 ±31.08 ms (Fz), 339.81 ±31.76 ms (Cz), in control group 340.8 ±28.7 ms (Fz), 338.29 ±29.21 ms (Cz). There were significant differences between OSAS group and snoring group, as well as control group (P< 0.05). No significant difference was seen between snoring group and control group. No significant difference was noted in P3 amplitude among three groups. Memory quotient (MQ) reduced in snoring group compared with control group. Conclusions Emotional disturbances are common clinical features in OSAS patients. Abnormal auditory P3 latency indicates the cognitive dysfunction in OSAS patients. Nocturnal hypoxaemia may play an important role on it. Snorers should be monitored because of the tendency to develop cognitive impairment.展开更多
To explore the significance of interferon gamma(IFN-γ) and adenosine deaminase (ADA)in differential diagnosis of pleural effusions. Methods: Levels of IFN-γ was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ADA ac...To explore the significance of interferon gamma(IFN-γ) and adenosine deaminase (ADA)in differential diagnosis of pleural effusions. Methods: Levels of IFN-γ was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ADA activity was measured by colorimetric method. 37 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion and 36 patients with non-tuberculous pleurai effusions including 25 patients with malignant pleural effusions and 8 patients with pleural transudates were studied. Results: The levels of IFN-γ in patients with tuberculous pleural effusions(490.83±384.67 pg.mL^-1) were higher than those with malignant pleural effusions(36.40±90.85 pg. mL^-1) and pleural transudates(14.87±5.96 pg. mL^-1) (P<0.01). Mean ADA activity was 52.69±17.78 U. L^-1 in tuberculous pleural effusion; 19.53±13.59 in malignant pleural effusions; 9.43±4.06 inpleural transudates. The difference is significant (P<0.001). The diagnostic sensitivity of IFN-γ for tuberculous pleural effusions is 81%, specifity is 97%, the over accuracy is 90.4%. The diagnostic efficiency of ADA as following: sensitivity 89%, specifity 97%, and the over accuracy 94.5%. Conclusions: Assessments of IFN-γ and ADA in pleural effusions are of clinically diagnostic value in distinguishing tuberculous from non-tuberculous pleural effusions.展开更多
Background Many patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have complicated with hypertension and may be prescribed with antihypertension medications to control their blood pressure But whether antihyperte...Background Many patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have complicated with hypertension and may be prescribed with antihypertension medications to control their blood pressure But whether antihypertension medications can also decrease arterial stiffness or control the blood pressure increasing following obstructive events is not well described This study aimed to investigate whether antihypertensive medications can ameliorate the changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure associated with OSA Methods Sixtyone OSAS patients [13 women, 48 men, mean age (534±123) years], 26 normotensive patients (N), 7 hypertensive patients on no antihypertension medications (H), and 28 hypertensive patients on various combination antihypertension therapy (HM), were prospectively diagnosed with standard nocturnal polysomnography Beattobeat blood pressure was continuously recorded from the radial artery by applanation tonometry during baseline sleep As a measure of arterial stiffness, arterial augmentation index (AAI) was calculated as the ratio of augmented systolic blood pressure (SBP) to pulse pressure and expressed as a percentage for the following conditions: awakening, the first 10 ('early apnea') and last 10 ('late apnea') cardiac cycles of obstructive events (apnea or hypopnea), and the first 15 cardiac cycles following event termination ('post apnea') for all events with nadir O2 saturation ≤89% Results Systolic blood pressure (SBP) postapnea [(14274±1306) mmHg (N), (13706±2656) mmHg (H), (13694±141) mmHg (HM)] was significantly increased from awakening [(13576±1476) mmHg (N), (13558±2317) mmHg (H), (12977±1400) mmHg (HM)], early apnea [(13053±1265) mmHg (N), (12447±2497) mmHg (H), (12604±1312) mmHg (HM)], and late apnea [(1298±1268) mmHg(N), (12478±2515) mmHg (H), (12448±1382) mmHg (HM)] respectively (P<0001, repeated measures ANOVA) AAI was significantly increased for the N group (P<0001) from awakening to late apnea [(1045±262)% vs (1443±321)%] and from early apnea to late apnea [(1061±234)% vs (1443±321)%], and also for H group (P<005) from awakening to late apnea [(1123±387)% vs (1632±802)%] and from early apnea to late apnea [(1175±379)% vs (1632±802)%] Meanwhile, no significant differences in AAI among awakening, early apnea, late apnea, and postapnea conditions were found in HM group Conclusions The current data demonstrate that systemic blood pressure increases significantly during the postapneic phase of OSAS, compared with that during awakening and intraapnea phases even with the use of combined antihypertensive therapy which could normalize BP during awakening in the hypertensive patients However, increases in arterial stiffness during obstructive events could be ameliorated by combined antihypertension medications展开更多
文摘Objective To evaluate the emotional and cognitive status in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), using neuropsychological tests and evoked-related potential (P3). Methods Sixteen patients diagnosed of OSAS were tested by Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HRSA) and Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD). Other three groups, OSAS patient group (n=21), snoring group (n=21), and control group (n=21), were administered polysomnography (PSG), auditory evoked event-related potential (P3), and clinic memory test. The results were analyzed using general linear model (GLM) analysis and Post Hoc test. Results Twelve OSAS patients’ scores of HRSA and HRSD were beyond the normal range, 26.42 ±4.48 and 22.08 ±3.97 respectively. The auditory P3 latency in OSAS group was 363.1 ±22.9 ms (Fz), 368.57 ±28.03 ms (Cz), in snoring group 336.57 ±31.08 ms (Fz), 339.81 ±31.76 ms (Cz), in control group 340.8 ±28.7 ms (Fz), 338.29 ±29.21 ms (Cz). There were significant differences between OSAS group and snoring group, as well as control group (P< 0.05). No significant difference was seen between snoring group and control group. No significant difference was noted in P3 amplitude among three groups. Memory quotient (MQ) reduced in snoring group compared with control group. Conclusions Emotional disturbances are common clinical features in OSAS patients. Abnormal auditory P3 latency indicates the cognitive dysfunction in OSAS patients. Nocturnal hypoxaemia may play an important role on it. Snorers should be monitored because of the tendency to develop cognitive impairment.
