This study investigated the short-term effects of woody residues and compost on Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes(OFSP)focusing on plant growth,storage root production,and bioactive compounds.Conducted in a commercial orc...This study investigated the short-term effects of woody residues and compost on Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes(OFSP)focusing on plant growth,storage root production,and bioactive compounds.Conducted in a commercial orchard,the experiment compared different organic fertilization treatments with a control.Four treatments were established:Treatment 1(T1)received compost fertilization;Treatment 2,control,(T2)had no fertilization;and Treatments 3(T3)and 4(T4)were fertilized with high(15 kg·m^(-2))and low(7.5 kg·m^(-2))doses of woody plant residues,respectively.Although woody residue application initially hampered plant growth,it ultimately enhanced biological nitrogen fixation,phosphorus availability,and reduced stress and senescence.Agronomic production did not differ between the compost and woody residue treatments but was increased at the high woody residue dose compared to control.At late growth stages,ascorbic acid decreased in all treatments.At this time,the total phenolic content in storage roots remained high in the woody residue treatments.Conversely,compost reduced the bioactive compounds,without affecting growth,potentially due to oxidative stress in late growth stages.The lower crop senescence index and comparable agronomic production to the compost treatment suggest that woody residues were beneficial for OFSP growth and bioactive composition.The superior quality of the tuberous roots produced with woody residues indicates that this is an effective organic fertilization method for sweet potato production that can contribute to its resilience to environmental variations.展开更多
Deep phenotyping and genetic characterization of individuals are fundamental to assessing the metabolic status and determining nutrition-specific requirements.This study aimed to ascertain the utmost effectiveness of ...Deep phenotyping and genetic characterization of individuals are fundamental to assessing the metabolic status and determining nutrition-specific requirements.This study aimed to ascertain the utmost effectiveness of personalized interventions by aligning dietary adjustments with both the genotype and metabolotype of individuals.Therefore,we assessed here the usefulness of a polygenic score(PGS)characterizing a potential pro-inflammatory profile(PGSi)as a nutrigenetic tool to discern individuals from the Danish PREVENTOMICS cohort that could better respond to precision nutrition(PN)plans,specifically targeted at counteracting the low-grade inflammatory profile typically found in obesity.The cohort followed a PN plan to counteract the pro-inflammatory profile(PNi group)or generic dietary recommendations(Control)for 10 weeks.PGSi was applied for genetic stratification(Low/High).The effects of the intervention on anthropometrics and biomarkers related to inflammatory profile and carbohydrate metabolism were assessed.Around 30%of subjects had a high genetic predisposition to pro-inflammatory status(high-PGSi).These individuals demonstrated the most effective response to the dietary plan,experiencing improved body composition,with significant decreases in body weight(∆:-4.84%;P=0.039)and body fat(∆:-4.86%;P=0.007),and beneficial changes in pro-and anti-inflammatory biomarkers,with significant increases in IL-10(∆:71.3%;P=0.025)and decreases in TNF-α(∆:-3.0%;P=0.048),CRP(∆:-31.1%),ICAM1(∆:-5.8%),and MCP1(∆:-4.2%)circulating levels,compared to low-PGSi individuals.Both phenotypic and genetic stratification contributed to a better understanding of metabolic heterogeneity in response to diet.This approach allows for refinement of the prediction of individual requirements and potentially for better management of obesity.展开更多
Background:Mammalian cells possess molecular clocks,the adequate functioning of which is decisive for metabolic health.Exercise is known to modulate these clocks,potentially having distinct effects on metabolism depen...Background:Mammalian cells possess molecular clocks,the adequate functioning of which is decisive for metabolic health.Exercise is known to modulate these clocks,potentially having distinct effects on metabolism depending on the time of day.This study aimed to investigate the impact of morning vs.evening moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on glucose regulation and energy metabolism in healthy men and women.It also aimed to elucidate molecular mechanisms within skeletal muscle.Methods:Using a randomized crossover design,healthy men(n=18)and women(n=17)performed a 60-min bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in the morning and evening.Glucose regulation was continuously monitored starting 24 h prior to the exercise day and continuing until 48 h post-exercise for each experimental condition.Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry during exercise and at rest before and after exercise for 30 min.Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected immediately before and after exercise to assess mitochondrial function,transcriptome,and mitochondrial proteome.Results:Results indicated similar systemic glucose,energy expenditure,and substrate oxidation during and after exercise in both sexes.Notably,transcriptional analysis,mitochondrial function,and mitochondrial proteomics revealed marked sexual dimorphism and time of day variations.Conclusion:The sexual dimorphism and time of day variations observed in the skeletal muscle in response to exercise may translate into observable systemic effects with higher exercise-intensity or chronic exercise interventions.This study provides a foundational molecular framework for precise exercise prescription in the clinical setting.展开更多
Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold s...Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold standara")and estimated CRF is clinically relevant because estimated CRF is more feasible.Our objective was to meta-analyze cohort studies to compare the associations of objectively measured,exerciseestimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality in adults.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 9 databases(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Scopus,PsycINFO,Web of Science,PubMed,CINAHL,and the Cochrane Library)up to April 11,2024.We included full-text refereed cohort studies published in English that quantified the association(using risk estimates with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs))of objectively measured,exercise-estimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.CRF was expressed as metabolic equivalents(METs)of task.Pooled relative risks(RR)for all-cause and CVD mortality per 1-MET(3.5 mL/kg/min)higher level of CRF were quantified using random-effects models.Results:Forty-two studies representing 35 cohorts and 3,813,484 observations(81%male)(362,771 all-cause and 56,471 CVD deaths)were included.The pooled RRs for all-cause and CVD mortality per higher MET were 0.86(95%CI:0.83-0.88)and 0.84(95%CI:0.80-0.87),respectively.For both all-cause and CVD mortality,there were no statistically significant differences in RR per higher MET between objectively measured(RR range:0.86-0.90)and maximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.85-0.86),submaximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.91-0.94),and non-exercise-estimated CRF(RR range:0.81-0.85).Conclusion:Objectively measured and estimated CRF showed similar dose-response associations for all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.Estimated CRF could provide a practical and robust alternative to objectively measured CRF for assessing mortality risk across diverse populations.Our findings underscore the health-related benefits of higher CRF and advocate for its integration into clinical practice to enhance risk stratification.展开更多
Background:Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability.Handgrip strength(HGS)using isometric dynamometry is a convenient,feasible,and wide...Background:Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability.Handgrip strength(HGS)using isometric dynamometry is a convenient,feasible,and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages.While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries,no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international norms.The objective of this study was to generate international sex-and age-specific norms for absolute and body size-normalized HGS across the adult lifespan.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 6 databases/web search engines(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL,and Google Scholar)up to December 1,2023.We included full-text peer-reviewed observational studies that reported normative HGS data for adults aged ≥20 years by sex and age.Pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation following harmonization for methodo-logical variation.Population-weighted Generalized Additive Models for Location,Scale,and Shape were used to develop sex-and age-specific norms for absolute HGS(kg)and HGS normalized by height(Ht,m)squared(i.e.,HGS/Ht^(2)in kg/m^(2)).Norms were tabulated as percentile values(5th to 95th)and visualized as smoothed percentile curves.Results:We included data from 100 unique observational studies representing 2,405,863 adults(51.9%female)aged 20 to 100+years from 69 countries and regions tested from the year 2000 onward.On average,absolute and normalized HGS values negligibly improved throughout early adulthood,peaked from age 3039 years(at 49.7 kg(males)and 29.7 kg(females)for absolute HGS or 16.3 kg/m^(2)(males)and 11.3 kg/m^(2)(females)for HGS/Ht^(2)),and declined afterwards.The age-related decline in HGS accelerated from middle to late adulthood and was slightly larger for males than for females during middle adulthood.Conclusion:This study provides the world’s largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for adult HGS by sex and age.These norms have utility for global peer-comparisons,health screening,and surveillance.展开更多
