Acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as ischemic stroke or Alzheimer's disease(AD)impose a major burden on patients,their relatives,caregivers,and health care systems in general.The socioeconomic imp...Acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as ischemic stroke or Alzheimer's disease(AD)impose a major burden on patients,their relatives,caregivers,and health care systems in general.The socioeconomic impact of neurodegenerative disorders is anticipated to escalate due to a globally ageing population and the increasing prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and inappropriate dietary habits.On the contrary.展开更多
Most conditions of the central nervous system(CNS)and the peripheral nervous system are not stand-alone disorders but are modulated and influenced by other pathobiological processes.For instance,the impact of frequent...Most conditions of the central nervous system(CNS)and the peripheral nervous system are not stand-alone disorders but are modulated and influenced by other pathobiological processes.For instance,the impact of frequent comorbidities such as hypertension1 or dyslipidemia2 as factors contributing to and aggravating CNS diseases has been much better understood in recent years.Another prominent disease-modifying factor is the gut microbiome which can exert both protective and detrimental effects on the nervous system in health and disease.3 An even better understanding of these factors will contribute to the development of individualized treatment approaches,a major research objective in the era of precision medicine.4 The current issue of Neuroprotection presents articles focusing on diseasemodifying factors or novel treatment approaches for a broad spectrum of conditions.展开更多
Translational medicine in neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases is approaching a breakthrough point.Recent years have led to dramatic progress in both experimental and clinical research.Based on a much better a...Translational medicine in neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases is approaching a breakthrough point.Recent years have led to dramatic progress in both experimental and clinical research.Based on a much better and continuously increasing understanding of disease mechanisms,progression and pathophysiology,new therapies with an improved translational potential to protect tissue either against acute or chronic degeneration and even approaches potentially capable of repairing damaged brain tissue are emerging.展开更多
Controlling and mitigating the burden and impact of neurodegenerative diseases has three major components.The first is prevention,for instance,aiming at risk factors and comorbidities that increase the incidence of ac...Controlling and mitigating the burden and impact of neurodegenerative diseases has three major components.The first is prevention,for instance,aiming at risk factors and comorbidities that increase the incidence of acute or chronic neurodegenerative diseases.This requires a detailed understanding of the prevalence of these factors as well as their pathomechanistical impact on neurodegenerative diseases,plus of efficient ways to control them.It also requires knowledge about potential protective factors.The second component is active medical treatment of a manifesting neurodegenerative conditions by either targeting its cause or at least its most disabling symptoms.This component is addressed by most therapeutic research activities.The third component focuses on long-term outcome.It requires a better mechanistic understanding of neurodegeneration sequelae as well as of the brain's unique capacity to respond to pathological challenges,for instance,by synaptic and circuit plasticity.Whereas previous issues of Neuroprotection often focused on the second component,the recent one will put more emphasis on the first and third component.It will deal with both central nervous system(CNS)disorders caused by acute neurodegeneration,such as ischemic stroke,as well as less acute diseases,including Alzheimer's(AD)and Parkinson's disease(PD).展开更多
Investigating causes of and treatments for neurological diseases originally focused almost exclusively on the central nervous system(CNS).However,a more holistic understanding of neurological diseases emerged in recen...Investigating causes of and treatments for neurological diseases originally focused almost exclusively on the central nervous system(CNS).However,a more holistic understanding of neurological diseases emerged in recent years.Contemporary research increasingly considers organs,organ systems,and pathobiological processes outside the CNS as well as their contribution to the course of neurological diseases.Prominent examples are the systemic immunological responses after ischemic,hemorrhagic,or traumatic brain injury1 as well as the gut–brain axis modulating numerous CNS conditions.2,3 Focusing on the interactions between central and peripheral pathobiological processes may result in a considerable increase of experimental strategy complexity and the necessity for additional research efforts.展开更多
Central nervous system(CNS)disorders are usually characterized by a complex pathophysiology.The last issue of Neuroprotection featured reviews and research articles looking at peripheral factors such as the gut microb...Central nervous system(CNS)disorders are usually characterized by a complex pathophysiology.The last issue of Neuroprotection featured reviews and research articles looking at peripheral factors such as the gut microbiome1,2 or a history of pre‐eclampsia3 and their impact on CNS conditions.Articles presented in the current issue of Neuroprotection will shift the focus back to the CNS but will continue to provide insights from recent research that help to better understand the pathophysiological complexity of CNS conditions.展开更多
