We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-...We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-2(SHANS2),a gas-filled recoil separator located at the China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements(CAFE2).In total,20 decay chains are attributed to ^(288)Mc and 1 decay chain is assigned to ^(287)Mc.The measured oa-decay properties of ^(287,288)Mc as well as its descendants are consistent with the known data.No additional decay chains originating from the 2n or 5n reaction channels were detected.The excitation function of the ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,3n)^(288)Mc reaction was measured at the cross-section level of picobarn,which indicates the promising capability for the study of heavy and superheavy nuclei at the facility.展开更多
Active matter is a non-equilibrium condensed system consisting of self-propelled particles capable of converting stored or ambient energy into collective motion.Typical active matter systems include cytoskeleton biopo...Active matter is a non-equilibrium condensed system consisting of self-propelled particles capable of converting stored or ambient energy into collective motion.Typical active matter systems include cytoskeleton biopolymers,swimming bacteria,artificial swimmers,and animal herds.In contrast to wet active matter,dry active matter is an active system characterized by the absence of significant hydrodynamic interactions and conserved momentum.In dry active matter,the role of surrounding fluids is providing viscous friction at low Reynolds numbers and can be neglected at high Reynolds numbers.This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent experimental,computational,and theoretical advances in understanding phase transitions and critical phenomena in dry aligning active matter,including polar particles,self-propelled rods,active nematics,and their chiral counterparts.Various ways of determining phase transition points as well as non-equilibrium phenomena,such as collective motion,cluster formation,and creation and annihilation of topological defects are reviewed.展开更多
The synthesis of superheavy nuclei remains a critical area of research in nuclear physics,with the aim of extending the periodic table and deepening our understanding of the properties of nuclei.This review provides a...The synthesis of superheavy nuclei remains a critical area of research in nuclear physics,with the aim of extending the periodic table and deepening our understanding of the properties of nuclei.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in superheavy nuclei synthesis,focusing on both the experimental and theoretical developments.We discuss the primary synthesis methods,including early fusion reactions with light nuclei,cold fusion reactions using lead and bismuth targets,and hot fusion reactions involving48Ca projectiles and actinide targets.In addition,we introduce the major experimental facilities and theoretical models currently employed worldwide.This review also summarizes the experimental plans and theoretical predictions for the synthesis of new superheavy elements.Furthermore,we discuss future directions,including the potential of employing heavier projectiles,radioactive beam-induced reactions,and multi-nucleon transfer reactions,which may offer new pathways for discovering unknown superheavy nuclei.展开更多
The future space-borne gravitational wave(GW)detectors would provide a promising probe for the new physics beyond the standard model that admits the first-order phase transitions.The predictions for the GW background ...The future space-borne gravitational wave(GW)detectors would provide a promising probe for the new physics beyond the standard model that admits the first-order phase transitions.The predictions for the GW background vary sensitively among different concrete particle physics models but also share a large degeneracy in the model buildings,which motivates an effective model description on the phase transition based on different patterns of the electroweak symmetry breaking(EWSB).In this paper,using the scalar N-plet model as a demonstration,we propose an effective classification for three different patterns of EWSB:(1)radiative symmetry breaking with classical scale invariance,(2)the Higgs mechanism in a generic scalar extension,and(3)higher-dimensional operators.We conclude that a strong first-order phase transition could be realized for(1)and(2)with a small quartic coupling and a small isospin of an additional N-plet field for the light scalar field model with and without the classical scale invariance,and(3)with a large mixing coupling between scalar fields and a large isospin of the N-plet field for the heavy scalar field model.展开更多
The 19th century saw significant advancements in thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases,with J.C.Maxwell and L.E.Boltzmann playing key roles in the development of statistical physics through their work on the ...The 19th century saw significant advancements in thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases,with J.C.Maxwell and L.E.Boltzmann playing key roles in the development of statistical physics through their work on the distribution of single-particle states.At the beginning of the 20th century,J.W.Gibbs established modern equilibrium statistical physics based on the statistical distribution of system microstates and the concept of ensembles.Subsequently,statistical physics expanded into the quantum and nonequilibrium domains.展开更多