Background:Physicalfitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health.However,inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit interna...Background:Physicalfitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health.However,inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit international monitoring and surveillance.The objective of the study was to seek international consensus on a proposed,evidence-informed,Youth Fitness International Test(YFIT)battery and protocols for health monitoring and surveillance in children and adolescents aged 618 years.Methods:We conducted an international modified Delphi study to evaluate the level of agreement with a proposed,evidence-based,YFIT of core health-relatedfitness tests and protocols to be used worldwide in 6-to 18-year-olds.This proposal was based on previous European and North American projects that systematically reviewed the existing evidence to identify the most valid,reliable,health-related,safe,and feasiblefitness tests to be used in children and adolescents aged 618 years.We designed a single-panel modified Delphi study and invited 216 experts from all around the world to answer this Delphi survey,of whom one-third are from low-to-middle income countries and one-third are women.Four experts were involved in the piloting of the survey and did not participate in the main Delphi study to avoid bias.We pre-defined an agreement of 80%among the expert participants to achieve consensus.Results:We obtained a high response rate(78%)with a total of 169fitness experts from 50 countries and territories,including 63 women and 61 experts from low-or middle-income countries/territories.Consensus(>85%agreement)was achieved for all proposed tests and protocols,supporting the YFIT battery,which includes weight and height(to compute body mass index as a proxy of body size/composition),the 20-m shuttle run(cardiorespiratoryfitness),handgrip strength,and standing long jump(muscularfitness).Conclusion:This study contributes to standardizingfitness tests and protocols used for research,monitoring,and surveillance across the world,which will allow for future data pooling and the development of international and regional sex-and age-specific reference values,health-related cut-points,and a global picture offitness among children and adolescents.展开更多
Background Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk of muscle weakness and low areal bone mineral density(aBMD).However,the prevalence of muscle strength deficits is not well documented,and the associations of...Background Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk of muscle weakness and low areal bone mineral density(aBMD).However,the prevalence of muscle strength deficits is not well documented,and the associations of muscle strength with aBMD are unknown in this population.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper-and lower-body muscle strength deficits and to examine the associations of upper-and lower-body muscle strength with age-,sex,and race-specific aBMD Z-scores at the total body,total hip,femoral neck,and lumbar spine.Methods This cross-sectional study included 116 pediatric cancer survivors(12.1±3.3 years old,mean±SD;42.2%female).Upper-and lower-body muscle strength were assessed by handgrip and standing long jump test,respectively.Dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD(g/cm2).Associations between muscle strength and aBMD were evaluated in multivariable linear regression models.Logistic regression was used to evaluate the contribution of muscle strength(1-decile lower)to the odds of having low aBMD(Z-score≤1.0).All analyses were adjusted for time from treatment completion,radiotherapy exposure,and body mass index.Results More than one-half of survivors were within the 2 lowest deciles for upper-(56.9%)and lower-body muscle strength(60.0%)in comparison to age-and sex-specific reference values.Muscle strength deficits were associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites(B=0.133–0.258,p=0.001–0.032).Each 1-decile lower in upper-body muscle strength was associated with 30%–95%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at all sites.Each 1-decile lower in lower-body muscle strength was associated with 35%–70%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at total body,total hip,and femoral neck.Conclusion Muscle strength deficits are prevalent in young pediatric cancer survivors,and such deficits are associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites.These results suggest that interventions designed to improve muscle strength in this vulnerable population may have the added benefit of improving aBMD.展开更多
With increasing life expectancy,neurodegenerative diseases have become one of the leading causes of illhealth in the elderly.Preventive strategies include following healthy diets,such as the Mediterranean diet,which i...With increasing life expectancy,neurodegenerative diseases have become one of the leading causes of illhealth in the elderly.Preventive strategies include following healthy diets,such as the Mediterranean diet,which is particularly rich in polyphenols,bioactive compounds with neuroprotective properties.The aim of this study was to assess the association of microbial phenolic metabolites(MPM)with cognition.This cross-sectional analysis was performed with 200 participants of the PREDIMED trial(Barcelona-Clinic recruitment center).A novel method based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to identify urinary MPM(protocatechuic acid,enterodiol glucuronide,enterolactone glucuronide,urolithin B glucuronide,and vanillic acid glucuronide),and cognitive function was evaluated with neuropsychological tests.Multivariable-adjusted ordinary least squares regression was used to assess the associations between cognitive function and MPM,and a score was calculated as the weighted sum of MPM.A higher MPM score was associated with better frontal lobe function.Among individual metabolites,vanillic acid glucuronide was correlated with frontal cognitive performance.Participants with higher concentrations of vanillic acid glucuronide and urolithin B glucuronide obtained better scores in the Color Trail Test part 2.A higher score for urinary multiMPM was associated with better frontal cognitive performance in an older Mediterranean population.展开更多
The protective role of(poly)phenols against metabolic disorders has been extensively studied in adults but not in adolescents.To assess associations of dietary(poly)phenols and their subclasses with cardiometabolic he...The protective role of(poly)phenols against metabolic disorders has been extensively studied in adults but not in adolescents.To assess associations of dietary(poly)phenols and their subclasses with cardiometabolic health parameters in adolescents.A cross-sectional study was conducted in 944 individuals aged 11–14 years enrolled in the SI!Program for Secondary Schools trial(NCT03504059).(Poly)phenol intake was assessed using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires and the Phenol-Explorer database.The measured cardiometabolic parameters were waist circumference(WC)age-sex Z-score,blood pressure(BP)age-sex Z-score,blood glucose(BG),triglycerides(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c).Multilevel mixedeffect linear regression models were applied to examine the association between(poly)phenol quintiles and cardiometabolic health parameters.Compared to the lowest quintile,adolescents in the highest quintile of total(poly)phenol intake had lower WC Z-scores,mean arterial pressure Z-scores,and HDL-c after multivariable adjustment.The WC Z-scores and HDL-c were lower in the highest quintile of flavonoid intake compared to the lowest quintile.The highest quintile of phenolic acid intake was associated with a lower WC Z-score and TG levels,and the highest quintile of stilbene intake with lower BG and TG,and with higher HDL-c compared to the lowest quintile.A higher intake of(poly)phenols,especially flavonoids,phenolic acids,and stilbenes,was associated with better cardiometabolic parameters in adolescents.展开更多
Background:One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta(Aβ).Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk,and on...Background:One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta(Aβ).Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk,and one potential path could be through Aβlevels modulation.We aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and Aβin middle-aged and older adults.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,PsycINFO,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and SPORTDiscus was performed from inception to April 28,2022.Studies were eligible if they included physical activity and Aβdata in adults aged 45 years or older.Multi-level metaanalyses of intervention and observational studies were performed to examine the role of physical activity in modulating Aβlevels.Results:In total,37 articles were included(8 randomized controlled trials,3 non-randomized controlled trials,4 prospective longitudinal studies,and 22 cross-sectional studies).The overall effect size of physical activity interventions on changes in blood Aβwas medium(pooled standardized mean difference=-0.69,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.41 to 0.03;I^(2)=74.6%).However,these results were not statistically significant,and there were not enough studies to explore the effects of physical activity on cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and brain Aβ.Data from observational studies were examined based on measurements of Aβin the brain using positron emission tomography scans,CSF,and blood.Higher physical activity was positively associated with Aβonly in the CSF(Estimate r=0.12;95%CI:0.05-0.18;I^(2)=38.00%).Conclusion:Physical activity might moderately reduce blood Aβin middle-aged and older adults.However,results were only near statistical significance and might be interpreted with caution given the methodological limitations observed in some of the included studies.In observational studies,higher levels of physical activity were positively associated with Aβonly in CSF.Therefore,further research is needed to understand the modulating role of physical activity in the brain,CSF,and blood Aβ,as well as its implication for cognitive health.展开更多
