Japan’s aging rate (ratio of elderly aged 65 and older to total population) has exceeded 20%. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between Health Related Quality of Life, Body Mass Index (BMI), and ...Japan’s aging rate (ratio of elderly aged 65 and older to total population) has exceeded 20%. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between Health Related Quality of Life, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sleep quality. Subjects were 51 adults over 55 years old with chronic disease who living in the community. Instruments and structured interviews were used giving due consideration to privacy. Interviews were conducted within 10 - 20 minutes at the out-patient department. The evaluation instruments included bodymass index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). A significant positive correlation (ρ = 0.321, p < 0.05) between PSQI and QOL (OHIP-14) scores was confirmed with sleep quality being lower with lower QOL scores. A negative correlation (ρ = ?0.339, p < 0.05) between physical health component summary scores (PCS) and mental health component summary scores (MCS) of HRQOL was confirmed, demonstrating that PCS was low, and the level of MCS was high. Sleep quality was found lower among those with lower oral health-related QOL scores. Moreover, in subjects with lower MCS scores, the PCS scores were found to be higher. Accordingly, it was considered appropriate that dental treatment and care, support the maintenance of activities and sleep, and mental health promotion which are likely requisites critical for elderly persons’ maintenance of independent lifestyles in their familiar community.展开更多
Introduction: Oral health management is often difficult in patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy due to defects, bulky flaps, limitation of tongue movement, and trismus. In addition, patients who...Introduction: Oral health management is often difficult in patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy due to defects, bulky flaps, limitation of tongue movement, and trismus. In addition, patients who have undergone radiotherapy have serious disabilities such as oral mucositis, mucosal weakening, soft tissue fibrosis, salivary gland disorder, and osteoradionecrosis. Dental hygienists must understand the characteristics of patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy. In this report, the oral health management of three patients after maxillectomy, mandibulectomy, and radiotherapy was shown. Case Description: Case 1: A 53-year-old male patient visited our clinic after chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and partial maxillectomy for cancer of the right maxillary gingiva. Case 2: A 65-year-old male patient visited our clinic after radiotherapy for a right-sided tongue cancer, partial mandibulectomy of the right tongue to the oropharynx, a right-sided segmental mandibulectomy and a speech aid and a mandibular prosthesis were provided. Case 3: A 36-year-old female visited our clinic for radiotherapy for left-sided tongue cancer. Dental hygienists provided oral health management to the patients. In oral health management, it was suggested that intervention before cancer treatment, oral hygiene instructions tailored to patients’ symptoms, and frequent professional care are important. Conclusion: Oral health management by dental hygienists is extremely important for patients undergoing maxillofacial cancer treatment to maintain their quality of life in the long term.展开更多
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether partial removable denture use indeed leads to improved oral health related quality of life and masticatory function. Materials and Methods: Partially edentulous patients p...The aim of this study was to evaluate whether partial removable denture use indeed leads to improved oral health related quality of life and masticatory function. Materials and Methods: Partially edentulous patients presenting for removable denture treatment at the Prosthodontics Service in the Hospital Affiliated to Kinshasa University (Democratic Republic of Congo) were assessed for enrolment in this study. After applying exclusion criteria, 378 patients were included in the study, and randomly assigned into 2 groups. Oral health related quality of life (OHIP-23) and mastication time (MaT), number of chewing cycles (MaC), mastication frequency (MaF), and the sizes of the peanut fragments (FraS) were compared in both groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The average MaC, MaT, MaF, and FraS were 119 (± SD 53.70), 86.75 (±SD 35.35), 1.38 (±SD 0.25), and 3.3 (±SD 3.25) for the denture group and 77.9 (±SD 23.9), 60.2 (±SD 17.91), 1.29 (±SD 0.15), and 1.5 (±SD 0.7) for the non-denture group, respectively. Conclusion: The overall oral health related quality of life was best in the non-denture than denture.展开更多
The association between adipokines and inflammatory periodontal diseases has been studied over the last two decades. This review was intended to explore the observation that periodontal therapy may lead to an improvem...The association between adipokines and inflammatory periodontal diseases has been studied over the last two decades. This review was intended to explore the observation that periodontal therapy may lead to an improvement of adipokines in diabetic patients. In summary, substantial evidence suggests that diabetes is associated with increased prevalence, extent and severity of periodontitis. Numerous mechanisms have been elucidated to explain the impact of diabetes on the periodontium. However, current knowledge concerning the role of major adipokines indicates only some of their associations with the pathogenesis of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes. Conversely, treatment of periodontal disease and reduction of oral inflammation may have positive effects on the diabetic condition, although evidence for this remains somewhat equivocal.展开更多
Ti-Mo alloys/composites are expected to be the next-generation implant material with low moduli but without toxic/allergic elements.However,synthesis mechanisms of the Ti-Mo biomaterials in Selective Laser Melting(SLM...Ti-Mo alloys/composites are expected to be the next-generation implant material with low moduli but without toxic/allergic elements.However,synthesis mechanisms of the Ti-Mo biomaterials in Selective Laser Melting(SLM)vary according to raw materials and fundamentally influence material performance,due to inhomogeneous chemical compositions and stability.Therefore,this work provides a comparative study on microstructure,mechanical and wear performance,and underlying thermal mechanisms of two promising Ti-Mo biomaterials prepared by SLM but through different synthesis mechanisms to offer scientific understanding for creation of ideal metal implants.They are(i)Ti-7.5 Mo alloys,prepared from a conventional Ti/Mo powder mixture,and(ii)Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites,in-situ prepared from Ti/Mo_(2)C powder mixture.Results reveal that the in-situ Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites made from Ti/Mo_(2)C powder mixture by SLM can produce 61.4%moreβphase and extra Ti C precipitates(diameter below 229.6 nm)than the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys.The fine Ti C not only contributes to thinner and shorterβcolumnar grains under a large temperature gradient of 51.2 K/μm but also benefits material performance.The in-situ Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites produce higher yield strength(980.1±29.8 MPa)and ultimate compressive strength(1561.4±39 MPa)than the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys,increasing by up to 12.1%.However,the fine Ti C with an aspect ratio of 2.71 dominates an unfavourable rise of elastic modulus to 91.9±2 GPa,44.7%higher than the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys,which,nevertheless,is still lower than the modulus of traditional Ti-6 Al-4 V.While,Ti C and its homogeneous distribution benefit wear resistance,decreasing the wear rate of the in-situ Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites to 6.98×10^(-4)mm^3 N^(-1)m^(-1),which is 36%lower than that of the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys.Therefore,although with higher modulus than the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys,the SLM-fabricated in-situ Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites can expect to provide good biomedical application potential in cases where combined good strength and wear resistance are required.展开更多
