County economies form a distinctive,integrated regional economic structure.Their growth is shaped by specific social and historical conditions and,in turn,influences many aspects of wider economic and social developme...County economies form a distinctive,integrated regional economic structure.Their growth is shaped by specific social and historical conditions and,in turn,influences many aspects of wider economic and social development.In China's modernization process,they have always played a vital role.The 2024 Central Economic Work Conference placed strong emphasis on vigorously developing county economies.展开更多
DRIVEN by the innovation-oriented overarching plan,Chinese society is vibrant and exhilarat-ing-a profusion of start-ups emerged,fledg-ing industries developed,and the industrial structure as well as quality and effic...DRIVEN by the innovation-oriented overarching plan,Chinese society is vibrant and exhilarat-ing-a profusion of start-ups emerged,fledg-ing industries developed,and the industrial structure as well as quality and efficiency improved.展开更多
As both a beneficiary of global supply chain integration and a contributor to the creation of a new supply chain ecosystem,China is of immense importance to the growth of international supply chains.For example,it’s ...As both a beneficiary of global supply chain integration and a contributor to the creation of a new supply chain ecosystem,China is of immense importance to the growth of international supply chains.For example,it’s manufacturing industry is indispensable across every stage of the global supply chain from raw material to intermediate goods production and the assembly of finished products.And with a large consumer base,China has been the place where global goods and services are consumed.展开更多
County economies form a distinctive,integrated regional economic structure.Their growth is shaped by specific social and historical conditions,and it influences many aspects of wider economic and social development.In...County economies form a distinctive,integrated regional economic structure.Their growth is shaped by specific social and historical conditions,and it influences many aspects of wider economic and social development.In China’s modernisation process,they have always played a vital role.The 2024 Central Economic Work Conference placed strong emphasis on vigorously developing county economies.展开更多
The 2025 Spring Festival consumer market showcases the vitality of China's economic growth,which is critical,given the uncertainties that continue to haunt the outside world.
1.Introduction 2020 is an unusual year in which the COVID-19 pandemic has raged through the globe,infecting tens of millions of people and killing hundreds of thousands.The pandemic has not only wreaked havoc on publi...1.Introduction 2020 is an unusual year in which the COVID-19 pandemic has raged through the globe,infecting tens of millions of people and killing hundreds of thousands.The pandemic has not only wreaked havoc on public health systems,economic activities,and people's lives,but also has greatly affected and will continue to reshape the world's political,economic,and trade patterns.展开更多
The highly anticipated Private Sector Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China officially came into effect on May 20,2025.As the nation's first fundamental law dedicated to private sector development,th...The highly anticipated Private Sector Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China officially came into effect on May 20,2025.As the nation's first fundamental law dedicated to private sector development,this law codifies the principles,policies,and effective practices regarding private sector development implemented by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the State Council since the launch of reform and opening up in 1978,and particularly since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012.Its enactment has sent a powerful message that the rule of law will help guarantee the development of the private sector.展开更多
According to an analysis of sampled data from the National Bureau of Statistics for 70,000 peasant households, agricultural labor productivity has been increasing at a faster rate than land productivity since 2003. La...According to an analysis of sampled data from the National Bureau of Statistics for 70,000 peasant households, agricultural labor productivity has been increasing at a faster rate than land productivity since 2003. Labor productivity has, in fact, experienced long-term stagnation, The data also reveals the heterogenization of small farmers, farm machinery replacing manual labor as an agricultural input, the expansion of the scale of land management, the development of the rural land leasing market and the diversification of the agricultural management entities. Review of the historical transformation of agriculture helps to recognize the declining importance of agricultural land, the direction of agricultural technological changes, the path and the disposition of the changes to the agricultural system, and the adjustment of China＇s rural policies.展开更多
Ecological degradation is a common problem around the world which has a profound impact on the sustainable development of mankind.This paper selects Lashihai basin as the study case,and uses Logistic stepwise regressi...Ecological degradation is a common problem around the world which has a profound impact on the sustainable development of mankind.This paper selects Lashihai basin as the study case,and uses Logistic stepwise regression to simulate the original ecology of the potential vegetation in the area as a reference system for the definition and analysis of the subsequent degree of ecological degradation and its distribution characteristics.The analysis yields four main results.(1)The strong human disturbance areas in the Lashihai region are concentrated in the Lashihai basin,and the main impact factors are roads,residential areas and cultivated lands.(2)Besides lake,there are eight potential vegetation types in Lashihai,among which evergreen coniferous forest is the dominant community,and the other seven planting types of potential vegetation include warm meadow,grass,beach grass,evergreen broad-leaved shrubbery,deciduous broad-leaved shrubbery,warm steppe and alpine grassland.(3)The elevation and average phosphorus content have significant effects on the distribution of potential vegetation,while the different vegetation types have differential sensitivities to environmental factors.(4)On the whole,the degree of ecological degradation in the basin is relatively light,in which the proportion of non-degraded areas accounts for nearly half,the area of mild degradation is about one-fourth,the moderately degraded area is concentrated in areas with strong human disturbance,accounting for only 18.64%,and the severe degradation is rare,occupying an area of only 3.17%.展开更多