文摘To explore the significance of interferon gamma(IFN-γ) and adenosine deaminase (ADA)in differential diagnosis of pleural effusions. Methods: Levels of IFN-γ was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ADA activity was measured by colorimetric method. 37 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion and 36 patients with non-tuberculous pleurai effusions including 25 patients with malignant pleural effusions and 8 patients with pleural transudates were studied. Results: The levels of IFN-γ in patients with tuberculous pleural effusions(490.83±384.67 pg.mL^-1) were higher than those with malignant pleural effusions(36.40±90.85 pg. mL^-1) and pleural transudates(14.87±5.96 pg. mL^-1) (P<0.01). Mean ADA activity was 52.69±17.78 U. L^-1 in tuberculous pleural effusion; 19.53±13.59 in malignant pleural effusions; 9.43±4.06 inpleural transudates. The difference is significant (P<0.001). The diagnostic sensitivity of IFN-γ for tuberculous pleural effusions is 81%, specifity is 97%, the over accuracy is 90.4%. The diagnostic efficiency of ADA as following: sensitivity 89%, specifity 97%, and the over accuracy 94.5%. Conclusions: Assessments of IFN-γ and ADA in pleural effusions are of clinically diagnostic value in distinguishing tuberculous from non-tuberculous pleural effusions.
文摘Background Many patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have complicated with hypertension and may be prescribed with antihypertension medications to control their blood pressure But whether antihypertension medications can also decrease arterial stiffness or control the blood pressure increasing following obstructive events is not well described This study aimed to investigate whether antihypertensive medications can ameliorate the changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure associated with OSA Methods Sixtyone OSAS patients [13 women, 48 men, mean age (534±123) years], 26 normotensive patients (N), 7 hypertensive patients on no antihypertension medications (H), and 28 hypertensive patients on various combination antihypertension therapy (HM), were prospectively diagnosed with standard nocturnal polysomnography Beattobeat blood pressure was continuously recorded from the radial artery by applanation tonometry during baseline sleep As a measure of arterial stiffness, arterial augmentation index (AAI) was calculated as the ratio of augmented systolic blood pressure (SBP) to pulse pressure and expressed as a percentage for the following conditions: awakening, the first 10 ('early apnea') and last 10 ('late apnea') cardiac cycles of obstructive events (apnea or hypopnea), and the first 15 cardiac cycles following event termination ('post apnea') for all events with nadir O2 saturation ≤89% Results Systolic blood pressure (SBP) postapnea [(14274±1306) mmHg (N), (13706±2656) mmHg (H), (13694±141) mmHg (HM)] was significantly increased from awakening [(13576±1476) mmHg (N), (13558±2317) mmHg (H), (12977±1400) mmHg (HM)], early apnea [(13053±1265) mmHg (N), (12447±2497) mmHg (H), (12604±1312) mmHg (HM)], and late apnea [(1298±1268) mmHg(N), (12478±2515) mmHg (H), (12448±1382) mmHg (HM)] respectively (P<0001, repeated measures ANOVA) AAI was significantly increased for the N group (P<0001) from awakening to late apnea [(1045±262)% vs (1443±321)%] and from early apnea to late apnea [(1061±234)% vs (1443±321)%], and also for H group (P<005) from awakening to late apnea [(1123±387)% vs (1632±802)%] and from early apnea to late apnea [(1175±379)% vs (1632±802)%] Meanwhile, no significant differences in AAI among awakening, early apnea, late apnea, and postapnea conditions were found in HM group Conclusions The current data demonstrate that systemic blood pressure increases significantly during the postapneic phase of OSAS, compared with that during awakening and intraapnea phases even with the use of combined antihypertensive therapy which could normalize BP during awakening in the hypertensive patients However, increases in arterial stiffness during obstructive events could be ameliorated by combined antihypertension medications