We obtain for the first time the analytic two-loop four-point MHV lightlike form factor of the stress-tensor supermultiplet in planar N 4=SYM where the momentum q carried by the operator is taken to be massless.Remark...We obtain for the first time the analytic two-loop four-point MHV lightlike form factor of the stress-tensor supermultiplet in planar N 4=SYM where the momentum q carried by the operator is taken to be massless.Remarkably,we find that the two-loop result can be constrained uniquely by the infrared divergences and the collinear limits using the master-bootstrap method.Moreover,the remainder function depends only on three dual conformal invariant variables,which can be understood from a hidden dual conformal symmetry of the form factor arising in the lightlike limit of q.The symbol alphabet of the remainder contains only nine letters,which are closed under the action of the dihedral group D_(4).Based on the dual description in terms of periodic Wilson lines(null-wrapped polygons),we also consider a new OPE picture for the lightlike form factors and introduce a new form factor transition that corresponds to the three-point lightlike form factor.With the form factor results up to two loops,we make some all-loop predictions using the OPE picture.展开更多
Exotic hadrons,beyond the conventional quark model,have been discovered over the past two decades.Investigating these states can lead to a deeper understanding of the nonperturbative dynamics of the strong interaction...Exotic hadrons,beyond the conventional quark model,have been discovered over the past two decades.Investigating these states can lead to a deeper understanding of the nonperturbative dynamics of the strong interaction.In this review,we focus on the production of exotic hadrons in pp,PP^(-),and nuclear collisions.Experimental observations of light and hypernuclei as prototypes of hadronic molecules in heavy-ion collisions are also briefly discussed.展开更多
Quantum information processing based on Rydberg atoms emerged as a promising direction two decades ago.Recent experimental and theoretical progresses have shined exciting light on this avenue.In this concise review,we...Quantum information processing based on Rydberg atoms emerged as a promising direction two decades ago.Recent experimental and theoretical progresses have shined exciting light on this avenue.In this concise review,we will briefly introduce the basics of Rydberg atoms and their recent applications in associated areas of neutral atom quantum computation and simulation.We shall also include related discussions on quantum optics with Rydberg atomic ensembles,which are increasingly used to explore quantum computation and quantum simulation with photons.展开更多
With the development of radioactive-ion-beam facilities,many exotic phenomena have been discovered or predicted in the nuclei far from the stability line,including cluster structure,shell structure,deformed halo,and s...With the development of radioactive-ion-beam facilities,many exotic phenomena have been discovered or predicted in the nuclei far from the stability line,including cluster structure,shell structure,deformed halo,and shape decoupling effects.The study of exotic nuclear phenomena is at the frontier of nuclear physics nowadays.The covariant density functional theory(CDFT)is one of the most successful microscopic models in describing the structure of nuclei in almost the whole nuclear chart.Within the framework of CDFT,toward a proper treatment of deformation and weak binding,the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum(DRHBc)has been developed.In this contribution,we review the applications and extensions of the DRHBc theory to the study of exotic nuclei.The DRHBc theory has been used to investigate the deformed halos in B,C,Ne,Na,and Mg isotopes and the theoretical descriptions are reasonably consistent with available data.A DRHBc Mass Table Collaboration has been founded,aiming at a high precision nuclear mass table with deformation and continuum effects included,which is underway.By implementing the angular momentum projection based on the DRHBc theory,the rotational excitations of deformed halos have been investigated and it is shown that the deformed halos and shape decoupling effects also exist in the low-lying rotational excitation states of deformed halo nuclei.展开更多
The spectrum of hadronic molecules composed of heavy-antiheavy charmed hadrons has been obtained in our previous work.The potentials are constants at the leading order,which are estimated from resonance saturation.The...The spectrum of hadronic molecules composed of heavy-antiheavy charmed hadrons has been obtained in our previous work.The potentials are constants at the leading order,which are estimated from resonance saturation.The experimental candidates of hadronic molecules,say X(3872),Y(4260),three P_(c)states and P_(cs)(4459),fit the spectrum well.The success in describing the pattern of heavy-antiheavy hadronic molecules stimulates us to give more predictions for the heavy-heavy cases,which are less discussed in literature than the heavy-antiheavy ones.Given that the heavy-antiheavy hadronic molecules,several of which have strong experimental evidence,emerge from the dominant constant interaction from resonance saturation,we find that the existence of many heavy-heavy hadronic molecules is natural.Among these predicted heavy-heavy states we highlight the DD;molecule and the D^(*)∑_(c)^(*)molecules,which are the partners of the famous X(3872)and Pc states.Quite recently,LHCb collaboration reported a doubly charmed tetraquark state,T_(cc),which is in line with our results for the DD^(*)molecule.With the first experimental signal of this new kind of exotic states,the upcoming update of the LHCb experiment as well as other experiments will provide more chances of observing the heavy-heavy hadronic molecules.展开更多