Purpose To determine the association between lower-body strength and lower-body power capacities with sprint swimming performance in adolescent competitive swimmers.Methods A total of 44 front crawl swimmers(27 males ...Purpose To determine the association between lower-body strength and lower-body power capacities with sprint swimming performance in adolescent competitive swimmers.Methods A total of 44 front crawl swimmers(27 males and 17 females)performed anthropometric assessments,lower-body strength tests(half squat maximum isometric strength,dynamic half squat with 20,30 and 40%of the maximum isometric strength,and knee extension maximum isometric strength)and lower-body power tests(squat jump[SJ],countermovement jump[CMJ]and Abalakov jump).Further front crawl swimming best times in 50 and 100 m were recorded from official swimming competitions and front crawl technique was assessed by an experienced coach using a visual analogue scale.Results Swimming performance was correlated with lower-body power variables(SJ[r=−0.573 for 50 m and−0.642 for 100 m],CMJ[r=−0.497 for 50 m and−0.544 for 100 m],and Abalakov jump[r=−0.452 for 50 m and−0.415 for 100 m];p≤0.05)and lower-body strength(half squat maximum isometric strength[r=−0.430 for 50 m and−0.443 for 100 m];p≤0.05)in males but not in females.Further linear regression models showed that only lower-body power predicted both 50 m(Abalakov jump;r^(2)=0.58;change in r^(2)=0.18)and 100 m(SJ;r^(2)=0.66;change in r^(2)=0.15)performance in male swimmers.Conclusions This study emphasizes the greater association between lower-body power and sprint front crawl performance in adolescent males compared to females.Practical tests(i.e.,SJ and Abalakov jump)are shown to predict front crawl swimming performance,which may facilitate the performance control by coaches and trainers.展开更多
Sleeve gastrectomy(SG) is a restrictive bariatric surgery technique that was first used as part of restrictive horizontal gastrectomy in the original Scopinaro type biliopancreatic diversion. Its good results as a sin...Sleeve gastrectomy(SG) is a restrictive bariatric surgery technique that was first used as part of restrictive horizontal gastrectomy in the original Scopinaro type biliopancreatic diversion. Its good results as a single technique have led to a rise in its use, and it is currently the second most performed technique worldwide. SG achieves clearly better results than other restrictive techniques and is comparable in some aspects to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, the current gold standard in bariatric surgery. These benefits have been associated with different pathophysiologic mechanisms unrelated to weight loss such as increased gastric emptying and intestinal transit, and activation of hormonal mechanisms such as increased GLP-1 hormone and decreased ghrelin. The aim of this review was to highlight the salient aspects of SG regarding its historical evolution, pathophysiologic mechanisms, main results, clinical applications and perioperative complications.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease covers a wide spectrum of liver pathologies which range from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.Polyphenols are members of a very large family of plant-derived compound...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease covers a wide spectrum of liver pathologies which range from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.Polyphenols are members of a very large family of plant-derived compounds that can have beneficial effects on human health,and thus their study has become an increasingly important area of human nutrition research.The aim of the present review is to compile published data concerning the effects of both isolated polyphenols as well as polyphenol extracts,on hepatocyte and liver fat accumulation under different steatosis-inducing conditions.The results reported clearly show that this group of biomolecules is able to reduce fat accumulation,but further studies are needed to establish the optimal dose and treatment period length.With regard to the potential mechanisms of action,there is a good consensus.The anti-lipidogenic effect of polyphenols is mainly due to reduced fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis,increased in fatty acid oxidation,and reduced of oxidative stress and inflammation.As a general conclusion,it can be stated that polyphenols are biomolecules which produce hepatoprotective effects.To date,these beneficial effects have been demonstrated in cultured cells and animal models.Thus,studies performed in humans are needed before these molecules can be considered as truly useful tools in the prevention of liver steatosis.展开更多
Life expectancy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is reduced compared to the general population owing to an increase in cardiovascular diseases(CVD)not fully explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors...Life expectancy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is reduced compared to the general population owing to an increase in cardiovascular diseases(CVD)not fully explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors.In recent years,interest has been focused on the alterations in lipid metabolism in relation to chronic inflammation as one of the possible mechanisms involvedin the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis of RA patients.Research regarding this issue has revealed quantitative alterations in lipoproteins during the acute-phase reaction,and has also demonstrated structural alterations in these lipoproteins which affect their functional abilities.Although many alterations in lipid metabolism have been described in this regard,these structural changes associated with inflammation are particularly important in high-density lipoproteins as they affect their cardioprotective functions.In this respect,excessive oxidation in low-density lipoprotein(LDL)and increased lipoprotein(a)with a predominance of smaller apolipoprotein(a)isoforms has also been reported.This article will discuss proinflammatory high-density lipoproteins(pi HDL),oxidized LDL and lipoprotein(a).Elevated concentrations of these lipoproteins with marked pro-atherogenic properties have been observed in RA patients,which could help to explain the increased cardiovascular risk of these patients.展开更多
Erectile dysfunction(ED),a condition closely related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality,is frequently associated with obesity.In this study,we aimed to determine the prevalence of ED and evaluate the associated...Erectile dysfunction(ED),a condition closely related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality,is frequently associated with obesity.In this study,we aimed to determine the prevalence of ED and evaluate the associated risk factors in a cohort of 254 young(18–49 years)nondiabetic obese(body mass index[BMI]≥30 kg m−2)men from primary care.Erectile function(International Index of Erectile Function[IIEF-5]questionnaire),quality of life(Aging Males'Symptoms[AMS scale]),and body composition analysis(Tanita MC-180MA)were determined.Total testosterone was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the factors associated with ED.ED prevalence was 42.1%.Subjects with ED presented higher BMI,waist circumference,number of components of the metabolic syndrome,AMS score,insulin resistance,and a more unfavorable body composition than those without ED.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a pathological AMS score(odds ratio[OR]:4.238,P<0.001),degree of obesity(BMI≥40 kg m−2,OR:2.602,P=0.005,compared with BMI 30–34.9 kg m−2),high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol levels(OR:0.956,P=0.004),and age(OR:1.047,P=0.016)were factors independently associated with ED.In conclusion,we demonstrate that,in a primary care-based cohort of nondiabetic young obese men,ED affected>40%of subjects.A pathological AMS score,the degree of obesity,and age were positively associated with ED,while elevated HDL-cholesterol levels were inversely associated with the odds of presenting ED.Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the long-term consequences of ED in this population.展开更多