It is an important component of national security,and also a required driver for coordinating development and security and building a new pattern of development to maintain the security and stability of and enhance th...It is an important component of national security,and also a required driver for coordinating development and security and building a new pattern of development to maintain the security and stability of and enhance the independent controllability of industrial and supply chains.According to the principles of taking enterprises as the mainstay,coordinating points and chains,combining advantages and disadvantages,adopting classified policies,and linking internal and external chains,the three industrial chains should be planned as a whole for the purpose of their coordinated and efficient operation,so as to solidly enhance,supplement,optimize,and consolidate industrial and supply chains,enhance support to the core links of industrial chains,exploit preponderant and advantageous links,accelerate the incubation of leading and hidden champion enterprises in the industrial ecology,promote the coordination between central and local governments,optimize the policy support system for the modernization of industrial chains,deepen international cooperation among industrial chains,expedite the construction of independent,controllable,safe,and efficient industrial and supply chains,and significantly improve the stability,international competitiveness,and modernization of China's industrial and supply chains.展开更多
Under a modernized economy,technological innovation capacity will be increased;institutions and mechanisms will burst with vitality;China’s governance system will be greatly modernized and capacity for governance wil...Under a modernized economy,technological innovation capacity will be increased;institutions and mechanisms will burst with vitality;China’s governance system will be greatly modernized and capacity for governance will be enhanced;productivity will be compatible with relations of production;people’s ever-growing needs for a better life will be fulfilled properly;and the factors,entities,domains,and models that meet the demands for China’s modernization will form an organic whole that is systematic,coordinated,advanced,open,and dynamic.As China’s biggest economic center,Shanghai has a sound foundation and should give full play to its comparative advantages and play a leading role in developing a modernized economy.展开更多
BRICS cooperation is praised as a typical model of emerging market economies and developing countries.With the joint efforts of Member States,BRICS cooperation has successfully passed through the first decade,and has ...BRICS cooperation is praised as a typical model of emerging market economies and developing countries.With the joint efforts of Member States,BRICS cooperation has successfully passed through the first decade,and has yielded fruitful results in politics,economy,humanity and many other fields.On the occasion of the start of cooperation in the second decade,the BRICS 5 members展开更多
As the world's biggest carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emitter and the largest developing country,China faces daunting challenges to peak its emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality within 40 years.This study fu...As the world's biggest carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emitter and the largest developing country,China faces daunting challenges to peak its emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality within 40 years.This study fully considered the carbon-neutrality goal and the temperature rise constraints required by the Paris Agreement,by developing six long-term development scenarios,and conducting a quantitative evaluation on the carbon emissions pathways,energy transformation,technology,policy and investment demand for each scenario.This study combined both bottom-up and top-down methodologies,including simulations and analyses of energy consumption of end-use and power sectors(bottom-up),as well as scenario analysis,investment demand and technology evaluation at the macro level(top-down).This study demonstrates that achieving carbon neutrality before 2060 translates to significant efforts and overwhelming challenges for China.To comply with the target,a high rate of an average annual reduction of CO_(2) emissions by 9.3%from 2030 to 2050 is a necessity,which requires a huge investment demand.For example,in the 1.5℃ scenario,an investment in energy infrastructure alone equivalent to 2.6%of that year's GDP will be necessary.The technological pathway towards carbon neutrality will rely highly on both conventional emission reduction technologies and breakthrough technologies.China needs to balance a long-term development strategy of lower greenhouse gas emissions that meets both the Paris Agreement and the long-term goals for domestic economic and social development,with a phased implementation for both its five-year and long-term plans.展开更多
International attention has focused recently on China’s notable improvement in its innovation capacity.Organizations such as the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)and the U.S.National Science Foundation(N...International attention has focused recently on China’s notable improvement in its innovation capacity.Organizations such as the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)and the U.S.National Science Foundation(NSF)have issued successive global in no vati on in dexes demonstrating that China is experiencing a growing momentum.展开更多