In recent several years,the tensor force,one of the most important components of the nucleon-nucleon force,has been implemented in time-dependent density functional theories and it has been found to influence many asp...In recent several years,the tensor force,one of the most important components of the nucleon-nucleon force,has been implemented in time-dependent density functional theories and it has been found to influence many aspects of low-energy heavy-ion reactions,such as dissipation dynamics,sub-barrier fusions,and low-lying vibration states of colliding partners.Especially,the effects of tensor force on fusion reactions have been investigated from the internuclear potential to fusion crosssections systematically.In this work,we present a mini review on the recent progress on this topic.Considering the recent progress of low-energy reaction theories,we will also mention more possible effects of the tensor force on reaction dynamics.展开更多
We study the collapse dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate subjected to a sudden change of the scattering length to a negative value by adopting the self-consistent Gaussian state theory for mixed states.Compared to...We study the collapse dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate subjected to a sudden change of the scattering length to a negative value by adopting the self-consistent Gaussian state theory for mixed states.Compared to the Gross-Pitaevskii and the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approaches,both fluctuations and three-body loss are properly treated in our theory.We find a new type of collapse assisted by fluctuations that amplify the attractive interaction between atoms.Moreover,the calculation of the fluctuated atoms,the entropy,and the second-order correlation function showed that the collapsed gas significantly deviated from a pure state.展开更多
A modern computer system,based on the von Neumann architecture,is a complicated system with several interactive modular parts.It requires a thorough understanding of the physics of information storage,processing,prote...A modern computer system,based on the von Neumann architecture,is a complicated system with several interactive modular parts.It requires a thorough understanding of the physics of information storage,processing,protection,readout,etc.Quantum computing,as the most generic usage of quantum information,follows a hybrid architecture so far,namely,quantum algorithms are stored and controlled classically,and mainly the executions of them are quantum,leading to the so-called quantum processing units.Such a quantum-classical hybrid is constrained by its classical ingredients,and cannot reveal the computational power of a fully quantum computer system as conceived from the beginning of the field.Recently,the nature of quantum information has been further recognized,such as the no-programming and no-control theorems,and the unifying understandings of quantum algorithms and computing models.As a result,in this work,we propose a model of a universal quantum computer system,the quantum version of the von Neumann architecture.It uses ebits(i.e.Bell states)as elements of the quantum memory unit,and qubits as elements of the quantum control unit and processing unit.As a digital quantum system,its global configurations can be viewed as tensor-network states.Its universality is proved by the capability to execute quantum algorithms based on a program composition scheme via a universal quantum gate teleportation.It is also protected by the uncertainty principle,the fundamental law of quantum information,making it quantum-secure and distinct from the classical case.In particular,we introduce a few variants of quantum circuits,including the tailed,nested,and topological ones,to characterize the roles of quantum memory and control,which could also be of independent interest in other contexts.In all,our primary study demonstrates the manifold power of quantum information and paves the way for the creation of quantum computer systems in the near future.展开更多
We briefly survey several typical CP-conserving two-Higgs-doublet models(2HDMs)in light of current experiments.First we derive the masses and couplings of the mass eigenstates from the Lagrangians.Then we analyze the ...We briefly survey several typical CP-conserving two-Higgs-doublet models(2HDMs)in light of current experiments.First we derive the masses and couplings of the mass eigenstates from the Lagrangians.Then we analyze the constraints from theory and oblique electroweak parameters.Finally,we delineate the status of 2HDM in light of the LHC searches,the dark matter detections and the muon g-2 measurement.展开更多
To understand the intriguing many-body states and effects in the correlated quantum materials,inference of the microscopic effective Hamiltonian from experiments constitutes an important yet very challenging inverse p...To understand the intriguing many-body states and effects in the correlated quantum materials,inference of the microscopic effective Hamiltonian from experiments constitutes an important yet very challenging inverse problem.Here we propose an unbiased and efficient approach learning the effective Hamiltonian through the many-body analysis of the measured thermal data.Our approach combines the strategies including the automatic gradient and Bayesian optimization with the thermodynamics many-body solvers including the exact diagonalization and the tensor renormalization group methods.We showcase the accuracy and powerfulness of the Hamiltonian learning by applying it firstly to the thermal data generated from a given spin model,and then to realistic experimental data measured in the spin-chain compound copper nitrate and triangular-lattice magnet TmMgGaO_(4).The present automatic approach constitutes a unified framework of many-body thermal data analysis in the studies of quantum magnets and strongly correlated materials in general.展开更多