Chronic graft-vs-host disease(c GVHD) is the leading cause of long-term morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It presents as a chronic inflammatory and sclerotic autoimm...Chronic graft-vs-host disease(c GVHD) is the leading cause of long-term morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It presents as a chronic inflammatory and sclerotic autoimmune-like condition that most frequently affects the skin, oral mucosa, liver, eyes and gastrointestinal tract. Both clinical and animal studies have shown that multiple T cell subsets including Th1, Th2, Th17, T follicular helper cells and regulatory T-cells play some role in cG VHD development and progression; B cells also play an important role in the disease including the production of antibodies to HY and nuclear antigens that can cause serious tissue damage. An array of cytokines and chemokines produced by different types of immune cells also mediate tissue inflammation and damage of cG VHD target tissues such as the skin and oral cavity. Many of these same immune regulators have been studied as candidate cG VHD biomarkers. Recent studies suggest that some of these biomarkers may be useful for determining disease prognosis and planning long-term clinical followup of cG VHD patients.展开更多
This study used in vivo microdialysis to examine the effects of intragingival application of lipopolysaccharide（LPS） derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis（Pg-LPS） on gingival tumour necrosis factor（TNF）-a and in...This study used in vivo microdialysis to examine the effects of intragingival application of lipopolysaccharide（LPS） derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis（Pg-LPS） on gingival tumour necrosis factor（TNF）-a and interleukin（IL）-6 levels in rats. A microdialysis probe with an injection needle attached to the surface of the dialysis membrane was implanted into the gingiva of the upper incisor. For comparison, the effects of LPS derived from Escherichia coli（Ec-LPS） on IL-6 and TNF-a levels were also analysed. Pg-LPS（1 mg/1 m L） or Ec-LPS（1 or 6 mg/1 m L） was applied by microsyringe, with gingival dialysates collected every hour. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） revealed that gingival dialysates contained approximately 389 pg？m L21 of IL-6 basally; basal TNF-a levels were lower than the detection limit of the ELISA. Pg-LPS failed to alter IL-6 levels but markedly increased TNF-a levels, which remained elevated for 2 h after treatment. Neither IL-6 nor TNF-a were affected by Ec-LPS. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） analysis revealed that the gingiva expresses Toll-like receptor（TLR） 2 and TLR4 m RNA. Immunohistochemical examination showed that TLR2 and TLR4 are expressed by gingival epithelial cells. The present study provides in vivo evidence that locally applied Pg-LPS, but not Ec-LPS, into the gingiva transiently increases gingival TNF-a without affecting IL-6. The present results suggest that TLR2 but not TLR4 expressed on gingival epithelial cells may mediate the Pg-LPS-induced increase in gingival TNF-a in rats.展开更多
Recently, the incidence of<span> </span><i><span>Candida</span></i><span> infections has substantially increased. Conventional identification methods for </span><...Recently, the incidence of<span> </span><i><span>Candida</span></i><span> infections has substantially increased. Conventional identification methods for </span><i><span>Candida</span></i><span> species are technically difficult to conduct and cannot accurately distinguish each species. The purpose of the present study was to design primers to identify and detect simultaneously</span><span> </span><span>eight medically important </span><i><span>Candida</span></i><span> species using one-step multiplex PCR. PCR primers were designed based on partial sequences of intergenic spacer (IGS) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes of eight medically important </span><i><span>Candida</span></i><span> species. These primers were able to distinguish each </span><i><span>Candida</span></i><span> species and did not display cross-reactivity with representative </span><i><span>Candida </span></i><span>species other than the eight</span><i><span> Candida</span></i><span> species. Moreover, our developed one-step multiplex PCR method is accurate, specific, cost-effective, time-saving, and worked without requiring DNA extraction.</span>展开更多
The objective of this study is to examine the effect of low-magnitude, high-frequency(LMHF) loading, and anti-osteoporosis medications such as parathyroid hormone(PTH) and bisphosphonates on peri-implant bone healing ...The objective of this study is to examine the effect of low-magnitude, high-frequency(LMHF) loading, and anti-osteoporosis medications such as parathyroid hormone(PTH) and bisphosphonates on peri-implant bone healing in an osteoporosis model, and to assess their combined effects on these processes. Thirteen-week-old ovariectomized rats(n = 44) were divided into three groups:PTH, alendronate, and saline. After 3 weeks of drug administration, titanium implants were inserted into the tibiae. Each group was subdivided into two groups: with or without LMHF loading via whole-body vibration(50 Hz at 0.5 g, 15 min per day, 5 days per week). Rats were killed 4 weeks following implantation. Removal torque test, micro-CT analyses(relative gray(RG) value, water = 0,and implant = 100), and histomorphometric analyses(bone-to-implant contact(BIC) and peri-implant bone formation(bone volume/tissue volume(BV/TV))) were performed. Removal torque values and BIC were significantly differed by loading and drug administration(ANOVA). Post hoc analysis showed that PTH-treated groups were significantly higher than the other drug-treated groups. BV/TV was significantly enhanced by PTH administration. In cortical bone, RG values were significantly increased by loading.In trabecular bone, however, RG values were significantly increased by PTH administration. These findings suggest that LMHF loading and PTH can act locally and additively on the bone healing process, improving the condition of implant osseointegration.展开更多
Tooth replacement is a common trait to most vertebrates, including mammals. Mammals, however, have lost the capacity for continuous tooth renewal seen in most other vertebrates, and typically have only 1-2 generations...Tooth replacement is a common trait to most vertebrates, including mammals. Mammals, however, have lost the capacity for continuous tooth renewal seen in most other vertebrates, and typically have only 1-2 generations of teeth. Here, we review the mechanisms of tooth replacement in reptiles and mammals, and discuss in detail the current and historical theories on control of timing and pattern of tooth replacement and development.展开更多
Purpose: To investigate the effect of silver ionised water on acid production in plaque. Methods: After injecting 0.5 mL of silver ionised water (concentration: 5 ppm) produced with the sintering coating method in the...Purpose: To investigate the effect of silver ionised water on acid production in plaque. Methods: After injecting 0.5 mL of silver ionised water (concentration: 5 ppm) produced with the sintering coating method in the sensor part of the pH metre, plaque collected from the oral cavity by one platinum loop was mixed in. Immediately after that, a 5% sucrose solution (1 g/20 mL) was added and the pH was continuously measured for 30 minutes at 1-minute intervals (A). Similarly, silver ionised water was mixed with 5% sucrose solution in the same way as in (A) at 3 (B), 5 (C), 10 (D) and 15 minutes (E) after plaque contamination. The pH was measured at 1-minute intervals. The pH of the purified water containing no silver ionised water mixed with plaque and sugar solution at the same time was measured and used as a control. Each experiment was conducted three times, and the pH measured every minute was compared as a percentage of the pH at the beginning of the measurement (100%). Results: Analysis of variance of the repeated measurements to determine the effect of silver ionised water on the decrease in pH revealed a main effect of silver ionised water and an interaction between time and group [F<sub>(1.302,20.826)</sub> = 39.145, p < 0.01]. Multiple comparisons using Dunnett’s method showed a significant decline in the rate of decrease in pH from B to E as compared with that in the control (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Silver ionised water was found to inhibit the acid production in plaque.展开更多