This study shows that,despite unprecedented econornic progress,major disparities in the wellbeing of older persons in China persist.These inc1ude disparities between the elderly in urban and rural areas,between the el...This study shows that,despite unprecedented econornic progress,major disparities in the wellbeing of older persons in China persist.These inc1ude disparities between the elderly in urban and rural areas,between the elderly in wealthier Eastern coastal regions and the poorer Western and Central regions,and between elderly men and women.These disparities exist largely because of differential life course experiences that tend to be magnified in old age due to their cumulative effects.Utilizing the"Active Ageing Framework",developed by the WHO Ageing and Life Course Programme,and core indicators of the Active Ageing Index of European Union countries,this report exarnines three areas in which there are disparities in the situations of different groups of older persons:health,security and participation.The study finds that older persons in rural areas are in a disadvantaged position in terms of access to healthcare services,and that women live longer but are less healthy than men in China.Older persons in Western and Central regions of China are in poorer health than those in the Eastern coastal region.Huge disparities also exist in the annual pension incomes received by different subgroups of older persons.Pension schemes are highly differentiated among subgroups of older persons.Gaps of community-based elderly care between urban and rural areas are remarkably pronounced.In terms of participation,the study finds that older persons in rural areas have a higher labour force participation rate,largely as a result of low pension income security.Elderly men participate more than elderly women in political activities.Older persons have more social participation opportunities in wealthier areas.The findings of this study contribute to an understanding of the situation of older persons in China and can be used as the basis for recommendations for policy reforms.展开更多
Driven by an innovation-oriented overarching plan,Chinese society is vibrant and exhilarating.A profusion of startups have emerged,fledgling industries developed,and the industrial structure as well as quality and eff...Driven by an innovation-oriented overarching plan,Chinese society is vibrant and exhilarating.A profusion of startups have emerged,fledgling industries developed,and the industrial structure as well as quality and efficiency improved.From a holistic view,the economy is steering toward mid-and high-end levels of development.展开更多
At the beginning of 2018,General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the government should build a coordinated urban-rural regional development system that highlights advantages;the government should foster benign i...At the beginning of 2018,General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the government should build a coordinated urban-rural regional development system that highlights advantages;the government should foster benign interactions among regions and urban-rural integration,and coordinate and optimize overall land-sea development.The government should nurture and exert the competitive advantages of different regions for larger regional complementarity and a new pattern of coordinated regional development.The government should promote urban-rural coordinated development and optimize the landscape of the modern economic system;and the government should implement the coordinated regional development strategy,foster the coordinated development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration,the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.展开更多
In line with the requirements of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,we need analyze the characteristics of China’s river valley economy,fully consider the development constrain...In line with the requirements of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,we need analyze the characteristics of China’s river valley economy,fully consider the development constraints posed by water resources.In addition,advancing the“three water treatments,”which covers water pollution control,water ecological restoration,and water resources protection,is of great theoretical and practical significance in helping to realize the concept of a mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grass community of shared life.It also requires effectively coordinating the upper and lower reaches,both riverbanks,the trunk streams and tributaries,and on-shore industrial cities within the area,to foster integration and interaction between major national strategies and create a new pattern for promoting ecological progress.展开更多
文摘County economies form a distinctive,integrated regional economic structure.Their growth is shaped by specific social and historical conditions and,in turn,influences many aspects of wider economic and social development.In China's modernization process,they have always played a vital role.The 2024 Central Economic Work Conference placed strong emphasis on vigorously developing county economies.
文摘DRIVEN by the innovation-oriented overarching plan,Chinese society is vibrant and exhilarat-ing-a profusion of start-ups emerged,fledg-ing industries developed,and the industrial structure as well as quality and efficiency improved.
文摘As both a beneficiary of global supply chain integration and a contributor to the creation of a new supply chain ecosystem,China is of immense importance to the growth of international supply chains.For example,it’s manufacturing industry is indispensable across every stage of the global supply chain from raw material to intermediate goods production and the assembly of finished products.And with a large consumer base,China has been the place where global goods and services are consumed.
文摘County economies form a distinctive,integrated regional economic structure.Their growth is shaped by specific social and historical conditions,and it influences many aspects of wider economic and social development.In China’s modernisation process,they have always played a vital role.The 2024 Central Economic Work Conference placed strong emphasis on vigorously developing county economies.
文摘The 2025 Spring Festival consumer market showcases the vitality of China's economic growth,which is critical,given the uncertainties that continue to haunt the outside world.