Exosome-based treatments are gaining traction as a viable approach to addressing the various issues faced by an ischemic stroke.These extracellular vesicles,mainly produced by mesenchymal stem cells,exhibit many prope...Exosome-based treatments are gaining traction as a viable approach to addressing the various issues faced by an ischemic stroke.These extracellular vesicles,mainly produced by mesenchymal stem cells,exhibit many properties with substantial therapeutic potential.Exosomes are particularly appealing for stroke therapy because of their low immunogenicity,effective cargo transport,and ability to cross the blood–brain barrier.Their diverse effects include neuroprotection,angiogenesis stimulation,inflammatory response modulation,and cell death pathway attenuation,synergistically promoting neuronal survival,tissue regeneration,and functional recovery.Exosomes also show potential as diagnostic indicators for early stroke identification and customized treatment options.Despite these promising qualities,current exosome-based therapeutics have some limitations.The heterogeneity of exosome release among cell types,difficulty in standardization and isolation techniques,and complications linked to dosage and targeted administration necessitates extensive investigation.It is critical to thoroughly understand exosomal processes and their complicated interactions within the cellular milieu.To improve the practicality and efficacy of exosome-based medicines,research efforts must focus on improving production processes,developing robust evaluation criteria,and developing large-scale isolation techniques.Altogether,exosomes’multifunctional properties offer a new route for transforming stroke treatment and significantly improving patient outcomes.展开更多
Primary and secondary neurodegeneration is a pathological hallmark of numerous central nervous system(CNS)disorders.Although many mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration are well understood,previous approaches aiming ...Primary and secondary neurodegeneration is a pathological hallmark of numerous central nervous system(CNS)disorders.Although many mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration are well understood,previous approaches aiming at providing protection from neurodegeneration were often futile.A potential explanation may be that recent research discovered additional pathomechanisms leading to neurodegeneration.Thus,simply targeting single neurodegenerative mechanisms may only have minor therapeutic impact.Addressing multiple neurodegenerative mechanisms may be a more viable strategy.Moreover,the restoration of lost brain tissue turned out to be a very complex endeavor.1 Despite making some initial progress with the use of biocompatible scaffolds and hydrogels.展开更多
Immunological processes in the brain and periphery are well known to affect brain function in health and disease.However,our knowledge about the crosstalk between the immune system and the central nervous system is fa...Immunological processes in the brain and periphery are well known to affect brain function in health and disease.However,our knowledge about the crosstalk between the immune system and the central nervous system is far from being complete.Ongoing research in this field is uncovering the complex interactions between these"supersystems,"often involving additional organs such as the gut with its microbiome,as well as pathophysiological factors such as hyperglycemia,hypertension,or dyslipidemia.展开更多
Countering neurodegenerative processes remains a major obstacle,although we have witnessed significant recent progress in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.1,2,3 The lack of true tissue regeneration is partially r...Countering neurodegenerative processes remains a major obstacle,although we have witnessed significant recent progress in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.1,2,3 The lack of true tissue regeneration is partially related to the absence of molecular,cellular,and anatomical cues in the adult mammalian central nervous system(CNS)that would allow for recapitulating ontogenesis and thus allow brain tissue regeneration.4 This drives the unabated need for better and earlier diagnosis as well as novel cytoprotective approaches in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease(AD).5 Such approaches are covered in the current issue of Neuroprotection,which features a mixture of review papers as well as original articles and a clinical trial protocol.The main areas covered are AD and Parkinson's disease(PD),as well as ischemic CNS conditions.This editorial provides a summary of key findings and the most important conclusions reported in these articles.展开更多
基金NIH/NIDA,Grant/Award Number:R01DA056739Academy of Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:NAF\R11\1010。
文摘Acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as ischemic stroke or Alzheimer's disease(AD)impose a major burden on patients,their relatives,caregivers,and health care systems in general.The socioeconomic impact of neurodegenerative disorders is anticipated to escalate due to a globally ageing population and the increasing prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and inappropriate dietary habits.On the contrary.
文摘Most conditions of the central nervous system(CNS)and the peripheral nervous system are not stand-alone disorders but are modulated and influenced by other pathobiological processes.For instance,the impact of frequent comorbidities such as hypertension1 or dyslipidemia2 as factors contributing to and aggravating CNS diseases has been much better understood in recent years.Another prominent disease-modifying factor is the gut microbiome which can exert both protective and detrimental effects on the nervous system in health and disease.3 An even better understanding of these factors will contribute to the development of individualized treatment approaches,a major research objective in the era of precision medicine.4 The current issue of Neuroprotection presents articles focusing on diseasemodifying factors or novel treatment approaches for a broad spectrum of conditions.
基金Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro,Grant/Award Numbers:202.751/2018,210.825/2021,201.460/2022National Institute of Health,Grant/Award Number:NIH/NINDS R03NS123733Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,Grant/Award Number:CA 2642/1-1。
文摘Translational medicine in neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases is approaching a breakthrough point.Recent years have led to dramatic progress in both experimental and clinical research.Based on a much better and continuously increasing understanding of disease mechanisms,progression and pathophysiology,new therapies with an improved translational potential to protect tissue either against acute or chronic degeneration and even approaches potentially capable of repairing damaged brain tissue are emerging.