Objective: The enhancement of multiple functions, including osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and cell recruitment, is required for efficient bone regeneration therapy. Recently, special attention has been focused on the mi...Objective: The enhancement of multiple functions, including osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and cell recruitment, is required for efficient bone regeneration therapy. Recently, special attention has been focused on the microenvironment of stem cells to facilitate bone regeneration. Herein, we examined the effects of various combinations of hypoxic conditions and osteogenic induction on rat mesenchymal cells, to develop a specific protocol for enhancing the multiple cellular functions beneficial to bone regeneration. Methods: Rat mesenchymal cells, isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and periodontal ligament, were examined. The cells were cultured under varied conditions of O2 tension (hypoxia) and duration and timing of hypoxic exposure, with or without osteogenic induction. Consequently, four different protocols were examined by measuring the gene expression levels of Runx2, Vegfa, and Cxcl12, indicating a capability for osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and cell recruitment, respectively. Finally, the mineralization ability of the rat mesenchymal cells was assessed by quantitating their calcified nodule formation. Results: The simultaneous application of hypoxic exposure and osteogenic induction promoted Vegfa expression in all types of cells, but suppressed Runx2. In contrast, hypoxic preconditioning, followed by osteogenic induction, did not increase the expression of these genes;in fact, Vegfa expression decreased significantly. Among the various protocols, 0.5% O2 exposure for 12 h after osteogenic induction exhibited the largest fold changes of gene expression level, especially of Vegfa. Hypoxic post-conditioning enhanced the formation of calcified nodules in periodontal ligament-derived cells. Conclusion: Short-term hypoxic exposure after osteogenic induction could be used to improve the efficiency of mesenchymal cells for bone regeneration.展开更多
Purpose: Umami reportedly promotes salivation. We aimed to investigate the effects of taste stimuli on slow and fast salivary secretion in humans using umami, sweet, and sour stimuli. Methods: Eight healthy women part...Purpose: Umami reportedly promotes salivation. We aimed to investigate the effects of taste stimuli on slow and fast salivary secretion in humans using umami, sweet, and sour stimuli. Methods: Eight healthy women participated between 14:00 and 15:00, taking the circadian rhythm of salivary secretion into account. The types and concentrations of the taste solutions were glutamic acid (1.7 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M), inosinic acid (9.8 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M), and guanylic acid (9.8 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M) for umami stimulation, citric acid (6.5 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M) for acidity stimulation, and sucrose (1.6 × 10<sup>−2</sup> M) for sweetness stimulation. First, the unstimulated salivary flow rate was measured. Then, 3 ml of a flavor solution was dropped under the tongue using a syringe. The saliva was expelled into an aluminum cup every minute and weighed. The first minute’s value minus 3 ml flavor solution was the stimulated salivary secretion rate produced by each flavor. The time-to-return to the initial unstimulated salivary flow rate was the duration of the stimulated saliva secretion rate. Results: The mean unstimulated salivary flow rate across participants was 0.64 ± 0.25 ml/min (range: 0.23 - 1.03 ml/min). The highest amount of saliva was induced by citric acid. There were significant differences between citric acid and the other flavor solutions (p < 0.05 for glutamic acid, inosinic acid, and sucrose;p < 0.01 for guanylic acid). There were no significant differences in duration of salivation between the flavor solutions. When the participants were divided into slow (0.45 ± 0.16 ml/min) and fast groups (0.83 ± 0.15 ml/min) based on their median resting salivary secretion rate, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the amount of saliva secreted at 1 minute after stimulation and the duration of the salivary secretion rate. Conclusion: Umami stimulation was effective in slowing salivary secretion and sustaining salivary secretion after stimulation.展开更多
Toothache is almost always caused by odontogenic toothache, but diagnosis is more difficult in the case of nonodontogenic toothache.</span><span style="font-size:12px;"> </span><spa...Toothache is almost always caused by odontogenic toothache, but diagnosis is more difficult in the case of nonodontogenic toothache.</span><span style="font-size:12px;"> </span><span><span style="font-size:12px;">We report a case of simultaneous occurrence of odontogenic and nonodontogenic toothache.</span><span> </span><span style="font-size:12px;">This manuscript presents a case report for a 35-year-old woman </span></span><span style="font-size:12px;">who</span><span style="color:#FF0000;font-size:12px;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;">visited our Orofacial and Head Pain Clinic with the chief complaint of continuous dull pain in left maxillary molar teeth region. It was concluded to be a case of simultaneous odontogenic toothache and nonodontogenic toothache. It was successfully treated by an endodontist and an orofacial pain specialist. The endodontist performed root canal treatment against odontogenic toothache caused by apical periodontitis using a dental operating microscope. The presence of a trigger point (TP) resulting in tooth pain was inferred. A trigger point injection (TPI) was administered by orofacial pain specialist, and toothache relief was confirmed. Myofascial pain was diagnosed definitively. After confirming that the toothache had resolved at multiple TPIs, a crown prosthesis was placed. Following the application of crown prosthesis, we were concerned but did not find recurrence of toothache from myofascial pain due to increased occlusal force. This case suggests that there is no single cause of chronic pain and that multiple causes must be considered for diagnosis, suggesting the need for treatment by multiple specialists.展开更多
The objectives of this study are to present a new concept of the bone anchorage using long implants in remote bone sites and to discuss four cases treated with this method. Our patients were treated with long implants...The objectives of this study are to present a new concept of the bone anchorage using long implants in remote bone sites and to discuss four cases treated with this method. Our patients were treated with long implants with a distant anchorage in the skull bone. The planning procedure, the construction of the drill guide, and the surgical protocol are described. In the clinical cases described, all four patients were rehabilitated with the remote bone anchorage concept using long implants anchored in the skull base. Patients were followed for 5-12 years and the implants remained present and stable in these time periods. The skull base implant is a new concept of bone anchorage using long implants. It can be a solution for complicated clinical situations (often failed bone reconstructions and implant placements) or an alternative for bone grafting and maxillary augmentation procedures. There is effective implant retention in the skull base, an anatomical area that is often overlooked for implant placement.展开更多