In space-based gravitational wave detection, the estimation of far-field wavefront error of the distorted beam is the precondition for the noise reduction. Zernike polynomials are used to describe the wavefront error ...In space-based gravitational wave detection, the estimation of far-field wavefront error of the distorted beam is the precondition for the noise reduction. Zernike polynomials are used to describe the wavefront error of the transmitted distorted beam. The propagation of a laser beam between two telescope apertures is calculated numerically. Far-field wavefront error is estimated with the absolute height of the peak-to-valley phase deviation between the distorted Gaussian beam and a reference distortion-free Gaussian beam. The results show that the pointing jitter is strongly related to the wavefront error. Furthermore, when the jitter decreases 10 times from 100 nrad to 10 nrad, the wavefront error reduces for more than an order of magnitude. In the analysis of multi-parameter minimization, the minimum of wavefront error tends to Z[5,3] Zernike in some parameter ranges. Some Zernikes have a strong correlation with the wavefront error of the received beam. When the aperture diameter increases at Z[5,3] Zernike, the wavefront error is not monotonic and has oscillation.Nevertheless, the wavefront error almost remains constant with the arm length increasing from 10-1Mkm to 10~3Mkm.When the arm length decreases for three orders of magnitude from 10-1Mkm to 10-4Mkm, the wavefront error has only an order of magnitude increasing. In the range of 10-4Mkm to 10~3Mkm, the lowest limit of the wavefront error is from 0.5 fm to 0.015 fm at Z[5,3] Zernike and 10 nrad jitter.展开更多
CP violation in the lepton sector, and other aspects of neutrino physics, are studied within a high scale supersymmetry model. In addition to the sneutrino vacuum expectation values(VEVs), the heavy vector-like triple...CP violation in the lepton sector, and other aspects of neutrino physics, are studied within a high scale supersymmetry model. In addition to the sneutrino vacuum expectation values(VEVs), the heavy vector-like triplet also contributes to neutrino masses. Phases of the VEVs of relevant fields, complex couplings, and Zino mass are considered.The approximate degeneracy of neutrino masses m_(ν1) and m_(ν2) can be naturally understood. The neutrino masses are then normal ordered, ～ 0.020 eV, 0.022 eV, and 0.054 eV. Large CP violation in neutrino oscillations is favored. The effective Majorana mass of the electron neutrino is about 0.02 eV.展开更多
How cells accomplish cell size homeostasis is a fascinating topic, and several cell size regulation mechanisms were proposed: timer, sizer, and adder. Recently the adder model has received a great deal of attention. A...How cells accomplish cell size homeostasis is a fascinating topic, and several cell size regulation mechanisms were proposed: timer, sizer, and adder. Recently the adder model has received a great deal of attention. Adder property was also found in the DNA replication cycle. This paper aims to explain the adder phenomenon both in the division-centric picture and replication-centric picture at the molecular level. We established a self-replication model, and the system reached a steady state quickly based on evolution rules. We collected tens of thousands of cells in the same trajectory and calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient between biological variables to decide which regulatory mechanism was adopted by cells. Our simulation results confirmed the double-adder mechanism. Chromosome replication initiation and cell division control are independent and regulated by respective proteins.Cell size homeostasis originates from division control and has nothing to do with replication initiation control. At a slow growth rate, the deviation from adder toward sizer comes from a significant division protein degradation rate when division protein is auto-inhibited. Our results indicated the two necessary conditions in the double-adder mechanism: one is balanced biosynthesis, and the other is that there is a protein trigger threshold to inspire DNA replication initiation and cell division. Our results give insight to the regulatory mechanism of cell size and instructive to synthetic biology.展开更多
In this work, we compare the impacts given by χ^2 statistics and Bayesian statistics. Bayesian statistics is a new statistical method proposed by [C. Ma, P. S. Corasaniti, and B. A. Bassett, arXiv:1603.08519[astro-ph...In this work, we compare the impacts given by χ^2 statistics and Bayesian statistics. Bayesian statistics is a new statistical method proposed by [C. Ma, P. S. Corasaniti, and B. A. Bassett, arXiv:1603.08519[astro-ph.CO](2016)]recently, which gives a fully account for the standard-candle parameter dependence of the data covariance matrix. For this two statistical methods, we explore the possible redshift-dependence of stretch-luminosity parameter α and colorluminosity parameter β by using redshift tomography. By constraining the ΛCDM model, we check the consistency of cosmology-fit results given by the SN sample of each redshift bin. We also adopt the linear parametrization to explore the possible evolution of α and β and the deceleration parameter q(z) for CPL, JBP, BA and Wang models. We find that:(i) Using the full JLA data, at high redshift α has a trend of decreasing at more than 1.5σ confidence level(CL),and β has a significant trend of decreasing at more than 19σ CL.(ii) Compared with χ^2 statistics(constant α, β) and Bayesian statistics(constant α, β), Bayesian statistics(linear α and β) yields a larger best-fit value of fractional matter density ?m0 from JLA+CMB+GC data, which is much closer to slightly deviates from the best-fit result given by other cosmological observations.(iii) The figure of merit(FoM) given by JLA+CMB+GC data from Bayesian statistics is also larger than the FoM from χ^2 statistics, which indicates that former statistics has a better accuracy.(iv) q(z) given by both statistical methods favor an eternal cosmic acceleration at 1σ CL.展开更多