Objective: Few studies have related nutritional factors with quality of life in healthy populations. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between commercial bakery, fast food or soft drinks consumption and mental a...Objective: Few studies have related nutritional factors with quality of life in healthy populations. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between commercial bakery, fast food or soft drinks consumption and mental and physical quality of life. Study Design: This analysis included 8335 participants from the 'Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra' (SUN) Project (a multipurpose, dynamic cohort). Methods: The consumption of commercial bakery, fast food and soft drinks was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline. Quality of life was measured after 4 years of follow-up with the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey. Generalized Linear Models were fit to assess the regression coefficients (b) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between commercial bakery, fast food and soft drinks consumption and each domain and the two standardized measures of the SF-36. Results: As compared to the participants in the lowest quintile of consumption, those participants in the highest quintile of consumption of commercial bakery, fast food and soft drinks showed a score significantly lower (>2 points) for vitality (b = -2.14, 95% CI = -3.31 to -0.96), role emotional (b = -2.23, 95% CI = -4.33 to -0.13), and role physical (b = -2.31, 95% IC = -4.26 to -0.36) domains with statistically significant dose-response relationships (p for trend < 0.05). When the food groups were analysed separately, significant inverse associations were found only for commercial bakery and fast-food consumption. Conclusions: The results suggest that high consumption of commercial bakery, fast-food and soft drinks at baseline was associated with worse scores on self-perceived quality of life. This association was stronger for the mental domains of the SF-36.展开更多
This short review comments on the recently published work of Ishimoto et al regarding the opposing effects of fructokinase C and A isoforms on fructoseinduced metabolic syndrome in mice. The framework for the commenta...This short review comments on the recently published work of Ishimoto et al regarding the opposing effects of fructokinase C and A isoforms on fructoseinduced metabolic syndrome in mice. The framework for the commentary is the preexisting background of epidemiological and experimental data regarding the association between ingestion of fructose, as present in sweetened beverages, and the development of metabolic syndrome. The work of Ishimoto et al clearly confirms the negative effect of fructose on lipid and glucose metabolism, independently from the amount of energy provided by the ingested sugar. It also confirms the absolute requirement of liver fructose metabolism, driven by fructokinase activity, in order to develop the full spectrum of metabolic syndrome alterations.展开更多
Background MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small,single-stranded,non-coding RNA molecules of 22–24 nucleotides that regulate gene expression.In the last decade,miRNAs have been described in sperm of several mammals,including ca...Background MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small,single-stranded,non-coding RNA molecules of 22–24 nucleotides that regulate gene expression.In the last decade,miRNAs have been described in sperm of several mammals,including cattle.It is known that miRNAs can act as key gene regulators of early embryogenesis in mice and humans;however,little is known about the content,expression,and function of sperm-borne miRNAs in early bovine embryo.In this study,total sperm RNA was isolated from 29 cryopreserved sperm samples(each coming from a separate bull)using a RNeasy kit and treatment with DNase I.RNA concentration and purity were determined through an Epoch spectrophotometer and an Agilent Bioanalyzer.The expression of 10 candidate miRNAs in bovine sperm(bta-miR-10a,bta-miR-10b,bta-miR-138,bta-miR-146b,bta-miR-19b,bta-miR-26a,bta-miR-34a,bta-miR-449a,bta-miR-495 and btamiR-7),previously identified in testis and/or epididymis,was evaluated with RT-qPCR.The cel-miR-39-3p was used as a spike-in exogenous control.Nonparametric Mann–Whitney tests were run to evaluate which miRNAs were differentially expressed between bulls with high fertility[HF;non-return rates(NRR)ranging from 39.5 to 43.5]and those with subfertility(SF;NRR ranging from 33.3 to 39.3).Several sperm functionality parameters(e.g.,viability,membrane stability or oxygen consumption,among others)were measured by multiplexing flow cytometry and oxygen sensing technologies.Results RNA concentration and purity(260/280 nm ratio)(mean±SD)from the 29 samples were 99.3±84.6 ng/μL and 1.97±0.72,respectively.Bioanalyzer results confirmed the lack of RNA from somatic cells.In terms of the presence or absence of miRNAs,and after applying the Livak method,8 out of 10 miRNAs(bta-miR-10b,-138,-146b,-19b,-26a,-449a,-495,-7)were consistently detected in bovine sperm,whereas the other two(bta-miR-10a,and-34a)were absent.Interestingly,the relative expression of one miRNA(bta-miR-138)in sperm was significantly lower in the SF than in the HF group(P=0.038).In addition to being associated to fertility potential,the presence of this miRNA was found to be negatively correlated with sperm oxygen consumption.The expression of three other miRNAs(bta-miR-19b,bta-miR-26a and bta-miR-7)was also correlated with sperm function variables.Conclusions In conclusion,although functional validation studies are required to confirm these results,this study suggests that sperm bta-miR-138 is involved in fertilization events and beyond,and supports its use as a fertility biomarker in cattle.展开更多
Melatonin(N-acetyl-5 methoxytryptamine)is an indolic compound present in almost all fungi,plants,and animals.This neurohormone is synthesized and secreted into the internal environment mainly by the pineal gland,prese...Melatonin(N-acetyl-5 methoxytryptamine)is an indolic compound present in almost all fungi,plants,and animals.This neurohormone is synthesized and secreted into the internal environment mainly by the pineal gland,present in most vertebrates.Non-endocrine extrapineal locations have not been documented.This molecule with pleiotropic bioactions regulates the circadian rhythm,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,immunostimulant,cardioprotective,antidiabetic,antiobesity,neuroprotective,and antiaging actions.Furthermore,in recent years,many studies have described the key role of melatonin in the prevention and development of cancer.The objective of this narrative review is to describe the different mechanisms through which melatonin exerts its action as an adjuvant in the modulation of carcinogenesis.The general anticarcinogenic mechanisms include epigenetic control,modulation of cell proliferation,regulation of cell cycle,induction of apoptosis,and telomerase inhibition.Melatonin also exerts antiestrogenic activity,which is particularly significant in hormone-dependent tumors,regulating the expression and transactivation of the estrogen receptor,and modulating the enzymes involved in the local synthesis of estrogens.Modulation of metastasis by melatonin includes increased expression of cell adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin andβ1-integrin,inhibition of angiogenesis,and control of fat metabolism by inhibiting the uptake of fatty acids by membrane transporters.Finally,immunomodulatory properties include enhanced production of anti-inflammatory interleukins and other cytokines in lymphocytes and monocytes and modulation of antioxidant activity by neutralizing free radicals.Despite all the mentioned properties,the use of melatonin in daily clinical practice is very limited,and additional studies are needed to better establish the role of this hormone in oncological clinical applications against different types of cancer.展开更多
基金funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation and Universities(AEI/FEDER,UE)with the project Hortbiosol(TED2021-130783B-C21)the National Institute of Health CarlosⅢ,ISCⅢ,with the project CIBEROBN+2 种基金the Generalitat de Catalunya(GC)+European Funds of Rural Development 56301262021 P4 Regensol demonstration projectINSA-UB is María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence(Grant CEX2021-001234-M funded by MICIN/AEI/FEDER,UE)the National Scholarship Program of Paraguay“Carlos Antonio Lo pez”(BECAL 183/2021)。
文摘This study investigated the short-term effects of woody residues and compost on Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes(OFSP)focusing on plant growth,storage root production,and bioactive compounds.Conducted in a commercial orchard,the experiment compared different organic fertilization treatments with a control.Four treatments were established:Treatment 1(T1)received compost fertilization;Treatment 2,control,(T2)had no fertilization;and Treatments 3(T3)and 4(T4)were fertilized with high(15 kg·m^(-2))and low(7.5 kg·m^(-2))doses of woody plant residues,respectively.Although woody residue application initially hampered plant growth,it ultimately enhanced biological nitrogen fixation,phosphorus availability,and reduced stress and senescence.Agronomic production did not differ between the compost and woody residue treatments but was increased at the high woody residue dose compared to control.At late growth stages,ascorbic acid decreased in all treatments.At this time,the total phenolic content in storage roots remained high in the woody residue treatments.Conversely,compost reduced the bioactive compounds,without affecting growth,potentially due to oxidative stress in late growth stages.The lower crop senescence index and comparable agronomic production to the compost treatment suggest that woody residues were beneficial for OFSP growth and bioactive composition.The superior quality of the tuberous roots produced with woody residues indicates that this is an effective organic fertilization method for sweet potato production that can contribute to its resilience to environmental variations.