基金Thanks for the support of the Special Fund for Global Green Development and Climate Change of Tsinghua University Education Foundation and the Energy Foundation.
文摘1.Introduction 2020 is an unusual year in which the COVID-19 pandemic has raged through the globe,infecting tens of millions of people and killing hundreds of thousands.The pandemic has not only wreaked havoc on public health systems,economic activities,and people's lives,but also has greatly affected and will continue to reshape the world's political,economic,and trade patterns.
文摘The highly anticipated Private Sector Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China officially came into effect on May 20,2025.As the nation's first fundamental law dedicated to private sector development,this law codifies the principles,policies,and effective practices regarding private sector development implemented by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the State Council since the launch of reform and opening up in 1978,and particularly since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012.Its enactment has sent a powerful message that the rule of law will help guarantee the development of the private sector.
文摘According to an analysis of sampled data from the National Bureau of Statistics for 70,000 peasant households, agricultural labor productivity has been increasing at a faster rate than land productivity since 2003. Labor productivity has, in fact, experienced long-term stagnation, The data also reveals the heterogenization of small farmers, farm machinery replacing manual labor as an agricultural input, the expansion of the scale of land management, the development of the rural land leasing market and the diversification of the agricultural management entities. Review of the historical transformation of agriculture helps to recognize the declining importance of agricultural land, the direction of agricultural technological changes, the path and the disposition of the changes to the agricultural system, and the adjustment of China＇s rural policies.
基金The Basic Scientific Research Fund of Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes(2021-9070b)。
文摘Ecological degradation is a common problem around the world which has a profound impact on the sustainable development of mankind.This paper selects Lashihai basin as the study case,and uses Logistic stepwise regression to simulate the original ecology of the potential vegetation in the area as a reference system for the definition and analysis of the subsequent degree of ecological degradation and its distribution characteristics.The analysis yields four main results.(1)The strong human disturbance areas in the Lashihai region are concentrated in the Lashihai basin,and the main impact factors are roads,residential areas and cultivated lands.(2)Besides lake,there are eight potential vegetation types in Lashihai,among which evergreen coniferous forest is the dominant community,and the other seven planting types of potential vegetation include warm meadow,grass,beach grass,evergreen broad-leaved shrubbery,deciduous broad-leaved shrubbery,warm steppe and alpine grassland.(3)The elevation and average phosphorus content have significant effects on the distribution of potential vegetation,while the different vegetation types have differential sensitivities to environmental factors.(4)On the whole,the degree of ecological degradation in the basin is relatively light,in which the proportion of non-degraded areas accounts for nearly half,the area of mild degradation is about one-fourth,the moderately degraded area is concentrated in areas with strong human disturbance,accounting for only 18.64%,and the severe degradation is rare,occupying an area of only 3.17%.
基金This paper is supported by the key project of Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research of China Top Think Tanks"Research on Top-Level Design and Institutional Guarantee of Industrial Base Reengineering Project in the‘14th Five-Year Plan’"(No.A2020041007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China"Research on the Safety Strategy of China's Industrial Chain"(No.71950003)a commissioned program of Department of Development Planning,National Development and Reform Commission"Research on the Outstanding Chokepoints of National Economical Circle and Countermeasures."。
文摘It is an important component of national security,and also a required driver for coordinating development and security and building a new pattern of development to maintain the security and stability of and enhance the independent controllability of industrial and supply chains.According to the principles of taking enterprises as the mainstay,coordinating points and chains,combining advantages and disadvantages,adopting classified policies,and linking internal and external chains,the three industrial chains should be planned as a whole for the purpose of their coordinated and efficient operation,so as to solidly enhance,supplement,optimize,and consolidate industrial and supply chains,enhance support to the core links of industrial chains,exploit preponderant and advantageous links,accelerate the incubation of leading and hidden champion enterprises in the industrial ecology,promote the coordination between central and local governments,optimize the policy support system for the modernization of industrial chains,deepen international cooperation among industrial chains,expedite the construction of independent,controllable,safe,and efficient industrial and supply chains,and significantly improve the stability,international competitiveness,and modernization of China's industrial and supply chains.
文摘Under a modernized economy,technological innovation capacity will be increased;institutions and mechanisms will burst with vitality;China’s governance system will be greatly modernized and capacity for governance will be enhanced;productivity will be compatible with relations of production;people’s ever-growing needs for a better life will be fulfilled properly;and the factors,entities,domains,and models that meet the demands for China’s modernization will form an organic whole that is systematic,coordinated,advanced,open,and dynamic.As China’s biggest economic center,Shanghai has a sound foundation and should give full play to its comparative advantages and play a leading role in developing a modernized economy.