Thermalization in many-body systems,especially with strong interactions,is a central question in physics.In this work,we present a novel framework for the thermalization of interacting wave systems,distinguishing betw...Thermalization in many-body systems,especially with strong interactions,is a central question in physics.In this work,we present a novel framework for the thermalization of interacting wave systems,distinguishing between trivial(no momentum exchange)and nontrivial interactions(significant energy redistribution).This distinction leads to a statistically equivalent model with weakened interactions.By applying this to FPUT-like models,we identify a unique double scaling of thermalization times.Crucially,our findings suggest the persistence of prethermalization in strong interactions.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (Contract Nos.2023YFA1606500,2024YFE0109800,and 2024YFE0110400)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB34010000)+5 种基金the Gansu Key Project of Science and Technology (Grant No.23ZDGA014)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (Grant No.2021B0301030006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12105328,W2412040,12475126,12422507,12035011,12375118,12435008,and W2412043)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-002)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos.2020409 and 2023439)the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No.25-42-00003)。
文摘We report the results of the experiment on synthesizing ^(287,288)Mc isotopes (Z=115) using the fusionevaporation reaction ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,4n,3n)^(287,288)Mc at the Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-2(SHANS2),a gas-filled recoil separator located at the China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements(CAFE2).In total,20 decay chains are attributed to ^(288)Mc and 1 decay chain is assigned to ^(287)Mc.The measured oa-decay properties of ^(287,288)Mc as well as its descendants are consistent with the known data.No additional decay chains originating from the 2n or 5n reaction channels were detected.The excitation function of the ^(243)Am(^(48)Ca,3n)^(288)Mc reaction was measured at the cross-section level of picobarn,which indicates the promising capability for the study of heavy and superheavy nuclei at the facility.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12047503)Wenzhou Institute,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.WIUCASQD2023009)。
文摘Active matter is a non-equilibrium condensed system consisting of self-propelled particles capable of converting stored or ambient energy into collective motion.Typical active matter systems include cytoskeleton biopolymers,swimming bacteria,artificial swimmers,and animal herds.In contrast to wet active matter,dry active matter is an active system characterized by the absence of significant hydrodynamic interactions and conserved momentum.In dry active matter,the role of surrounding fluids is providing viscous friction at low Reynolds numbers and can be neglected at high Reynolds numbers.This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent experimental,computational,and theoretical advances in understanding phase transitions and critical phenomena in dry aligning active matter,including polar particles,self-propelled rods,active nematics,and their chiral counterparts.Various ways of determining phase transition points as well as non-equilibrium phenomena,such as collective motion,cluster formation,and creation and annihilation of topological defects are reviewed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1606401)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFA1606500,2023YFA1606501,2023YFA1606504)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12135004,11635003,11961141004,12375118,and 12435008)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB34010000)the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(2023YFA1606503)the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB34010000)。
文摘The synthesis of superheavy nuclei remains a critical area of research in nuclear physics,with the aim of extending the periodic table and deepening our understanding of the properties of nuclei.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in superheavy nuclei synthesis,focusing on both the experimental and theoretical developments.We discuss the primary synthesis methods,including early fusion reactions with light nuclei,cold fusion reactions using lead and bismuth targets,and hot fusion reactions involving48Ca projectiles and actinide targets.In addition,we introduce the major experimental facilities and theoretical models currently employed worldwide.This review also summarizes the experimental plans and theoretical predictions for the synthesis of new superheavy elements.Furthermore,we discuss future directions,including the potential of employing heavier projectiles,radioactive beam-induced reactions,and multi-nucleon transfer reactions,which may offer new pathways for discovering unknown superheavy nuclei.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant Nos.2021YFC2203004,2021YFA0718304,2020YFC2201501RGC is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos.11947302,11991052,11690022,11821505 and 11851302+8 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)under Grant Nos.XDB23030100 and XDA15020701the Key Research Program of the CAS under Grant No.XDPB15the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS.SJW is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant Nos.2021YFC2203004 and 2021YFA0718304the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12422502 and 12105344the China Manned Space Project under Grant No.CMS-CSST-2021-B01JHY is supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12022514,11875003 and 12047503the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant Nos.2020YFC2201501 and 2021YFA0718304the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research under Grant No.YSBR-006the Key Research Program of the CAS under Grant No.XDPB15.