基金supported through the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program(818318)。
文摘Deep phenotyping and genetic characterization of individuals are fundamental to assessing the metabolic status and determining nutrition-specific requirements.This study aimed to ascertain the utmost effectiveness of personalized interventions by aligning dietary adjustments with both the genotype and metabolotype of individuals.Therefore,we assessed here the usefulness of a polygenic score(PGS)characterizing a potential pro-inflammatory profile(PGSi)as a nutrigenetic tool to discern individuals from the Danish PREVENTOMICS cohort that could better respond to precision nutrition(PN)plans,specifically targeted at counteracting the low-grade inflammatory profile typically found in obesity.The cohort followed a PN plan to counteract the pro-inflammatory profile(PNi group)or generic dietary recommendations(Control)for 10 weeks.PGSi was applied for genetic stratification(Low/High).The effects of the intervention on anthropometrics and biomarkers related to inflammatory profile and carbohydrate metabolism were assessed.Around 30%of subjects had a high genetic predisposition to pro-inflammatory status(high-PGSi).These individuals demonstrated the most effective response to the dietary plan,experiencing improved body composition,with significant decreases in body weight(∆:-4.84%;P=0.039)and body fat(∆:-4.86%;P=0.007),and beneficial changes in pro-and anti-inflammatory biomarkers,with significant increases in IL-10(∆:71.3%;P=0.025)and decreases in TNF-α(∆:-3.0%;P=0.048),CRP(∆:-31.1%),ICAM1(∆:-5.8%),and MCP1(∆:-4.2%)circulating levels,compared to low-PGSi individuals.Both phenotypic and genetic stratification contributed to a better understanding of metabolic heterogeneity in response to diet.This approach allows for refinement of the prediction of individual requirements and potentially for better management of obesity.
基金funded by the Spanish Ministry of Culture and Sport,Consejo Superior de Deportes,Plan de Recuperación,Transformación y Resiliencia,Unión Europea,Next Generation EUAyudas Europeas a Proyectos de Investigaci on Aplicada a la Actividad Física Beneficiosa para la Salud y la Medicina Deportiva(EXP_77437)+9 种基金by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(PID2022-141506OB-I00)the European Regional Development Funds(ERDF)by the University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigación-Excellence actions:Unit of Excellence on Exercise Nutrition and Health(UCEENS)supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education,Culture and Sport(FPU19/03745 and FPU20/05530,respectively)supported by the Juan de la Cierva Formación Grant FJC2020-044453-I funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci on/Agencia Estatal de Investigaci on MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033European Union Next Generation,Plan de Recuperación,Transformación y Resilencia(EU/PRTR)“Ramón y Cajal fellowship 2013-2017”funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and“El Fondo Social Europeo invierte en tu futuro”partially supported by the Grant PID2020-114054RA-I001001100482funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033supported by a grant from the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033,Spain,and the ERDF(PID2021-126788OB-I00).
文摘Background:Mammalian cells possess molecular clocks,the adequate functioning of which is decisive for metabolic health.Exercise is known to modulate these clocks,potentially having distinct effects on metabolism depending on the time of day.This study aimed to investigate the impact of morning vs.evening moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on glucose regulation and energy metabolism in healthy men and women.It also aimed to elucidate molecular mechanisms within skeletal muscle.Methods:Using a randomized crossover design,healthy men(n=18)and women(n=17)performed a 60-min bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in the morning and evening.Glucose regulation was continuously monitored starting 24 h prior to the exercise day and continuing until 48 h post-exercise for each experimental condition.Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry during exercise and at rest before and after exercise for 30 min.Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected immediately before and after exercise to assess mitochondrial function,transcriptome,and mitochondrial proteome.Results:Results indicated similar systemic glucose,energy expenditure,and substrate oxidation during and after exercise in both sexes.Notably,transcriptional analysis,mitochondrial function,and mitochondrial proteomics revealed marked sexual dimorphism and time of day variations.Conclusion:The sexual dimorphism and time of day variations observed in the skeletal muscle in response to exercise may translate into observable systemic effects with higher exercise-intensity or chronic exercise interventions.This study provides a foundational molecular framework for precise exercise prescription in the clinical setting.
基金supported by a grant from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie(Grant agreement No.101028929)supported by an Investigator Grant from the Medical Research Future Fund(MRF1193862)supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship.
文摘Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold standara")and estimated CRF is clinically relevant because estimated CRF is more feasible.Our objective was to meta-analyze cohort studies to compare the associations of objectively measured,exerciseestimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality in adults.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 9 databases(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Scopus,PsycINFO,Web of Science,PubMed,CINAHL,and the Cochrane Library)up to April 11,2024.We included full-text refereed cohort studies published in English that quantified the association(using risk estimates with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs))of objectively measured,exercise-estimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.CRF was expressed as metabolic equivalents(METs)of task.Pooled relative risks(RR)for all-cause and CVD mortality per 1-MET(3.5 mL/kg/min)higher level of CRF were quantified using random-effects models.Results:Forty-two studies representing 35 cohorts and 3,813,484 observations(81%male)(362,771 all-cause and 56,471 CVD deaths)were included.The pooled RRs for all-cause and CVD mortality per higher MET were 0.86(95%CI:0.83-0.88)and 0.84(95%CI:0.80-0.87),respectively.For both all-cause and CVD mortality,there were no statistically significant differences in RR per higher MET between objectively measured(RR range:0.86-0.90)and maximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.85-0.86),submaximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.91-0.94),and non-exercise-estimated CRF(RR range:0.81-0.85).Conclusion:Objectively measured and estimated CRF showed similar dose-response associations for all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.Estimated CRF could provide a practical and robust alternative to objectively measured CRF for assessing mortality risk across diverse populations.Our findings underscore the health-related benefits of higher CRF and advocate for its integration into clinical practice to enhance risk stratification.
基金supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement(No.101028929)BJFis supported by National Heart Foundation of Australia Postdoc-toral Fellowship(No.106588)+1 种基金BG is supported by Australian Government Research Training Program ScholarshipDPLis supported by Clive Kearon Award,McMaster University.Additional funding information can be found in Supplemen-tary Funding.
文摘Background:Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability.Handgrip strength(HGS)using isometric dynamometry is a convenient,feasible,and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages.While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries,no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international norms.The objective of this study was to generate international sex-and age-specific norms for absolute and body size-normalized HGS across the adult lifespan.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 6 databases/web search engines(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL,and Google Scholar)up to December 1,2023.We included full-text peer-reviewed observational studies that reported normative HGS data for adults aged ≥20 years by sex and age.Pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation following harmonization for methodo-logical variation.Population-weighted Generalized Additive Models for Location,Scale,and Shape were used to develop sex-and age-specific norms for absolute HGS(kg)and HGS normalized by height(Ht,m)squared(i.e.,HGS/Ht^(2)in kg/m^(2)).Norms were tabulated as percentile values(5th to 95th)and visualized as smoothed percentile curves.Results:We included data from 100 unique observational studies representing 2,405,863 adults(51.9%female)aged 20 to 100+years from 69 countries and regions tested from the year 2000 onward.On average,absolute and normalized HGS values negligibly improved throughout early adulthood,peaked from age 3039 years(at 49.7 kg(males)and 29.7 kg(females)for absolute HGS or 16.3 kg/m^(2)(males)and 11.3 kg/m^(2)(females)for HGS/Ht^(2)),and declined afterwards.The age-related decline in HGS accelerated from middle to late adulthood and was slightly larger for males than for females during middle adulthood.Conclusion:This study provides the world’s largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for adult HGS by sex and age.These norms have utility for global peer-comparisons,health screening,and surveillance.
