摘要
The synthesis of superheavy nuclei remains a critical area of research in nuclear physics,with the aim of extending the periodic table and deepening our understanding of the properties of nuclei.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in superheavy nuclei synthesis,focusing on both the experimental and theoretical developments.We discuss the primary synthesis methods,including early fusion reactions with light nuclei,cold fusion reactions using lead and bismuth targets,and hot fusion reactions involving48Ca projectiles and actinide targets.In addition,we introduce the major experimental facilities and theoretical models currently employed worldwide.This review also summarizes the experimental plans and theoretical predictions for the synthesis of new superheavy elements.Furthermore,we discuss future directions,including the potential of employing heavier projectiles,radioactive beam-induced reactions,and multi-nucleon transfer reactions,which may offer new pathways for discovering unknown superheavy nuclei.
基金
supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1606401)
the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFA1606500,2023YFA1606501,2023YFA1606504)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12135004,11635003,11961141004,12375118,and 12435008)
the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB34010000)
the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(2023YFA1606503)
the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB34010000)。