文摘The future space-borne gravitational wave(GW)detectors would provide a promising probe for the new physics beyond the standard model that admits the first-order phase transitions.The predictions for the GW background vary sensitively among different concrete particle physics models but also share a large degeneracy in the model buildings,which motivates an effective model description on the phase transition based on different patterns of the electroweak symmetry breaking(EWSB).In this paper,using the scalar N-plet model as a demonstration,we propose an effective classification for three different patterns of EWSB:(1)radiative symmetry breaking with classical scale invariance,(2)the Higgs mechanism in a generic scalar extension,and(3)higher-dimensional operators.We conclude that a strong first-order phase transition could be realized for(1)and(2)with a small quartic coupling and a small isospin of an additional N-plet field for the light scalar field model with and without the classical scale invariance,and(3)with a large mixing coupling between scalar fields and a large isospin of the N-plet field for the heavy scalar field model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12135003,12122402,and 12475033)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0109000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The 19th century saw significant advancements in thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases,with J.C.Maxwell and L.E.Boltzmann playing key roles in the development of statistical physics through their work on the distribution of single-particle states.At the beginning of the 20th century,J.W.Gibbs established modern equilibrium statistical physics based on the statistical distribution of system microstates and the concept of ensembles.Subsequently,statistical physics expanded into the quantum and nonequilibrium domains.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 12175291, 11935013, 12047503, 12247103by the CAS under Grant No. YSBR-101the HPC Cluster of ITP-CAS for the support
文摘We obtain for the first time the analytic two-loop four-point MHV lightlike form factor of the stress-tensor supermultiplet in planar N 4=SYM where the momentum q carried by the operator is taken to be massless.Remarkably,we find that the two-loop result can be constrained uniquely by the infrared divergences and the collinear limits using the master-bootstrap method.Moreover,the remainder function depends only on three dual conformal invariant variables,which can be understood from a hidden dual conformal symmetry of the form factor arising in the lightlike limit of q.The symbol alphabet of the remainder contains only nine letters,which are closed under the action of the dihedral group D_(4).Based on the dual description in terms of periodic Wilson lines(null-wrapped polygons),we also consider a new OPE picture for the lightlike form factors and introduce a new form factor transition that corresponds to the three-point lightlike form factor.With the form factor results up to two loops,we make some all-loop predictions using the OPE picture.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFA1604900,2023YFA1606703,2024YFA1610503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12025501,12147101,12375073,12125507,12361141819,12047503,12175239,12221005)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDB34000000 and YSBR-101)。
文摘Exotic hadrons,beyond the conventional quark model,have been discovered over the past two decades.Investigating these states can lead to a deeper understanding of the nonperturbative dynamics of the strong interaction.In this review,we focus on the production of exotic hadrons in pp,PP^(-),and nuclear collisions.Experimental observations of light and hypernuclei as prototypes of hadronic molecules in heavy-ion collisions are also briefly discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFA0306504 and 2018YFA0306503)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guang Dong Province,China(Grant No.2019B030330001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91636213,11654001,91736311,91836302,and U1930201)support from Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences(BAQIS)Research Program(Grant No.Y18G24)。
文摘Quantum information processing based on Rydberg atoms emerged as a promising direction two decades ago.Recent experimental and theoretical progresses have shined exciting light on this avenue.In this concise review,we will briefly introduce the basics of Rydberg atoms and their recent applications in associated areas of neutral atom quantum computation and simulation.We shall also include related discussions on quantum optics with Rydberg atomic ensembles,which are increasingly used to explore quantum computation and quantum simulation with photons.
文摘With the development of radioactive-ion-beam facilities,many exotic phenomena have been discovered or predicted in the nuclei far from the stability line,including cluster structure,shell structure,deformed halo,and shape decoupling effects.The study of exotic nuclear phenomena is at the frontier of nuclear physics nowadays.The covariant density functional theory(CDFT)is one of the most successful microscopic models in describing the structure of nuclei in almost the whole nuclear chart.Within the framework of CDFT,toward a proper treatment of deformation and weak binding,the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum(DRHBc)has been developed.In this contribution,we review the applications and extensions of the DRHBc theory to the study of exotic nuclei.The DRHBc theory has been used to investigate the deformed halos in B,C,Ne,Na,and Mg isotopes and the theoretical descriptions are reasonably consistent with available data.A DRHBc Mass Table Collaboration has been founded,aiming at a high precision nuclear mass table with deformation and continuum effects included,which is underway.By implementing the angular momentum projection based on the DRHBc theory,the rotational excitations of deformed halos have been investigated and it is shown that the deformed halos and shape decoupling effects also exist in the low-lying rotational excitation states of deformed halo nuclei.