Objective: The goal of the removable partial denture is to restore impaired esthetics and masticatory function by replacing missing teeth. The aim of this study was to establish a possible correla-tion between removab...Objective: The goal of the removable partial denture is to restore impaired esthetics and masticatory function by replacing missing teeth. The aim of this study was to establish a possible correla-tion between removable partial denture in acrylic resin use after 5 years and dental diseases. Materials and Methods: Partially edentulous patients presenting for removable denture treatment at the Prosthodontics service of the Affiliated Hospital of Kinshasa University, Democratic Republic of Congo were assessed in this study. Patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Denture and non-denture group. Caries and periodontal diseases were compared between both groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The average age in the denture and non-denture-group was 53.15 (±SD 22.05) and 31.59 (±SD 11.98) years. Out of 160 teeth were decayed, both 110 teeth (68.75%) in the denture-group and 50 teeth (31.25%) in the non-denture group. The DMFT index calculated at start time of the study was 0.2 for both groups, after five years was 7.1 for the denture-group and 2.6 for the non-denture-group. The plaque index in the denture-group had an index of 1 and that of non-denture-group was 0.5. Conclusion: The relationship has been found between patients’ wearers a RPD and dental diseases.展开更多
Ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia(Ce-TZP)has become an interesting alternative for the widely used yttria-stabilized zirconia(Y-TZP),whereas efforts are needed to control its microstructure in order to im-prove the...Ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia(Ce-TZP)has become an interesting alternative for the widely used yttria-stabilized zirconia(Y-TZP),whereas efforts are needed to control its microstructure in order to im-prove the strength of Ce-TZP ceramics.In this work,CaO was used to co-dope Ce-TZP ceramics.More specifically,0.2-2.0 mol%Ca(NO_(3))_(3)·4H_(2)O precursor-based CaO was used to dope 10 mol%ceria-stabilized zirconia.Sintering was performed at 1300,1350,or 1400℃,which is lower than the temperatures commonly applied for zirconia ceramics.The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated and correlated,revealing that 0.2 mol%CaO-doped CeO_(2)-stabilised zirconia sintered at 1350℃ exhibited a fully dense fine-grained tetragonal ZrO_(2) microstructure with high toughness(10.4 MPa m1/2)and biax-ial bending strength(1210±43 MPa),and a narrow strength distribution(weibull modulus of 32.5).1.5 and 2.0 mol% CaO-doping resulted in excellent biaxial bending strength but wider strength distribution and lower fracture resistance.The homogeneously distributed Ca(NO_(3))_(3)·4H_(2)O precursor prevented cubic zirconia-phase formation for CaO-doping up to 2.0 mol%.CaO-doped(≥0.2 mol%)10Ce-TZP sintered at 1350℃ also highly resisted hydrothermal degradation.Furthermore,CaO-doping enabled to make Ce-TZP ceramics as translucent as different commercially available 3Y-TZP ceramics,opening possibilities to use Ce-TZP for dental restorations.展开更多
The persistence of bacteria in the root canal system is the primary cause of recurrent apical periodontitis.The adaptability of residual bacteria to changing environmental conditions is a key survival strategy of biof...The persistence of bacteria in the root canal system is the primary cause of recurrent apical periodontitis.The adaptability of residual bacteria to changing environmental conditions is a key survival strategy of biofilms,often leading to endodontic treatment failure.DJK-5 is a protease-resistant,broad-spectrum D-enantiomeric peptide that degrades or prevents the accumulation of guanosine penta-and tetraphosphates,which are important for biofilm formation.We evaluated the effects of primary antimicrobial agents and nutrient conditions on the re-covery,metabolism,diversity,and composition of oral biofilms,and investigated how these factors affect the efficacy of DJK-5 and chlorhexidine(CHX)during re-exposure.Primary irrigants and nutrient conditions significantly influenced biofilm recovery,metabolic activity,diversity,and composition.Biofilm recovery was slower in nutrient-poor groups compared to nutrient-rich ones,and nutrient availability had the greatest effect on shaping both the diversity and composition of the biofilms.Water and DJK-5 groups showed similar biofilm diversity trends,while CHX generally led to lower diversity.Results indicate that primary irrigants and nutrient conditions significantly impact biofilm composition,diversity,and recovery.However,these changes did not compromise DJK-5’s effectiveness in killing of biofilm microbes during re-exposure of recovered biofilms.展开更多
The demand for biomaterials that promote the repair,replacement,or restoration of hard and soft tissues continues to grow as the population ages.Traditionally,smart biomaterials have been thought as those that respond...The demand for biomaterials that promote the repair,replacement,or restoration of hard and soft tissues continues to grow as the population ages.Traditionally,smart biomaterials have been thought as those that respond to stimuli.However,the continuous evolution of the field warrants a fresh look at the concept of smartness of biomaterials.This review presents a redefinition of the term“Smart Biomaterial”and discusses recent advances in and applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissue restoration and regeneration.To clarify the use of the term“smart biomaterials”,we propose four degrees of smartness according to the level of interaction of the biomaterials with the bio-environment and the biological/cellular responses they elicit,defining these materials as inert,active,responsive,and autonomous.Then,we present an up-to-date survey of applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissues,based on the materials’responses(external and internal stimuli)and their use as immune-modulatory biomaterials.Finally,we discuss the limitations and obstacles to the translation from basic research(bench)to clinical utilization that is required for the development of clinically relevant applications of these technologies.展开更多
AIM To investigate awareness and attitudes about preventive dental visits among dialysis patients;to clarify thebarriers to visiting the dentist.METHODS Subjects included 141 dentate outpatients receiving hemodialysis...AIM To investigate awareness and attitudes about preventive dental visits among dialysis patients;to clarify thebarriers to visiting the dentist.METHODS Subjects included 141 dentate outpatients receiving hemodialysis treatment at two facilities,one with a dental department and the other without a dental department.We used a structured questionnaire to interview participants about their awareness of oral health management issues for dialysis patients,perceived oral symptoms and attitudes about dental visits.Bivariate analysis using theχ2 test was conducted to determine associations between study variables and regular dental check-ups.Binominal logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with regular dental checkups.RESULTS There were no significant differences in patient demographics between the two participating facilities,including attitudes about dental visits.Therefore,we included all patients in the following analyses.Few patients(4.3%)had been referred to a dentist by a medical doctor or nurse.Although 80.9%of subjects had a primary dentist,only 34.0%of subjects received regular dental check-ups.The most common reasons cited for not seeking dental care were that visits are burdensome and a lack of perceived need.Patients with gum swelling or bleeding were much more likely to be in the group of those not receiving routine dental check-ups(χ2 test,P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that receiving dental check-ups was associated with awareness that oral health management is more important for dialysis patients than for others and with having a primary dentist(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Dialysis patients should be educated about the importance of preventive dental care.Medical providers are expected to participate in promoting dental visits among dialysis patients.展开更多
