Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold s...Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold standara")and estimated CRF is clinically relevant because estimated CRF is more feasible.Our objective was to meta-analyze cohort studies to compare the associations of objectively measured,exerciseestimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality in adults.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 9 databases(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Scopus,PsycINFO,Web of Science,PubMed,CINAHL,and the Cochrane Library)up to April 11,2024.We included full-text refereed cohort studies published in English that quantified the association(using risk estimates with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs))of objectively measured,exercise-estimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.CRF was expressed as metabolic equivalents(METs)of task.Pooled relative risks(RR)for all-cause and CVD mortality per 1-MET(3.5 mL/kg/min)higher level of CRF were quantified using random-effects models.Results:Forty-two studies representing 35 cohorts and 3,813,484 observations(81%male)(362,771 all-cause and 56,471 CVD deaths)were included.The pooled RRs for all-cause and CVD mortality per higher MET were 0.86(95%CI:0.83-0.88)and 0.84(95%CI:0.80-0.87),respectively.For both all-cause and CVD mortality,there were no statistically significant differences in RR per higher MET between objectively measured(RR range:0.86-0.90)and maximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.85-0.86),submaximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.91-0.94),and non-exercise-estimated CRF(RR range:0.81-0.85).Conclusion:Objectively measured and estimated CRF showed similar dose-response associations for all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.Estimated CRF could provide a practical and robust alternative to objectively measured CRF for assessing mortality risk across diverse populations.Our findings underscore the health-related benefits of higher CRF and advocate for its integration into clinical practice to enhance risk stratification.展开更多
This paper presents an up-to-date study on the observer-based control problem for nonlinear systems in the presence of unmodeled dynamics and actuator dead-zone.By introducing a dynamic signal to dominate the unmodele...This paper presents an up-to-date study on the observer-based control problem for nonlinear systems in the presence of unmodeled dynamics and actuator dead-zone.By introducing a dynamic signal to dominate the unmodeled dynamics and using an adaptive nonlinear damping to counter the effects of the nonlinearities and dead-zone input,the proposed observer and controller can ensure that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable in the sense of uniform ultimate boundedness.Only one adaptive parameter is needed no matter how many unknown parameters there are.The system investigated is more general and there is no need to solve Linear matrix inequality （LMI）.Moreover,with our method,some assumptions imposed on nonlinear terms and dead-zone input are relaxed.Finally,simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control scheme.展开更多
Radiogenic uranium isotope disequilibrium(^(234)U/^(238)U)has been used to trace a variety of Earth surface processes,and is usually attributed to direct recoil of^(234)Th and preferential dissolution of radioactively...Radiogenic uranium isotope disequilibrium(^(234)U/^(238)U)has been used to trace a variety of Earth surface processes,and is usually attributed to direct recoil of^(234)Th and preferential dissolution of radioactively damaged lattices at the mineral surface.However,the relative contribution of these two mechanisms in the natural environment remains unresolved,making it hard to use the extent of disequilibrium to quantify processes such as weathering.This study tests the contribution of preferential dissolution using well-characterized weathered moraines and river sediments from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.The observations show that weathering of recent moraines where the contribution from direct recoil is negligible and is not associated with depletion of^(234)U at the mineral surface.It suggests a limited role for preferential dissolution in this setting.We attribute this lack of preferential dissolution to a near-to-equilibrium dissolution at the weathering interfaces,with little development of etch pits associated with radioactively damaged energetic sites.展开更多
A novel rearrangement-addition reaction of trisubstituted gibberellin epoxides with trimethylaluminium is reported. The reaction proceeds stereospecifically to give tertiary methyl alcohols. The possible mechanism for...A novel rearrangement-addition reaction of trisubstituted gibberellin epoxides with trimethylaluminium is reported. The reaction proceeds stereospecifically to give tertiary methyl alcohols. The possible mechanism for the reaction is also discussed.展开更多