基金supported in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)under Grant No.XDPB15,No.XDB34030000,No.QYZDB-SSWSYS013by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.11835015,No.12047503,No.11961141012by the NSFC and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)through funds provided to the Sino-German Collaborative Research Center‘Symmetries and the Emergence of Structure in QCD’(NSFC Grant No.12070131001,DFG Project-ID 196253076—TRR110)。
文摘The spectrum of hadronic molecules composed of heavy-antiheavy charmed hadrons has been obtained in our previous work.The potentials are constants at the leading order,which are estimated from resonance saturation.The experimental candidates of hadronic molecules,say X(3872),Y(4260),three P_(c)states and P_(cs)(4459),fit the spectrum well.The success in describing the pattern of heavy-antiheavy hadronic molecules stimulates us to give more predictions for the heavy-heavy cases,which are less discussed in literature than the heavy-antiheavy ones.Given that the heavy-antiheavy hadronic molecules,several of which have strong experimental evidence,emerge from the dominant constant interaction from resonance saturation,we find that the existence of many heavy-heavy hadronic molecules is natural.Among these predicted heavy-heavy states we highlight the DD;molecule and the D^(*)∑_(c)^(*)molecules,which are the partners of the famous X(3872)and Pc states.Quite recently,LHCb collaboration reported a doubly charmed tetraquark state,T_(cc),which is in line with our results for the DD^(*)molecule.With the first experimental signal of this new kind of exotic states,the upcoming update of the LHCb experiment as well as other experiments will provide more chances of observing the heavy-heavy hadronic molecules.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.11975237,No.11575189,and No.11790325)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB34010000 and No.XDPB15)
文摘In recent several years,the tensor force,one of the most important components of the nucleon-nucleon force,has been implemented in time-dependent density functional theories and it has been found to influence many aspects of low-energy heavy-ion reactions,such as dissipation dynamics,sub-barrier fusions,and low-lying vibration states of colliding partners.Especially,the effects of tensor force on fusion reactions have been investigated from the internuclear potential to fusion crosssections systematically.In this work,we present a mini review on the recent progress on this topic.Considering the recent progress of low-energy reaction theories,we will also mention more possible effects of the tensor force on reaction dynamics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA0718304)the NSFC(Grants No.12135018 and No.12047503)the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(Grant No.XDB28000000)
文摘We study the collapse dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate subjected to a sudden change of the scattering length to a negative value by adopting the self-consistent Gaussian state theory for mixed states.Compared to the Gross-Pitaevskii and the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approaches,both fluctuations and three-body loss are properly treated in our theory.We find a new type of collapse assisted by fluctuations that amplify the attractive interaction between atoms.Moreover,the calculation of the fluctuated atoms,the entropy,and the second-order correlation function showed that the collapsed gas significantly deviated from a pure state.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12047503&No.12105343)
文摘A modern computer system,based on the von Neumann architecture,is a complicated system with several interactive modular parts.It requires a thorough understanding of the physics of information storage,processing,protection,readout,etc.Quantum computing,as the most generic usage of quantum information,follows a hybrid architecture so far,namely,quantum algorithms are stored and controlled classically,and mainly the executions of them are quantum,leading to the so-called quantum processing units.Such a quantum-classical hybrid is constrained by its classical ingredients,and cannot reveal the computational power of a fully quantum computer system as conceived from the beginning of the field.Recently,the nature of quantum information has been further recognized,such as the no-programming and no-control theorems,and the unifying understandings of quantum algorithms and computing models.As a result,in this work,we propose a model of a universal quantum computer system,the quantum version of the von Neumann architecture.It uses ebits(i.e.Bell states)as elements of the quantum memory unit,and qubits as elements of the quantum control unit and processing unit.As a digital quantum system,its global configurations can be viewed as tensor-network states.Its universality is proved by the capability to execute quantum algorithms based on a program composition scheme via a universal quantum gate teleportation.It is also protected by the uncertainty principle,the fundamental law of quantum information,making it quantum-secure and distinct from the classical case.In particular,we introduce a few variants of quantum circuits,including the tailed,nested,and topological ones,to characterize the roles of quantum memory and control,which could also be of independent interest in other contexts.In all,our primary study demonstrates the manifold power of quantum information and paves the way for the creation of quantum computer systems in the near future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)under grant Nos.11975013,11821505,12075300 and 12105248Peng-Huan-Wu Theoretical Physics Innovation Center(12047503)+1 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant NO.XDPB15
文摘We briefly survey several typical CP-conserving two-Higgs-doublet models(2HDMs)in light of current experiments.First we derive the masses and couplings of the mass eigenstates from the Lagrangians.Then we analyze the constraints from theory and oblique electroweak parameters.Finally,we delineate the status of 2HDM in light of the LHC searches,the dark matter detections and the muon g-2 measurement.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974036 and 11834014)。