基金NIH/NIDA,Grant/Award Number:R01DA056739 to Piotr Walczak。
文摘Controlling and mitigating the burden and impact of neurodegenerative diseases has three major components.The first is prevention,for instance,aiming at risk factors and comorbidities that increase the incidence of acute or chronic neurodegenerative diseases.This requires a detailed understanding of the prevalence of these factors as well as their pathomechanistical impact on neurodegenerative diseases,plus of efficient ways to control them.It also requires knowledge about potential protective factors.The second component is active medical treatment of a manifesting neurodegenerative conditions by either targeting its cause or at least its most disabling symptoms.This component is addressed by most therapeutic research activities.The third component focuses on long-term outcome.It requires a better mechanistic understanding of neurodegeneration sequelae as well as of the brain's unique capacity to respond to pathological challenges,for instance,by synaptic and circuit plasticity.Whereas previous issues of Neuroprotection often focused on the second component,the recent one will put more emphasis on the first and third component.It will deal with both central nervous system(CNS)disorders caused by acute neurodegeneration,such as ischemic stroke,as well as less acute diseases,including Alzheimer's(AD)and Parkinson's disease(PD).
基金Piotr Walczak is supported by a NIH/NIDA grant(R01 DA056739)。
文摘Investigating causes of and treatments for neurological diseases originally focused almost exclusively on the central nervous system(CNS).However,a more holistic understanding of neurological diseases emerged in recent years.Contemporary research increasingly considers organs,organ systems,and pathobiological processes outside the CNS as well as their contribution to the course of neurological diseases.Prominent examples are the systemic immunological responses after ischemic,hemorrhagic,or traumatic brain injury1 as well as the gut–brain axis modulating numerous CNS conditions.2,3 Focusing on the interactions between central and peripheral pathobiological processes may result in a considerable increase of experimental strategy complexity and the necessity for additional research efforts.
文摘Central nervous system(CNS)disorders are usually characterized by a complex pathophysiology.The last issue of Neuroprotection featured reviews and research articles looking at peripheral factors such as the gut microbiome1,2 or a history of pre‐eclampsia3 and their impact on CNS conditions.Articles presented in the current issue of Neuroprotection will shift the focus back to the CNS but will continue to provide insights from recent research that help to better understand the pathophysiological complexity of CNS conditions.
基金National Institutes of Health,Grant/Award Number:NIH R21NS133531。
文摘Exosome-based treatments are gaining traction as a viable approach to addressing the various issues faced by an ischemic stroke.These extracellular vesicles,mainly produced by mesenchymal stem cells,exhibit many properties with substantial therapeutic potential.Exosomes are particularly appealing for stroke therapy because of their low immunogenicity,effective cargo transport,and ability to cross the blood–brain barrier.Their diverse effects include neuroprotection,angiogenesis stimulation,inflammatory response modulation,and cell death pathway attenuation,synergistically promoting neuronal survival,tissue regeneration,and functional recovery.Exosomes also show potential as diagnostic indicators for early stroke identification and customized treatment options.Despite these promising qualities,current exosome-based therapeutics have some limitations.The heterogeneity of exosome release among cell types,difficulty in standardization and isolation techniques,and complications linked to dosage and targeted administration necessitates extensive investigation.It is critical to thoroughly understand exosomal processes and their complicated interactions within the cellular milieu.To improve the practicality and efficacy of exosome-based medicines,research efforts must focus on improving production processes,developing robust evaluation criteria,and developing large-scale isolation techniques.Altogether,exosomes’multifunctional properties offer a new route for transforming stroke treatment and significantly improving patient outcomes.
基金Academy of Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:NAFIR111010NIH/NIDA,Grant/Award Number:R01DA056739。
文摘Primary and secondary neurodegeneration is a pathological hallmark of numerous central nervous system(CNS)disorders.Although many mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration are well understood,previous approaches aiming at providing protection from neurodegeneration were often futile.A potential explanation may be that recent research discovered additional pathomechanisms leading to neurodegeneration.Thus,simply targeting single neurodegenerative mechanisms may only have minor therapeutic impact.Addressing multiple neurodegenerative mechanisms may be a more viable strategy.Moreover,the restoration of lost brain tissue turned out to be a very complex endeavor.1 Despite making some initial progress with the use of biocompatible scaffolds and hydrogels.
基金NIH/NIDA,Grant/Award Number:R01DA056739Academy of Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:Newton Advanced Fellowship NAFIR11\1010。
文摘Immunological processes in the brain and periphery are well known to affect brain function in health and disease.However,our knowledge about the crosstalk between the immune system and the central nervous system is far from being complete.Ongoing research in this field is uncovering the complex interactions between these"supersystems,"often involving additional organs such as the gut with its microbiome,as well as pathophysiological factors such as hyperglycemia,hypertension,or dyslipidemia.
基金NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse,Grant/Award Number:R01 DA056739。
文摘Countering neurodegenerative processes remains a major obstacle,although we have witnessed significant recent progress in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.1,2,3 The lack of true tissue regeneration is partially related to the absence of molecular,cellular,and anatomical cues in the adult mammalian central nervous system(CNS)that would allow for recapitulating ontogenesis and thus allow brain tissue regeneration.4 This drives the unabated need for better and earlier diagnosis as well as novel cytoprotective approaches in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease(AD).5 Such approaches are covered in the current issue of Neuroprotection,which features a mixture of review papers as well as original articles and a clinical trial protocol.The main areas covered are AD and Parkinson's disease(PD),as well as ischemic CNS conditions.This editorial provides a summary of key findings and the most important conclusions reported in these articles.