Aims The use of exotic species as taxon substitutes to restore lost ecological interactions is currently hotly debated.Aldabrachelys gigantea giant tortoises have recently been introduced to three islands in the Masca...Aims The use of exotic species as taxon substitutes to restore lost ecological interactions is currently hotly debated.Aldabrachelys gigantea giant tortoises have recently been introduced to three islands in the Mascarene archipelago(Ile aux Aigrettes,Round Island and Rodrigues)to resurrect herbivory and seed dispersal functions once performed by extinct giant tortoises.However,potential unintended impacts by frugivore substitutes on native ecosystems,e.g.whether they will facilitate the germination of exotic plant species,are largely unknown.We investigated whether A.gigantea introduced to Rodrigues in 2006 could enhance the germination percentage of four widespread fleshy-fruited exotic species on the island.Using germination trials to forecast unintended impacts that could arise from the introduction of a frugivorous taxon substitute enables conservation managers to limit potential adverse negative interactions before they occur.Methods In germination trials that ran over 4 months,we investigated the effects of ingestion(gut passage and deposition in faeces)by subadult and adult A.gigantea on the germination percentage of four exotic fleshy-fruited plant species introduced to Rodrigues.We fed fruits of these plant species to sub-adult and adult A.gigantea to test how variation in age and size of the frugivore would affect seed germination.Feeding of distinctly coloured plastic pellets together with the fruits allowed us to test for individual tortoise effects on seed germination.Important Findings Ingestion by A.gigantea increased the percentage of seeds germinating of Mimusops coriacea and Lantana camara,but not percentage of germination of Veitchia merrillii or Wikstroemia indica.Seeds were more likely to germinate following ingestion by sub-adult rather than adult tortoises,which may be a consequence of the shorter gut passage time observed for sub-adults.Our results demonstrate that introduced frugivorous taxon substitutes could facilitate germination of exotic and invasive plants and highlight the need for conservation managers to weigh the risk of taxon substitutes potentially facilitating the germination and recruitment of exotic fleshy-fruited plants against the benefit of restoring lost seed dispersal functions of threatened indigenous plants.Our findings also highlight the importance of considering age and size variation in frugivores,in particular in long-lived taxa such as giant tortoises,when studying ingestion effects on the germination performance of plants.展开更多
Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy arising from the epithelial cells of the biliary tract.The limitations of the current methods in the diagnosis of CCA highlight the urgent nee...Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy arising from the epithelial cells of the biliary tract.The limitations of the current methods in the diagnosis of CCA highlight the urgent need for new,accurate tools for early cancer detection,better prognostication and patient monitoring.Liquid biopsy(LB)is a modern and non-invasive technique comprising a diverse group of methodologies aiming to detect tumour biomarkers from body fluids.These biomarkers include circulating tumour cells,cell-free DNA,circulating tumour DNA,RNA and extracellular vesicles.The aim of this review is to explore the current and potential future applications of LB in CCA management,with a focus on diagnosis,prognostication and monitoring.We examine both its significant potential and the inevitable limitations associated with this technology.We conclude that LB holds considerable promise,but further research is necessary to fully integrate it into precision oncology for CCA.展开更多
Biomineralization has garnered significant attention in the field of wastewater treatment due to its notable cost reduction compared to conventional methods.The reinjection water from oilfields containing an exceeding...Biomineralization has garnered significant attention in the field of wastewater treatment due to its notable cost reduction compared to conventional methods.The reinjection water from oilfields containing an exceedingly high concentration of calcium and ferric ions will pose amajor hazard in production.However,the utilization of biomineralization for precipitating these ions has been scarcely investigated due to limited tolerance among halophiles towards such extreme conditions.In this study,free and immobilized halophiles Virgibacillus dokdonensis were used to precipitate these ions and the effects were compared,at the same time,biomineralizationmechanisms and mineral characteristicswere further explored.The results showthat bacterial concentration and carbonic anhydrase activitywere higher when additionally adding ferric ion based on calcium ion;the content of protein,polysaccharides,deoxyribonucleic acid and humic substances in the extracellular polymers also increased compared to control.Calcium ions were biomineralized into calcite and vaterite with mul-tiple morphology.Due to iron doping,the crystallinity and thermal stability of calcium carbonate decreased,the content of O-C=O,N-C=OandC-O-PO_(3) increased,the stable carbon isotope values became much more negative,andβ-sheet in minerals disappeared.Higher calcium concentrations facilitated ferric ion precipitation,while ferric ions hindered calcium precipitation.The immobilized bacteria performed better in ferric ion removal,with a precipitation ratio exceeding 90%.Free bacteria performed better in calcium removal,and the precipitation ratio reached a maximum of 56%.This research maybe provides some reference for the co-removal of calcium and ferric ions from the oilfield wastewater.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie(Grant agreement No.101028929)supported by an Investigator Grant from the Medical Research Future Fund(MRF1193862)supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship.