文摘To understand the intriguing many-body states and effects in the correlated quantum materials,inference of the microscopic effective Hamiltonian from experiments constitutes an important yet very challenging inverse problem.Here we propose an unbiased and efficient approach learning the effective Hamiltonian through the many-body analysis of the measured thermal data.Our approach combines the strategies including the automatic gradient and Bayesian optimization with the thermodynamics many-body solvers including the exact diagonalization and the tensor renormalization group methods.We showcase the accuracy and powerfulness of the Hamiltonian learning by applying it firstly to the thermal data generated from a given spin model,and then to realistic experimental data measured in the spin-chain compound copper nitrate and triangular-lattice magnet TmMgGaO_(4).The present automatic approach constitutes a unified framework of many-body thermal data analysis in the studies of quantum magnets and strongly correlated materials in general.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFC2201501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12147103, special fund to the center for quanta-to-cosmos theoretical physics) (Grant No. 11821505)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB23030100)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)。
文摘In space-based gravitational wave detection, the estimation of far-field wavefront error of the distorted beam is the precondition for the noise reduction. Zernike polynomials are used to describe the wavefront error of the transmitted distorted beam. The propagation of a laser beam between two telescope apertures is calculated numerically. Far-field wavefront error is estimated with the absolute height of the peak-to-valley phase deviation between the distorted Gaussian beam and a reference distortion-free Gaussian beam. The results show that the pointing jitter is strongly related to the wavefront error. Furthermore, when the jitter decreases 10 times from 100 nrad to 10 nrad, the wavefront error reduces for more than an order of magnitude. In the analysis of multi-parameter minimization, the minimum of wavefront error tends to Z[5,3] Zernike in some parameter ranges. Some Zernikes have a strong correlation with the wavefront error of the received beam. When the aperture diameter increases at Z[5,3] Zernike, the wavefront error is not monotonic and has oscillation.Nevertheless, the wavefront error almost remains constant with the arm length increasing from 10-1Mkm to 10~3Mkm.When the arm length decreases for three orders of magnitude from 10-1Mkm to 10-4Mkm, the wavefront error has only an order of magnitude increasing. In the range of 10-4Mkm to 10~3Mkm, the lowest limit of the wavefront error is from 0.5 fm to 0.015 fm at Z[5,3] Zernike and 10 nrad jitter.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11375248 and 11875306
文摘CP violation in the lepton sector, and other aspects of neutrino physics, are studied within a high scale supersymmetry model. In addition to the sneutrino vacuum expectation values(VEVs), the heavy vector-like triplet also contributes to neutrino masses. Phases of the VEVs of relevant fields, complex couplings, and Zino mass are considered.The approximate degeneracy of neutrino masses m_(ν1) and m_(ν2) can be naturally understood. The neutrino masses are then normal ordered, ～ 0.020 eV, 0.022 eV, and 0.054 eV. Large CP violation in neutrino oscillations is favored. The effective Majorana mass of the electron neutrino is about 0.02 eV.
文摘How cells accomplish cell size homeostasis is a fascinating topic, and several cell size regulation mechanisms were proposed: timer, sizer, and adder. Recently the adder model has received a great deal of attention. Adder property was also found in the DNA replication cycle. This paper aims to explain the adder phenomenon both in the division-centric picture and replication-centric picture at the molecular level. We established a self-replication model, and the system reached a steady state quickly based on evolution rules. We collected tens of thousands of cells in the same trajectory and calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient between biological variables to decide which regulatory mechanism was adopted by cells. Our simulation results confirmed the double-adder mechanism. Chromosome replication initiation and cell division control are independent and regulated by respective proteins.Cell size homeostasis originates from division control and has nothing to do with replication initiation control. At a slow growth rate, the deviation from adder toward sizer comes from a significant division protein degradation rate when division protein is auto-inhibited. Our results indicated the two necessary conditions in the double-adder mechanism: one is balanced biosynthesis, and the other is that there is a protein trigger threshold to inspire DNA replication initiation and cell division. Our results give insight to the regulatory mechanism of cell size and instructive to synthetic biology.
文摘In this work, we compare the impacts given by χ^2 statistics and Bayesian statistics. Bayesian statistics is a new statistical method proposed by [C. Ma, P. S. Corasaniti, and B. A. Bassett, arXiv:1603.08519[astro-ph.CO](2016)]recently, which gives a fully account for the standard-candle parameter dependence of the data covariance matrix. For this two statistical methods, we explore the possible redshift-dependence of stretch-luminosity parameter α and colorluminosity parameter β by using redshift tomography. By constraining the ΛCDM model, we check the consistency of cosmology-fit results given by the SN sample of each redshift bin. We also adopt the linear parametrization to explore the possible evolution of α and β and the deceleration parameter q(z) for CPL, JBP, BA and Wang models. We find that:(i) Using the full JLA data, at high redshift α has a trend of decreasing at more than 1.5σ confidence level(CL),and β has a significant trend of decreasing at more than 19σ CL.(ii) Compared with χ^2 statistics(constant α, β) and Bayesian statistics(constant α, β), Bayesian statistics(linear α and β) yields a larger best-fit value of fractional matter density ?m0 from JLA+CMB+GC data, which is much closer to slightly deviates from the best-fit result given by other cosmological observations.(iii) The figure of merit(FoM) given by JLA+CMB+GC data from Bayesian statistics is also larger than the FoM from χ^2 statistics, which indicates that former statistics has a better accuracy.(iv) q(z) given by both statistical methods favor an eternal cosmic acceleration at 1σ CL.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11925507,12047503,11975190,12247106,12005156,12247101 and 12465010)the support from the Youth Talent (Team)Project of Gansu Provincefrom the Innovation Fund from Department of Education of Gansu Province (Grant No.2023A-106)。
文摘Thermalization in many-body systems,especially with strong interactions,is a central question in physics.In this work,we present a novel framework for the thermalization of interacting wave systems,distinguishing between trivial(no momentum exchange)and nontrivial interactions(significant energy redistribution).This distinction leads to a statistically equivalent model with weakened interactions.By applying this to FPUT-like models,we identify a unique double scaling of thermalization times.Crucially,our findings suggest the persistence of prethermalization in strong interactions.