文摘Japan’s aging rate (ratio of elderly aged 65 and older to total population) has exceeded 20%. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between Health Related Quality of Life, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sleep quality. Subjects were 51 adults over 55 years old with chronic disease who living in the community. Instruments and structured interviews were used giving due consideration to privacy. Interviews were conducted within 10 - 20 minutes at the out-patient department. The evaluation instruments included bodymass index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). A significant positive correlation (ρ = 0.321, p < 0.05) between PSQI and QOL (OHIP-14) scores was confirmed with sleep quality being lower with lower QOL scores. A negative correlation (ρ = ?0.339, p < 0.05) between physical health component summary scores (PCS) and mental health component summary scores (MCS) of HRQOL was confirmed, demonstrating that PCS was low, and the level of MCS was high. Sleep quality was found lower among those with lower oral health-related QOL scores. Moreover, in subjects with lower MCS scores, the PCS scores were found to be higher. Accordingly, it was considered appropriate that dental treatment and care, support the maintenance of activities and sleep, and mental health promotion which are likely requisites critical for elderly persons’ maintenance of independent lifestyles in their familiar community.
文摘Introduction: Oral health management is often difficult in patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy due to defects, bulky flaps, limitation of tongue movement, and trismus. In addition, patients who have undergone radiotherapy have serious disabilities such as oral mucositis, mucosal weakening, soft tissue fibrosis, salivary gland disorder, and osteoradionecrosis. Dental hygienists must understand the characteristics of patients after surgical tumor resection and/or radiotherapy. In this report, the oral health management of three patients after maxillectomy, mandibulectomy, and radiotherapy was shown. Case Description: Case 1: A 53-year-old male patient visited our clinic after chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and partial maxillectomy for cancer of the right maxillary gingiva. Case 2: A 65-year-old male patient visited our clinic after radiotherapy for a right-sided tongue cancer, partial mandibulectomy of the right tongue to the oropharynx, a right-sided segmental mandibulectomy and a speech aid and a mandibular prosthesis were provided. Case 3: A 36-year-old female visited our clinic for radiotherapy for left-sided tongue cancer. Dental hygienists provided oral health management to the patients. In oral health management, it was suggested that intervention before cancer treatment, oral hygiene instructions tailored to patients’ symptoms, and frequent professional care are important. Conclusion: Oral health management by dental hygienists is extremely important for patients undergoing maxillofacial cancer treatment to maintain their quality of life in the long term.
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate whether partial removable denture use indeed leads to improved oral health related quality of life and masticatory function. Materials and Methods: Partially edentulous patients presenting for removable denture treatment at the Prosthodontics Service in the Hospital Affiliated to Kinshasa University (Democratic Republic of Congo) were assessed for enrolment in this study. After applying exclusion criteria, 378 patients were included in the study, and randomly assigned into 2 groups. Oral health related quality of life (OHIP-23) and mastication time (MaT), number of chewing cycles (MaC), mastication frequency (MaF), and the sizes of the peanut fragments (FraS) were compared in both groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The average MaC, MaT, MaF, and FraS were 119 (± SD 53.70), 86.75 (±SD 35.35), 1.38 (±SD 0.25), and 3.3 (±SD 3.25) for the denture group and 77.9 (±SD 23.9), 60.2 (±SD 17.91), 1.29 (±SD 0.15), and 1.5 (±SD 0.7) for the non-denture group, respectively. Conclusion: The overall oral health related quality of life was best in the non-denture than denture.
文摘The association between adipokines and inflammatory periodontal diseases has been studied over the last two decades. This review was intended to explore the observation that periodontal therapy may lead to an improvement of adipokines in diabetic patients. In summary, substantial evidence suggests that diabetes is associated with increased prevalence, extent and severity of periodontitis. Numerous mechanisms have been elucidated to explain the impact of diabetes on the periodontium. However, current knowledge concerning the role of major adipokines indicates only some of their associations with the pathogenesis of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes. Conversely, treatment of periodontal disease and reduction of oral inflammation may have positive effects on the diabetic condition, although evidence for this remains somewhat equivocal.
基金the financial support from the China Scholarship Council(No.201806830109)。
文摘Ti-Mo alloys/composites are expected to be the next-generation implant material with low moduli but without toxic/allergic elements.However,synthesis mechanisms of the Ti-Mo biomaterials in Selective Laser Melting(SLM)vary according to raw materials and fundamentally influence material performance,due to inhomogeneous chemical compositions and stability.Therefore,this work provides a comparative study on microstructure,mechanical and wear performance,and underlying thermal mechanisms of two promising Ti-Mo biomaterials prepared by SLM but through different synthesis mechanisms to offer scientific understanding for creation of ideal metal implants.They are(i)Ti-7.5 Mo alloys,prepared from a conventional Ti/Mo powder mixture,and(ii)Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites,in-situ prepared from Ti/Mo_(2)C powder mixture.Results reveal that the in-situ Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites made from Ti/Mo_(2)C powder mixture by SLM can produce 61.4%moreβphase and extra Ti C precipitates(diameter below 229.6 nm)than the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys.The fine Ti C not only contributes to thinner and shorterβcolumnar grains under a large temperature gradient of 51.2 K/μm but also benefits material performance.The in-situ Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites produce higher yield strength(980.1±29.8 MPa)and ultimate compressive strength(1561.4±39 MPa)than the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys,increasing by up to 12.1%.However,the fine Ti C with an aspect ratio of 2.71 dominates an unfavourable rise of elastic modulus to 91.9±2 GPa,44.7%higher than the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys,which,nevertheless,is still lower than the modulus of traditional Ti-6 Al-4 V.While,Ti C and its homogeneous distribution benefit wear resistance,decreasing the wear rate of the in-situ Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites to 6.98×10^(-4)mm^3 N^(-1)m^(-1),which is 36%lower than that of the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys.Therefore,although with higher modulus than the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys,the SLM-fabricated in-situ Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites can expect to provide good biomedical application potential in cases where combined good strength and wear resistance are required.