基金supported by the Grant PID2020-120249RB-I00PID2023-148404OB-100funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033+4 种基金by the Andalusian Government(Junta de Andalucía,Plan Andaluz de Investigación,ref.P20_00124)by the Erasmus+Sport Programme of the European Union within the project FitBack4Literacy(No.101089829)Additional support is provided by the University of Granada,Plan Propio de Inves-tigación,Units of ExcellenceUnit of Excellence on Exercise,Nutrition and Health(UCEENS)by theCIBERobn Physiopa-thology of Obesity and Nutrition,and by the Spanish Network in Exercise and Health,EXERNET Network(RED2022-134800-Tand EXP_99828).
文摘Background:Physicalfitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health.However,inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit international monitoring and surveillance.The objective of the study was to seek international consensus on a proposed,evidence-informed,Youth Fitness International Test(YFIT)battery and protocols for health monitoring and surveillance in children and adolescents aged 618 years.Methods:We conducted an international modified Delphi study to evaluate the level of agreement with a proposed,evidence-based,YFIT of core health-relatedfitness tests and protocols to be used worldwide in 6-to 18-year-olds.This proposal was based on previous European and North American projects that systematically reviewed the existing evidence to identify the most valid,reliable,health-related,safe,and feasiblefitness tests to be used in children and adolescents aged 618 years.We designed a single-panel modified Delphi study and invited 216 experts from all around the world to answer this Delphi survey,of whom one-third are from low-to-middle income countries and one-third are women.Four experts were involved in the piloting of the survey and did not participate in the main Delphi study to avoid bias.We pre-defined an agreement of 80%among the expert participants to achieve consensus.Results:We obtained a high response rate(78%)with a total of 169fitness experts from 50 countries and territories,including 63 women and 61 experts from low-or middle-income countries/territories.Consensus(>85%agreement)was achieved for all proposed tests and protocols,supporting the YFIT battery,which includes weight and height(to compute body mass index as a proxy of body size/composition),the 20-m shuttle run(cardiorespiratoryfitness),handgrip strength,and standing long jump(muscularfitness).Conclusion:This study contributes to standardizingfitness tests and protocols used for research,monitoring,and surveillance across the world,which will allow for future data pooling and the development of international and regional sex-and age-specific reference values,health-related cut-points,and a global picture offitness among children and adolescents.
基金support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(Ref:PID2020-117302RA-I00)La Caixa Foundation(Ref:LCF/BQ/PR19/11700007)+3 种基金the University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigación 2021-Excellence actions:Unit of Excellence on Exercise,Nutrition,and Health(UCEENS)and by CIBEROBN,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red(CB22/3/00058)Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea-European Regional Development FundAMP was also recipient of a predoctoral fellowship(FPU20/05530)by the Spanish Ministry of Education,Culture and SportEUG was supported by the Maria Zambrano fellowship by the Ministerio de Universidades y la Unión Europea-NextGenerationEU.
文摘Background Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk of muscle weakness and low areal bone mineral density(aBMD).However,the prevalence of muscle strength deficits is not well documented,and the associations of muscle strength with aBMD are unknown in this population.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper-and lower-body muscle strength deficits and to examine the associations of upper-and lower-body muscle strength with age-,sex,and race-specific aBMD Z-scores at the total body,total hip,femoral neck,and lumbar spine.Methods This cross-sectional study included 116 pediatric cancer survivors(12.1±3.3 years old,mean±SD;42.2%female).Upper-and lower-body muscle strength were assessed by handgrip and standing long jump test,respectively.Dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD(g/cm2).Associations between muscle strength and aBMD were evaluated in multivariable linear regression models.Logistic regression was used to evaluate the contribution of muscle strength(1-decile lower)to the odds of having low aBMD(Z-score≤1.0).All analyses were adjusted for time from treatment completion,radiotherapy exposure,and body mass index.Results More than one-half of survivors were within the 2 lowest deciles for upper-(56.9%)and lower-body muscle strength(60.0%)in comparison to age-and sex-specific reference values.Muscle strength deficits were associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites(B=0.133–0.258,p=0.001–0.032).Each 1-decile lower in upper-body muscle strength was associated with 30%–95%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at all sites.Each 1-decile lower in lower-body muscle strength was associated with 35%–70%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at total body,total hip,and femoral neck.Conclusion Muscle strength deficits are prevalent in young pediatric cancer survivors,and such deficits are associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites.These results suggest that interventions designed to improve muscle strength in this vulnerable population may have the added benefit of improving aBMD.
基金supported by the CICYT(AGL2016-75329-R PID2020-114022RB-I00)CIBEROBN from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III,ISCIII from the Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades(AEI/FEDER,UE)Generalitat de Catalunya(GC)(2017SGR 196).
文摘With increasing life expectancy,neurodegenerative diseases have become one of the leading causes of illhealth in the elderly.Preventive strategies include following healthy diets,such as the Mediterranean diet,which is particularly rich in polyphenols,bioactive compounds with neuroprotective properties.The aim of this study was to assess the association of microbial phenolic metabolites(MPM)with cognition.This cross-sectional analysis was performed with 200 participants of the PREDIMED trial(Barcelona-Clinic recruitment center).A novel method based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to identify urinary MPM(protocatechuic acid,enterodiol glucuronide,enterolactone glucuronide,urolithin B glucuronide,and vanillic acid glucuronide),and cognitive function was evaluated with neuropsychological tests.Multivariable-adjusted ordinary least squares regression was used to assess the associations between cognitive function and MPM,and a score was calculated as the weighted sum of MPM.A higher MPM score was associated with better frontal lobe function.Among individual metabolites,vanillic acid glucuronide was correlated with frontal cognitive performance.Participants with higher concentrations of vanillic acid glucuronide and urolithin B glucuronide obtained better scores in the Color Trail Test part 2.A higher score for urinary multiMPM was associated with better frontal cognitive performance in an older Mediterranean population.
基金supported by the SHE Foundation,“la Caixa”Foundation(LCF/PR/CE16/10700001)the Fundacióla Maratóde TV3(grant number 369/C/2016)and by the funding from Idilia Foods(FBG 311240)+6 种基金Support was also provided by the Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades(PID2020-114022RB-I00)CIBEROBN from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III,ISCIII from the Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades,(AEI/FEDER,UE)Generalitat de Catalunya.J.Martínez-Gómez is a postgraduate fellow of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain at the Residencia de Estudiantes(2020–ongoing)R.F-J is a recipient of grant PI19/01704 funded by the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria-Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund“A way to make Europe”/“Investing in your future”.The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII,the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación(MCIN)and the Pro CNIC Foundation,and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence(CEX2020-001041-S funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)G.Santos-Beneit is the recipient of grant LCF/PR/MS19/12220001 funded by“la Caixa”Foundation(ID 100010434)A.Tresserra-Rimbau is a Serra Húnter Fellow.E.P.Laveriano-Santos is a FI-SDUR(EMC/503/2021)fellow from the Generalitat de Catalunya.
文摘The protective role of(poly)phenols against metabolic disorders has been extensively studied in adults but not in adolescents.To assess associations of dietary(poly)phenols and their subclasses with cardiometabolic health parameters in adolescents.A cross-sectional study was conducted in 944 individuals aged 11–14 years enrolled in the SI!Program for Secondary Schools trial(NCT03504059).(Poly)phenol intake was assessed using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires and the Phenol-Explorer database.The measured cardiometabolic parameters were waist circumference(WC)age-sex Z-score,blood pressure(BP)age-sex Z-score,blood glucose(BG),triglycerides(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c).Multilevel mixedeffect linear regression models were applied to examine the association between(poly)phenol quintiles and cardiometabolic health parameters.Compared to the lowest quintile,adolescents in the highest quintile of total(poly)phenol intake had lower WC Z-scores,mean arterial pressure Z-scores,and HDL-c after multivariable adjustment.The WC Z-scores and HDL-c were lower in the highest quintile of flavonoid intake compared to the lowest quintile.The highest quintile of phenolic acid intake was associated with a lower WC Z-score and TG levels,and the highest quintile of stilbene intake with lower BG and TG,and with higher HDL-c compared to the lowest quintile.A higher intake of(poly)phenols,especially flavonoids,phenolic acids,and stilbenes,was associated with better cardiometabolic parameters in adolescents.