文摘BRICS cooperation is praised as a typical model of emerging market economies and developing countries.With the joint efforts of Member States,BRICS cooperation has successfully passed through the first decade,and has yielded fruitful results in politics,economy,humanity and many other fields.On the occasion of the start of cooperation in the second decade,the BRICS 5 members
文摘As the world's biggest carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emitter and the largest developing country,China faces daunting challenges to peak its emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality within 40 years.This study fully considered the carbon-neutrality goal and the temperature rise constraints required by the Paris Agreement,by developing six long-term development scenarios,and conducting a quantitative evaluation on the carbon emissions pathways,energy transformation,technology,policy and investment demand for each scenario.This study combined both bottom-up and top-down methodologies,including simulations and analyses of energy consumption of end-use and power sectors(bottom-up),as well as scenario analysis,investment demand and technology evaluation at the macro level(top-down).This study demonstrates that achieving carbon neutrality before 2060 translates to significant efforts and overwhelming challenges for China.To comply with the target,a high rate of an average annual reduction of CO_(2) emissions by 9.3%from 2030 to 2050 is a necessity,which requires a huge investment demand.For example,in the 1.5℃ scenario,an investment in energy infrastructure alone equivalent to 2.6%of that year's GDP will be necessary.The technological pathway towards carbon neutrality will rely highly on both conventional emission reduction technologies and breakthrough technologies.China needs to balance a long-term development strategy of lower greenhouse gas emissions that meets both the Paris Agreement and the long-term goals for domestic economic and social development,with a phased implementation for both its five-year and long-term plans.
文摘International attention has focused recently on China’s notable improvement in its innovation capacity.Organizations such as the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)and the U.S.National Science Foundation(NSF)have issued successive global in no vati on in dexes demonstrating that China is experiencing a growing momentum.
文摘This study shows that,despite unprecedented econornic progress,major disparities in the wellbeing of older persons in China persist.These inc1ude disparities between the elderly in urban and rural areas,between the elderly in wealthier Eastern coastal regions and the poorer Western and Central regions,and between elderly men and women.These disparities exist largely because of differential life course experiences that tend to be magnified in old age due to their cumulative effects.Utilizing the"Active Ageing Framework",developed by the WHO Ageing and Life Course Programme,and core indicators of the Active Ageing Index of European Union countries,this report exarnines three areas in which there are disparities in the situations of different groups of older persons:health,security and participation.The study finds that older persons in rural areas are in a disadvantaged position in terms of access to healthcare services,and that women live longer but are less healthy than men in China.Older persons in Western and Central regions of China are in poorer health than those in the Eastern coastal region.Huge disparities also exist in the annual pension incomes received by different subgroups of older persons.Pension schemes are highly differentiated among subgroups of older persons.Gaps of community-based elderly care between urban and rural areas are remarkably pronounced.In terms of participation,the study finds that older persons in rural areas have a higher labour force participation rate,largely as a result of low pension income security.Elderly men participate more than elderly women in political activities.Older persons have more social participation opportunities in wealthier areas.The findings of this study contribute to an understanding of the situation of older persons in China and can be used as the basis for recommendations for policy reforms.
文摘Driven by an innovation-oriented overarching plan,Chinese society is vibrant and exhilarating.A profusion of startups have emerged,fledgling industries developed,and the industrial structure as well as quality and efficiency improved.From a holistic view,the economy is steering toward mid-and high-end levels of development.
文摘At the beginning of 2018,General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the government should build a coordinated urban-rural regional development system that highlights advantages;the government should foster benign interactions among regions and urban-rural integration,and coordinate and optimize overall land-sea development.The government should nurture and exert the competitive advantages of different regions for larger regional complementarity and a new pattern of coordinated regional development.The government should promote urban-rural coordinated development and optimize the landscape of the modern economic system;and the government should implement the coordinated regional development strategy,foster the coordinated development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration,the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
文摘In line with the requirements of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,we need analyze the characteristics of China’s river valley economy,fully consider the development constraints posed by water resources.In addition,advancing the“three water treatments,”which covers water pollution control,water ecological restoration,and water resources protection,is of great theoretical and practical significance in helping to realize the concept of a mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grass community of shared life.It also requires effectively coordinating the upper and lower reaches,both riverbanks,the trunk streams and tributaries,and on-shore industrial cities within the area,to foster integration and interaction between major national strategies and create a new pattern for promoting ecological progress.