文摘Chronic graft-vs-host disease(c GVHD) is the leading cause of long-term morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It presents as a chronic inflammatory and sclerotic autoimmune-like condition that most frequently affects the skin, oral mucosa, liver, eyes and gastrointestinal tract. Both clinical and animal studies have shown that multiple T cell subsets including Th1, Th2, Th17, T follicular helper cells and regulatory T-cells play some role in cG VHD development and progression; B cells also play an important role in the disease including the production of antibodies to HY and nuclear antigens that can cause serious tissue damage. An array of cytokines and chemokines produced by different types of immune cells also mediate tissue inflammation and damage of cG VHD target tissues such as the skin and oral cavity. Many of these same immune regulators have been studied as candidate cG VHD biomarkers. Recent studies suggest that some of these biomarkers may be useful for determining disease prognosis and planning long-term clinical followup of cG VHD patients.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (#25463100 to Tadashi Saigusa)a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (#25861763 to Yuri Aono) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan+4 种基金a grant for the Promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation for Private Schools of Japan (Hiroko Taguchi, Takayuki Kawato, Masatake Asano, Noriyoshi Shimizu, Tadashi Saigusa)a Nihon University Multidisciplinary Research Grant for 2014–2015 (Yuri Aono, Tadashi Saigusa)research grants from the Sato Fund (Takayuki Kawato, Masatake Asano, Noriyoshi Shimizu, Tadashi Saigusa)the Uemura Fund (Noriyoshi Shimizu, Tadashi Saigusa)the Dental Research Centre (Takayuki Kawato, Masatake Asano, Noriyoshi Shimizu, Tadashi Saigusa) of the Nihon University School of Dentistry
文摘This study used in vivo microdialysis to examine the effects of intragingival application of lipopolysaccharide（LPS） derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis（Pg-LPS） on gingival tumour necrosis factor（TNF）-a and interleukin（IL）-6 levels in rats. A microdialysis probe with an injection needle attached to the surface of the dialysis membrane was implanted into the gingiva of the upper incisor. For comparison, the effects of LPS derived from Escherichia coli（Ec-LPS） on IL-6 and TNF-a levels were also analysed. Pg-LPS（1 mg/1 m L） or Ec-LPS（1 or 6 mg/1 m L） was applied by microsyringe, with gingival dialysates collected every hour. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） revealed that gingival dialysates contained approximately 389 pg？m L21 of IL-6 basally; basal TNF-a levels were lower than the detection limit of the ELISA. Pg-LPS failed to alter IL-6 levels but markedly increased TNF-a levels, which remained elevated for 2 h after treatment. Neither IL-6 nor TNF-a were affected by Ec-LPS. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） analysis revealed that the gingiva expresses Toll-like receptor（TLR） 2 and TLR4 m RNA. Immunohistochemical examination showed that TLR2 and TLR4 are expressed by gingival epithelial cells. The present study provides in vivo evidence that locally applied Pg-LPS, but not Ec-LPS, into the gingiva transiently increases gingival TNF-a without affecting IL-6. The present results suggest that TLR2 but not TLR4 expressed on gingival epithelial cells may mediate the Pg-LPS-induced increase in gingival TNF-a in rats.
文摘Recently, the incidence of<span> </span><i><span>Candida</span></i><span> infections has substantially increased. Conventional identification methods for </span><i><span>Candida</span></i><span> species are technically difficult to conduct and cannot accurately distinguish each species. The purpose of the present study was to design primers to identify and detect simultaneously</span><span> </span><span>eight medically important </span><i><span>Candida</span></i><span> species using one-step multiplex PCR. PCR primers were designed based on partial sequences of intergenic spacer (IGS) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes of eight medically important </span><i><span>Candida</span></i><span> species. These primers were able to distinguish each </span><i><span>Candida</span></i><span> species and did not display cross-reactivity with representative </span><i><span>Candida </span></i><span>species other than the eight</span><i><span> Candida</span></i><span> species. Moreover, our developed one-step multiplex PCR method is accurate, specific, cost-effective, time-saving, and worked without requiring DNA extraction.</span>
基金partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (15K11147)a Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research (26670830)a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (26861620) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
文摘The objective of this study is to examine the effect of low-magnitude, high-frequency(LMHF) loading, and anti-osteoporosis medications such as parathyroid hormone(PTH) and bisphosphonates on peri-implant bone healing in an osteoporosis model, and to assess their combined effects on these processes. Thirteen-week-old ovariectomized rats(n = 44) were divided into three groups:PTH, alendronate, and saline. After 3 weeks of drug administration, titanium implants were inserted into the tibiae. Each group was subdivided into two groups: with or without LMHF loading via whole-body vibration(50 Hz at 0.5 g, 15 min per day, 5 days per week). Rats were killed 4 weeks following implantation. Removal torque test, micro-CT analyses(relative gray(RG) value, water = 0,and implant = 100), and histomorphometric analyses(bone-to-implant contact(BIC) and peri-implant bone formation(bone volume/tissue volume(BV/TV))) were performed. Removal torque values and BIC were significantly differed by loading and drug administration(ANOVA). Post hoc analysis showed that PTH-treated groups were significantly higher than the other drug-treated groups. BV/TV was significantly enhanced by PTH administration. In cortical bone, RG values were significantly increased by loading.In trabecular bone, however, RG values were significantly increased by PTH administration. These findings suggest that LMHF loading and PTH can act locally and additively on the bone healing process, improving the condition of implant osseointegration.
基金funded by an NSERC grant to Joy M Richmansupported by Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University
文摘Tooth replacement is a common trait to most vertebrates, including mammals. Mammals, however, have lost the capacity for continuous tooth renewal seen in most other vertebrates, and typically have only 1-2 generations of teeth. Here, we review the mechanisms of tooth replacement in reptiles and mammals, and discuss in detail the current and historical theories on control of timing and pattern of tooth replacement and development.