文摘Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold standara")and estimated CRF is clinically relevant because estimated CRF is more feasible.Our objective was to meta-analyze cohort studies to compare the associations of objectively measured,exerciseestimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality in adults.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 9 databases(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Scopus,PsycINFO,Web of Science,PubMed,CINAHL,and the Cochrane Library)up to April 11,2024.We included full-text refereed cohort studies published in English that quantified the association(using risk estimates with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs))of objectively measured,exercise-estimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.CRF was expressed as metabolic equivalents(METs)of task.Pooled relative risks(RR)for all-cause and CVD mortality per 1-MET(3.5 mL/kg/min)higher level of CRF were quantified using random-effects models.Results:Forty-two studies representing 35 cohorts and 3,813,484 observations(81%male)(362,771 all-cause and 56,471 CVD deaths)were included.The pooled RRs for all-cause and CVD mortality per higher MET were 0.86(95%CI:0.83-0.88)and 0.84(95%CI:0.80-0.87),respectively.For both all-cause and CVD mortality,there were no statistically significant differences in RR per higher MET between objectively measured(RR range:0.86-0.90)and maximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.85-0.86),submaximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.91-0.94),and non-exercise-estimated CRF(RR range:0.81-0.85).Conclusion:Objectively measured and estimated CRF showed similar dose-response associations for all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.Estimated CRF could provide a practical and robust alternative to objectively measured CRF for assessing mortality risk across diverse populations.Our findings underscore the health-related benefits of higher CRF and advocate for its integration into clinical practice to enhance risk stratification.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60704009)
文摘This paper presents an up-to-date study on the observer-based control problem for nonlinear systems in the presence of unmodeled dynamics and actuator dead-zone.By introducing a dynamic signal to dominate the unmodeled dynamics and using an adaptive nonlinear damping to counter the effects of the nonlinearities and dead-zone input,the proposed observer and controller can ensure that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable in the sense of uniform ultimate boundedness.Only one adaptive parameter is needed no matter how many unknown parameters there are.The system investigated is more general and there is no need to solve Linear matrix inequality （LMI）.Moreover,with our method,some assumptions imposed on nonlinear terms and dead-zone input are relaxed.Finally,simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control scheme.
基金supported by the Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowship(No.NA201244)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42061130212,41991321,41877351,41761144058,and 41730101)+2 种基金the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(No.2019QZKK0707)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.0206-14380124)support from the China Scholarship Council Fellowship。
文摘Radiogenic uranium isotope disequilibrium(^(234)U/^(238)U)has been used to trace a variety of Earth surface processes,and is usually attributed to direct recoil of^(234)Th and preferential dissolution of radioactively damaged lattices at the mineral surface.However,the relative contribution of these two mechanisms in the natural environment remains unresolved,making it hard to use the extent of disequilibrium to quantify processes such as weathering.This study tests the contribution of preferential dissolution using well-characterized weathered moraines and river sediments from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.The observations show that weathering of recent moraines where the contribution from direct recoil is negligible and is not associated with depletion of^(234)U at the mineral surface.It suggests a limited role for preferential dissolution in this setting.We attribute this lack of preferential dissolution to a near-to-equilibrium dissolution at the weathering interfaces,with little development of etch pits associated with radioactively damaged energetic sites.
基金This work is supported by the Ministry of Education under Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars.
文摘A novel rearrangement-addition reaction of trisubstituted gibberellin epoxides with trimethylaluminium is reported. The reaction proceeds stereospecifically to give tertiary methyl alcohols. The possible mechanism for the reaction is also discussed.