基金funded by the Ramón Areces Foundation.IEC is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(RYC2019-027287-I)the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness(RTI2018-095284-J-100)+1 种基金supported by a grant from ANID/BECAS Chile(Grant No.72180543)through a Margarita Salas grant from the Spanish Ministry Universities。
文摘Background:One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta(Aβ).Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk,and one potential path could be through Aβlevels modulation.We aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and Aβin middle-aged and older adults.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,PsycINFO,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and SPORTDiscus was performed from inception to April 28,2022.Studies were eligible if they included physical activity and Aβdata in adults aged 45 years or older.Multi-level metaanalyses of intervention and observational studies were performed to examine the role of physical activity in modulating Aβlevels.Results:In total,37 articles were included(8 randomized controlled trials,3 non-randomized controlled trials,4 prospective longitudinal studies,and 22 cross-sectional studies).The overall effect size of physical activity interventions on changes in blood Aβwas medium(pooled standardized mean difference=-0.69,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.41 to 0.03;I^(2)=74.6%).However,these results were not statistically significant,and there were not enough studies to explore the effects of physical activity on cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and brain Aβ.Data from observational studies were examined based on measurements of Aβin the brain using positron emission tomography scans,CSF,and blood.Higher physical activity was positively associated with Aβonly in the CSF(Estimate r=0.12;95%CI:0.05-0.18;I^(2)=38.00%).Conclusion:Physical activity might moderately reduce blood Aβin middle-aged and older adults.However,results were only near statistical significance and might be interpreted with caution given the methodological limitations observed in some of the included studies.In observational studies,higher levels of physical activity were positively associated with Aβonly in CSF.Therefore,further research is needed to understand the modulating role of physical activity in the brain,CSF,and blood Aβ,as well as its implication for cognitive health.
基金funded by Spanish‘Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad’‘Plan Nacional I+D+i 2008–2011(Project DEP DEP2011-29093)’and the“Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional”(MICINN-FEDER)for supporting this project.
文摘Purpose To determine the association between lower-body strength and lower-body power capacities with sprint swimming performance in adolescent competitive swimmers.Methods A total of 44 front crawl swimmers(27 males and 17 females)performed anthropometric assessments,lower-body strength tests(half squat maximum isometric strength,dynamic half squat with 20,30 and 40%of the maximum isometric strength,and knee extension maximum isometric strength)and lower-body power tests(squat jump[SJ],countermovement jump[CMJ]and Abalakov jump).Further front crawl swimming best times in 50 and 100 m were recorded from official swimming competitions and front crawl technique was assessed by an experienced coach using a visual analogue scale.Results Swimming performance was correlated with lower-body power variables(SJ[r=−0.573 for 50 m and−0.642 for 100 m],CMJ[r=−0.497 for 50 m and−0.544 for 100 m],and Abalakov jump[r=−0.452 for 50 m and−0.415 for 100 m];p≤0.05)and lower-body strength(half squat maximum isometric strength[r=−0.430 for 50 m and−0.443 for 100 m];p≤0.05)in males but not in females.Further linear regression models showed that only lower-body power predicted both 50 m(Abalakov jump;r^(2)=0.58;change in r^(2)=0.18)and 100 m(SJ;r^(2)=0.66;change in r^(2)=0.15)performance in male swimmers.Conclusions This study emphasizes the greater association between lower-body power and sprint front crawl performance in adolescent males compared to females.Practical tests(i.e.,SJ and Abalakov jump)are shown to predict front crawl swimming performance,which may facilitate the performance control by coaches and trainers.
文摘Sleeve gastrectomy(SG) is a restrictive bariatric surgery technique that was first used as part of restrictive horizontal gastrectomy in the original Scopinaro type biliopancreatic diversion. Its good results as a single technique have led to a rise in its use, and it is currently the second most performed technique worldwide. SG achieves clearly better results than other restrictive techniques and is comparable in some aspects to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, the current gold standard in bariatric surgery. These benefits have been associated with different pathophysiologic mechanisms unrelated to weight loss such as increased gastric emptying and intestinal transit, and activation of hormonal mechanisms such as increased GLP-1 hormone and decreased ghrelin. The aim of this review was to highlight the salient aspects of SG regarding its historical evolution, pathophysiologic mechanisms, main results, clinical applications and perioperative complications.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease covers a wide spectrum of liver pathologies which range from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.Polyphenols are members of a very large family of plant-derived compounds that can have beneficial effects on human health,and thus their study has become an increasingly important area of human nutrition research.The aim of the present review is to compile published data concerning the effects of both isolated polyphenols as well as polyphenol extracts,on hepatocyte and liver fat accumulation under different steatosis-inducing conditions.The results reported clearly show that this group of biomolecules is able to reduce fat accumulation,but further studies are needed to establish the optimal dose and treatment period length.With regard to the potential mechanisms of action,there is a good consensus.The anti-lipidogenic effect of polyphenols is mainly due to reduced fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis,increased in fatty acid oxidation,and reduced of oxidative stress and inflammation.As a general conclusion,it can be stated that polyphenols are biomolecules which produce hepatoprotective effects.To date,these beneficial effects have been demonstrated in cultured cells and animal models.Thus,studies performed in humans are needed before these molecules can be considered as truly useful tools in the prevention of liver steatosis.
文摘Life expectancy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is reduced compared to the general population owing to an increase in cardiovascular diseases(CVD)not fully explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors.In recent years,interest has been focused on the alterations in lipid metabolism in relation to chronic inflammation as one of the possible mechanisms involvedin the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis of RA patients.Research regarding this issue has revealed quantitative alterations in lipoproteins during the acute-phase reaction,and has also demonstrated structural alterations in these lipoproteins which affect their functional abilities.Although many alterations in lipid metabolism have been described in this regard,these structural changes associated with inflammation are particularly important in high-density lipoproteins as they affect their cardioprotective functions.In this respect,excessive oxidation in low-density lipoprotein(LDL)and increased lipoprotein(a)with a predominance of smaller apolipoprotein(a)isoforms has also been reported.This article will discuss proinflammatory high-density lipoproteins(pi HDL),oxidized LDL and lipoprotein(a).Elevated concentrations of these lipoproteins with marked pro-atherogenic properties have been observed in RA patients,which could help to explain the increased cardiovascular risk of these patients.
基金The authors wish to thank all the study participants for their collaboration.The research group belongs to the“Centros de Investigacion en Red”(CIBERobn,of the“Instituto de Salud Carlos III).MMV was supported by a“Rio Hortega”grant from“Instituto de Salud Carlos III,”Madrid,Spain(CM18/00120)JCFG was supported by a research contract from Servicio Andaluz de Salud(SAS,B-0003-2017)+2 种基金FCD and LGS were supported by Nicolas Monardes(C-0032-2016,C-0028-2018)from Consejeria de Salud,cofunded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER,Madrid,SpainDCC by FPU(FPU13/04211)from Ministerio de Educacion,Cultura y DeporteThis work was supported in part by a grant from Servicio Andaluz de Salud(PI-0173-2013).