文摘Purpose: To investigate the effect of silver ionised water on acid production in plaque. Methods: After injecting 0.5 mL of silver ionised water (concentration: 5 ppm) produced with the sintering coating method in the sensor part of the pH metre, plaque collected from the oral cavity by one platinum loop was mixed in. Immediately after that, a 5% sucrose solution (1 g/20 mL) was added and the pH was continuously measured for 30 minutes at 1-minute intervals (A). Similarly, silver ionised water was mixed with 5% sucrose solution in the same way as in (A) at 3 (B), 5 (C), 10 (D) and 15 minutes (E) after plaque contamination. The pH was measured at 1-minute intervals. The pH of the purified water containing no silver ionised water mixed with plaque and sugar solution at the same time was measured and used as a control. Each experiment was conducted three times, and the pH measured every minute was compared as a percentage of the pH at the beginning of the measurement (100%). Results: Analysis of variance of the repeated measurements to determine the effect of silver ionised water on the decrease in pH revealed a main effect of silver ionised water and an interaction between time and group [F<sub>(1.302,20.826)</sub> = 39.145, p < 0.01]. Multiple comparisons using Dunnett’s method showed a significant decline in the rate of decrease in pH from B to E as compared with that in the control (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Silver ionised water was found to inhibit the acid production in plaque.
文摘Objective: The enhancement of multiple functions, including osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and cell recruitment, is required for efficient bone regeneration therapy. Recently, special attention has been focused on the microenvironment of stem cells to facilitate bone regeneration. Herein, we examined the effects of various combinations of hypoxic conditions and osteogenic induction on rat mesenchymal cells, to develop a specific protocol for enhancing the multiple cellular functions beneficial to bone regeneration. Methods: Rat mesenchymal cells, isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and periodontal ligament, were examined. The cells were cultured under varied conditions of O2 tension (hypoxia) and duration and timing of hypoxic exposure, with or without osteogenic induction. Consequently, four different protocols were examined by measuring the gene expression levels of Runx2, Vegfa, and Cxcl12, indicating a capability for osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and cell recruitment, respectively. Finally, the mineralization ability of the rat mesenchymal cells was assessed by quantitating their calcified nodule formation. Results: The simultaneous application of hypoxic exposure and osteogenic induction promoted Vegfa expression in all types of cells, but suppressed Runx2. In contrast, hypoxic preconditioning, followed by osteogenic induction, did not increase the expression of these genes;in fact, Vegfa expression decreased significantly. Among the various protocols, 0.5% O2 exposure for 12 h after osteogenic induction exhibited the largest fold changes of gene expression level, especially of Vegfa. Hypoxic post-conditioning enhanced the formation of calcified nodules in periodontal ligament-derived cells. Conclusion: Short-term hypoxic exposure after osteogenic induction could be used to improve the efficiency of mesenchymal cells for bone regeneration.
文摘Purpose: Umami reportedly promotes salivation. We aimed to investigate the effects of taste stimuli on slow and fast salivary secretion in humans using umami, sweet, and sour stimuli. Methods: Eight healthy women participated between 14:00 and 15:00, taking the circadian rhythm of salivary secretion into account. The types and concentrations of the taste solutions were glutamic acid (1.7 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M), inosinic acid (9.8 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M), and guanylic acid (9.8 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M) for umami stimulation, citric acid (6.5 × 10<sup>−3</sup> M) for acidity stimulation, and sucrose (1.6 × 10<sup>−2</sup> M) for sweetness stimulation. First, the unstimulated salivary flow rate was measured. Then, 3 ml of a flavor solution was dropped under the tongue using a syringe. The saliva was expelled into an aluminum cup every minute and weighed. The first minute’s value minus 3 ml flavor solution was the stimulated salivary secretion rate produced by each flavor. The time-to-return to the initial unstimulated salivary flow rate was the duration of the stimulated saliva secretion rate. Results: The mean unstimulated salivary flow rate across participants was 0.64 ± 0.25 ml/min (range: 0.23 - 1.03 ml/min). The highest amount of saliva was induced by citric acid. There were significant differences between citric acid and the other flavor solutions (p < 0.05 for glutamic acid, inosinic acid, and sucrose;p < 0.01 for guanylic acid). There were no significant differences in duration of salivation between the flavor solutions. When the participants were divided into slow (0.45 ± 0.16 ml/min) and fast groups (0.83 ± 0.15 ml/min) based on their median resting salivary secretion rate, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the amount of saliva secreted at 1 minute after stimulation and the duration of the salivary secretion rate. Conclusion: Umami stimulation was effective in slowing salivary secretion and sustaining salivary secretion after stimulation.
文摘Toothache is almost always caused by odontogenic toothache, but diagnosis is more difficult in the case of nonodontogenic toothache.</span><span style="font-size:12px;"> </span><span><span style="font-size:12px;">We report a case of simultaneous occurrence of odontogenic and nonodontogenic toothache.</span><span> </span><span style="font-size:12px;">This manuscript presents a case report for a 35-year-old woman </span></span><span style="font-size:12px;">who</span><span style="color:#FF0000;font-size:12px;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;">visited our Orofacial and Head Pain Clinic with the chief complaint of continuous dull pain in left maxillary molar teeth region. It was concluded to be a case of simultaneous odontogenic toothache and nonodontogenic toothache. It was successfully treated by an endodontist and an orofacial pain specialist. The endodontist performed root canal treatment against odontogenic toothache caused by apical periodontitis using a dental operating microscope. The presence of a trigger point (TP) resulting in tooth pain was inferred. A trigger point injection (TPI) was administered by orofacial pain specialist, and toothache relief was confirmed. Myofascial pain was diagnosed definitively. After confirming that the toothache had resolved at multiple TPIs, a crown prosthesis was placed. Following the application of crown prosthesis, we were concerned but did not find recurrence of toothache from myofascial pain due to increased occlusal force. This case suggests that there is no single cause of chronic pain and that multiple causes must be considered for diagnosis, suggesting the need for treatment by multiple specialists.
文摘The objectives of this study are to present a new concept of the bone anchorage using long implants in remote bone sites and to discuss four cases treated with this method. Our patients were treated with long implants with a distant anchorage in the skull bone. The planning procedure, the construction of the drill guide, and the surgical protocol are described. In the clinical cases described, all four patients were rehabilitated with the remote bone anchorage concept using long implants anchored in the skull base. Patients were followed for 5-12 years and the implants remained present and stable in these time periods. The skull base implant is a new concept of bone anchorage using long implants. It can be a solution for complicated clinical situations (often failed bone reconstructions and implant placements) or an alternative for bone grafting and maxillary augmentation procedures. There is effective implant retention in the skull base, an anatomical area that is often overlooked for implant placement.