文摘Aims The use of exotic species as taxon substitutes to restore lost ecological interactions is currently hotly debated.Aldabrachelys gigantea giant tortoises have recently been introduced to three islands in the Mascarene archipelago(Ile aux Aigrettes,Round Island and Rodrigues)to resurrect herbivory and seed dispersal functions once performed by extinct giant tortoises.However,potential unintended impacts by frugivore substitutes on native ecosystems,e.g.whether they will facilitate the germination of exotic plant species,are largely unknown.We investigated whether A.gigantea introduced to Rodrigues in 2006 could enhance the germination percentage of four widespread fleshy-fruited exotic species on the island.Using germination trials to forecast unintended impacts that could arise from the introduction of a frugivorous taxon substitute enables conservation managers to limit potential adverse negative interactions before they occur.Methods In germination trials that ran over 4 months,we investigated the effects of ingestion(gut passage and deposition in faeces)by subadult and adult A.gigantea on the germination percentage of four exotic fleshy-fruited plant species introduced to Rodrigues.We fed fruits of these plant species to sub-adult and adult A.gigantea to test how variation in age and size of the frugivore would affect seed germination.Feeding of distinctly coloured plastic pellets together with the fruits allowed us to test for individual tortoise effects on seed germination.Important Findings Ingestion by A.gigantea increased the percentage of seeds germinating of Mimusops coriacea and Lantana camara,but not percentage of germination of Veitchia merrillii or Wikstroemia indica.Seeds were more likely to germinate following ingestion by sub-adult rather than adult tortoises,which may be a consequence of the shorter gut passage time observed for sub-adults.Our results demonstrate that introduced frugivorous taxon substitutes could facilitate germination of exotic and invasive plants and highlight the need for conservation managers to weigh the risk of taxon substitutes potentially facilitating the germination and recruitment of exotic fleshy-fruited plants against the benefit of restoring lost seed dispersal functions of threatened indigenous plants.Our findings also highlight the importance of considering age and size variation in frugivores,in particular in long-lived taxa such as giant tortoises,when studying ingestion effects on the germination performance of plants.
文摘Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy arising from the epithelial cells of the biliary tract.The limitations of the current methods in the diagnosis of CCA highlight the urgent need for new,accurate tools for early cancer detection,better prognostication and patient monitoring.Liquid biopsy(LB)is a modern and non-invasive technique comprising a diverse group of methodologies aiming to detect tumour biomarkers from body fluids.These biomarkers include circulating tumour cells,cell-free DNA,circulating tumour DNA,RNA and extracellular vesicles.The aim of this review is to explore the current and potential future applications of LB in CCA management,with a focus on diagnosis,prognostication and monitoring.We examine both its significant potential and the inevitable limitations associated with this technology.We conclude that LB holds considerable promise,but further research is necessary to fully integrate it into precision oncology for CCA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42072136,41972108,and 42106144)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2023MD063,ZR2020MC041,and ZR2020QD089)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources,Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources(No.SKDZK20230127)the Foreign visiting scholar funded by Shandong Provincial government.
文摘Biomineralization has garnered significant attention in the field of wastewater treatment due to its notable cost reduction compared to conventional methods.The reinjection water from oilfields containing an exceedingly high concentration of calcium and ferric ions will pose amajor hazard in production.However,the utilization of biomineralization for precipitating these ions has been scarcely investigated due to limited tolerance among halophiles towards such extreme conditions.In this study,free and immobilized halophiles Virgibacillus dokdonensis were used to precipitate these ions and the effects were compared,at the same time,biomineralizationmechanisms and mineral characteristicswere further explored.The results showthat bacterial concentration and carbonic anhydrase activitywere higher when additionally adding ferric ion based on calcium ion;the content of protein,polysaccharides,deoxyribonucleic acid and humic substances in the extracellular polymers also increased compared to control.Calcium ions were biomineralized into calcite and vaterite with mul-tiple morphology.Due to iron doping,the crystallinity and thermal stability of calcium carbonate decreased,the content of O-C=O,N-C=OandC-O-PO_(3) increased,the stable carbon isotope values became much more negative,andβ-sheet in minerals disappeared.Higher calcium concentrations facilitated ferric ion precipitation,while ferric ions hindered calcium precipitation.The immobilized bacteria performed better in ferric ion removal,with a precipitation ratio exceeding 90%.Free bacteria performed better in calcium removal,and the precipitation ratio reached a maximum of 56%.This research maybe provides some reference for the co-removal of calcium and ferric ions from the oilfield wastewater.