文摘Erectile dysfunction(ED),a condition closely related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality,is frequently associated with obesity.In this study,we aimed to determine the prevalence of ED and evaluate the associated risk factors in a cohort of 254 young(18–49 years)nondiabetic obese(body mass index[BMI]≥30 kg m−2)men from primary care.Erectile function(International Index of Erectile Function[IIEF-5]questionnaire),quality of life(Aging Males'Symptoms[AMS scale]),and body composition analysis(Tanita MC-180MA)were determined.Total testosterone was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the factors associated with ED.ED prevalence was 42.1%.Subjects with ED presented higher BMI,waist circumference,number of components of the metabolic syndrome,AMS score,insulin resistance,and a more unfavorable body composition than those without ED.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a pathological AMS score(odds ratio[OR]:4.238,P<0.001),degree of obesity(BMI≥40 kg m−2,OR:2.602,P=0.005,compared with BMI 30–34.9 kg m−2),high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol levels(OR:0.956,P=0.004),and age(OR:1.047,P=0.016)were factors independently associated with ED.In conclusion,we demonstrate that,in a primary care-based cohort of nondiabetic young obese men,ED affected>40%of subjects.A pathological AMS score,the degree of obesity,and age were positively associated with ED,while elevated HDL-cholesterol levels were inversely associated with the odds of presenting ED.Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the long-term consequences of ED in this population.
文摘Objective: Few studies have related nutritional factors with quality of life in healthy populations. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between commercial bakery, fast food or soft drinks consumption and mental and physical quality of life. Study Design: This analysis included 8335 participants from the 'Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra' (SUN) Project (a multipurpose, dynamic cohort). Methods: The consumption of commercial bakery, fast food and soft drinks was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline. Quality of life was measured after 4 years of follow-up with the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey. Generalized Linear Models were fit to assess the regression coefficients (b) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between commercial bakery, fast food and soft drinks consumption and each domain and the two standardized measures of the SF-36. Results: As compared to the participants in the lowest quintile of consumption, those participants in the highest quintile of consumption of commercial bakery, fast food and soft drinks showed a score significantly lower (>2 points) for vitality (b = -2.14, 95% CI = -3.31 to -0.96), role emotional (b = -2.23, 95% CI = -4.33 to -0.13), and role physical (b = -2.31, 95% IC = -4.26 to -0.36) domains with statistically significant dose-response relationships (p for trend < 0.05). When the food groups were analysed separately, significant inverse associations were found only for commercial bakery and fast-food consumption. Conclusions: The results suggest that high consumption of commercial bakery, fast-food and soft drinks at baseline was associated with worse scores on self-perceived quality of life. This association was stronger for the mental domains of the SF-36.
文摘This short review comments on the recently published work of Ishimoto et al regarding the opposing effects of fructokinase C and A isoforms on fructoseinduced metabolic syndrome in mice. The framework for the commentary is the preexisting background of epidemiological and experimental data regarding the association between ingestion of fructose, as present in sweetened beverages, and the development of metabolic syndrome. The work of Ishimoto et al clearly confirms the negative effect of fructose on lipid and glucose metabolism, independently from the amount of energy provided by the ingested sugar. It also confirms the absolute requirement of liver fructose metabolism, driven by fructokinase activity, in order to develop the full spectrum of metabolic syndrome alterations.
基金the Ministry of Science and Innovation,Spain(IJC2019-039615-I and PID2020-113320RB-I00)the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation scheme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No.801342(Techniospring INDUSTRY+2 种基金TECSPR-19-1-0003)the Regional Government of Catalonia(2017-SGR-1229 and 2021-SGR-00900)the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA).
文摘Background MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small,single-stranded,non-coding RNA molecules of 22–24 nucleotides that regulate gene expression.In the last decade,miRNAs have been described in sperm of several mammals,including cattle.It is known that miRNAs can act as key gene regulators of early embryogenesis in mice and humans;however,little is known about the content,expression,and function of sperm-borne miRNAs in early bovine embryo.In this study,total sperm RNA was isolated from 29 cryopreserved sperm samples(each coming from a separate bull)using a RNeasy kit and treatment with DNase I.RNA concentration and purity were determined through an Epoch spectrophotometer and an Agilent Bioanalyzer.The expression of 10 candidate miRNAs in bovine sperm(bta-miR-10a,bta-miR-10b,bta-miR-138,bta-miR-146b,bta-miR-19b,bta-miR-26a,bta-miR-34a,bta-miR-449a,bta-miR-495 and btamiR-7),previously identified in testis and/or epididymis,was evaluated with RT-qPCR.The cel-miR-39-3p was used as a spike-in exogenous control.Nonparametric Mann–Whitney tests were run to evaluate which miRNAs were differentially expressed between bulls with high fertility[HF;non-return rates(NRR)ranging from 39.5 to 43.5]and those with subfertility(SF;NRR ranging from 33.3 to 39.3).Several sperm functionality parameters(e.g.,viability,membrane stability or oxygen consumption,among others)were measured by multiplexing flow cytometry and oxygen sensing technologies.Results RNA concentration and purity(260/280 nm ratio)(mean±SD)from the 29 samples were 99.3±84.6 ng/μL and 1.97±0.72,respectively.Bioanalyzer results confirmed the lack of RNA from somatic cells.In terms of the presence or absence of miRNAs,and after applying the Livak method,8 out of 10 miRNAs(bta-miR-10b,-138,-146b,-19b,-26a,-449a,-495,-7)were consistently detected in bovine sperm,whereas the other two(bta-miR-10a,and-34a)were absent.Interestingly,the relative expression of one miRNA(bta-miR-138)in sperm was significantly lower in the SF than in the HF group(P=0.038).In addition to being associated to fertility potential,the presence of this miRNA was found to be negatively correlated with sperm oxygen consumption.The expression of three other miRNAs(bta-miR-19b,bta-miR-26a and bta-miR-7)was also correlated with sperm function variables.Conclusions In conclusion,although functional validation studies are required to confirm these results,this study suggests that sperm bta-miR-138 is involved in fertilization events and beyond,and supports its use as a fertility biomarker in cattle.
基金financed by the Department of Education of the Junta de Castilla-León and the European Regional Development Fund(FEDER)by TCUE Plan 2021-2023,134/2021,within the research project“Application of Genomics through the Study of Genetic polymorphisms in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases in older adult patients”,(grant nos.SO002P23).
文摘Melatonin(N-acetyl-5 methoxytryptamine)is an indolic compound present in almost all fungi,plants,and animals.This neurohormone is synthesized and secreted into the internal environment mainly by the pineal gland,present in most vertebrates.Non-endocrine extrapineal locations have not been documented.This molecule with pleiotropic bioactions regulates the circadian rhythm,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,immunostimulant,cardioprotective,antidiabetic,antiobesity,neuroprotective,and antiaging actions.Furthermore,in recent years,many studies have described the key role of melatonin in the prevention and development of cancer.The objective of this narrative review is to describe the different mechanisms through which melatonin exerts its action as an adjuvant in the modulation of carcinogenesis.The general anticarcinogenic mechanisms include epigenetic control,modulation of cell proliferation,regulation of cell cycle,induction of apoptosis,and telomerase inhibition.Melatonin also exerts antiestrogenic activity,which is particularly significant in hormone-dependent tumors,regulating the expression and transactivation of the estrogen receptor,and modulating the enzymes involved in the local synthesis of estrogens.Modulation of metastasis by melatonin includes increased expression of cell adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin andβ1-integrin,inhibition of angiogenesis,and control of fat metabolism by inhibiting the uptake of fatty acids by membrane transporters.Finally,immunomodulatory properties include enhanced production of anti-inflammatory interleukins and other cytokines in lymphocytes and monocytes and modulation of antioxidant activity by neutralizing free radicals.Despite all the mentioned properties,the use of melatonin in daily clinical practice is very limited,and additional studies are needed to better establish the role of this hormone in oncological clinical applications against different types of cancer.