文摘Objective: The goal of the removable partial denture is to restore impaired esthetics and masticatory function by replacing missing teeth. The aim of this study was to establish a possible correla-tion between removable partial denture in acrylic resin use after 5 years and dental diseases. Materials and Methods: Partially edentulous patients presenting for removable denture treatment at the Prosthodontics service of the Affiliated Hospital of Kinshasa University, Democratic Republic of Congo were assessed in this study. Patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Denture and non-denture group. Caries and periodontal diseases were compared between both groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The average age in the denture and non-denture-group was 53.15 (±SD 22.05) and 31.59 (±SD 11.98) years. Out of 160 teeth were decayed, both 110 teeth (68.75%) in the denture-group and 50 teeth (31.25%) in the non-denture group. The DMFT index calculated at start time of the study was 0.2 for both groups, after five years was 7.1 for the denture-group and 2.6 for the non-denture-group. The plaque index in the denture-group had an index of 1 and that of non-denture-group was 0.5. Conclusion: The relationship has been found between patients’ wearers a RPD and dental diseases.
基金the China Scholarship Council(CSC No.201806460096)for financial supportthe Scientific Research-Flanders(FWO-Vlaanderen)for her post-doctoral fellowships(grant Nos.12S8418N and 12S8421N)supported by the Research Fund of KU Leuven project No.C2-17-00402 and the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders(FWO-Vlaanderen)(grant Nos.G.0431.10N and G.0959.20N).
文摘Ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia(Ce-TZP)has become an interesting alternative for the widely used yttria-stabilized zirconia(Y-TZP),whereas efforts are needed to control its microstructure in order to im-prove the strength of Ce-TZP ceramics.In this work,CaO was used to co-dope Ce-TZP ceramics.More specifically,0.2-2.0 mol%Ca(NO_(3))_(3)·4H_(2)O precursor-based CaO was used to dope 10 mol%ceria-stabilized zirconia.Sintering was performed at 1300,1350,or 1400℃,which is lower than the temperatures commonly applied for zirconia ceramics.The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated and correlated,revealing that 0.2 mol%CaO-doped CeO_(2)-stabilised zirconia sintered at 1350℃ exhibited a fully dense fine-grained tetragonal ZrO_(2) microstructure with high toughness(10.4 MPa m1/2)and biax-ial bending strength(1210±43 MPa),and a narrow strength distribution(weibull modulus of 32.5).1.5 and 2.0 mol% CaO-doping resulted in excellent biaxial bending strength but wider strength distribution and lower fracture resistance.The homogeneously distributed Ca(NO_(3))_(3)·4H_(2)O precursor prevented cubic zirconia-phase formation for CaO-doping up to 2.0 mol%.CaO-doped(≥0.2 mol%)10Ce-TZP sintered at 1350℃ also highly resisted hydrothermal degradation.Furthermore,CaO-doping enabled to make Ce-TZP ceramics as translucent as different commercially available 3Y-TZP ceramics,opening possibilities to use Ce-TZP for dental restorations.
文摘The persistence of bacteria in the root canal system is the primary cause of recurrent apical periodontitis.The adaptability of residual bacteria to changing environmental conditions is a key survival strategy of biofilms,often leading to endodontic treatment failure.DJK-5 is a protease-resistant,broad-spectrum D-enantiomeric peptide that degrades or prevents the accumulation of guanosine penta-and tetraphosphates,which are important for biofilm formation.We evaluated the effects of primary antimicrobial agents and nutrient conditions on the re-covery,metabolism,diversity,and composition of oral biofilms,and investigated how these factors affect the efficacy of DJK-5 and chlorhexidine(CHX)during re-exposure.Primary irrigants and nutrient conditions significantly influenced biofilm recovery,metabolic activity,diversity,and composition.Biofilm recovery was slower in nutrient-poor groups compared to nutrient-rich ones,and nutrient availability had the greatest effect on shaping both the diversity and composition of the biofilms.Water and DJK-5 groups showed similar biofilm diversity trends,while CHX generally led to lower diversity.Results indicate that primary irrigants and nutrient conditions significantly impact biofilm composition,diversity,and recovery.However,these changes did not compromise DJK-5’s effectiveness in killing of biofilm microbes during re-exposure of recovered biofilms.
基金support from a bridge grant from the Temple Office of the Vice President for Research(OVPR).
文摘The demand for biomaterials that promote the repair,replacement,or restoration of hard and soft tissues continues to grow as the population ages.Traditionally,smart biomaterials have been thought as those that respond to stimuli.However,the continuous evolution of the field warrants a fresh look at the concept of smartness of biomaterials.This review presents a redefinition of the term“Smart Biomaterial”and discusses recent advances in and applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissue restoration and regeneration.To clarify the use of the term“smart biomaterials”,we propose four degrees of smartness according to the level of interaction of the biomaterials with the bio-environment and the biological/cellular responses they elicit,defining these materials as inert,active,responsive,and autonomous.Then,we present an up-to-date survey of applications of smart biomaterials for hard tissues,based on the materials’responses(external and internal stimuli)and their use as immune-modulatory biomaterials.Finally,we discuss the limitations and obstacles to the translation from basic research(bench)to clinical utilization that is required for the development of clinically relevant applications of these technologies.
基金Supported by A Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(25463246)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
文摘AIM To investigate awareness and attitudes about preventive dental visits among dialysis patients;to clarify thebarriers to visiting the dentist.METHODS Subjects included 141 dentate outpatients receiving hemodialysis treatment at two facilities,one with a dental department and the other without a dental department.We used a structured questionnaire to interview participants about their awareness of oral health management issues for dialysis patients,perceived oral symptoms and attitudes about dental visits.Bivariate analysis using theχ2 test was conducted to determine associations between study variables and regular dental check-ups.Binominal logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with regular dental checkups.RESULTS There were no significant differences in patient demographics between the two participating facilities,including attitudes about dental visits.Therefore,we included all patients in the following analyses.Few patients(4.3%)had been referred to a dentist by a medical doctor or nurse.Although 80.9%of subjects had a primary dentist,only 34.0%of subjects received regular dental check-ups.The most common reasons cited for not seeking dental care were that visits are burdensome and a lack of perceived need.Patients with gum swelling or bleeding were much more likely to be in the group of those not receiving routine dental check-ups(χ2 test,P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that receiving dental check-ups was associated with awareness that oral health management is more important for dialysis patients than for others and with having a primary dentist(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Dialysis patients should be educated about the importance of preventive dental care.Medical providers are expected to participate in promoting dental visits among dialysis patients.
