Given the considerable global interest in the preparation of Ti and TiC,a novel reduction method for TiO_(2) in a CH_(4)-H_(2) atmosphere was proposed,and the reduction thermodynamic behavior,phase equilibrium,and ene...Given the considerable global interest in the preparation of Ti and TiC,a novel reduction method for TiO_(2) in a CH_(4)-H_(2) atmosphere was proposed,and the reduction thermodynamic behavior,phase equilibrium,and energy consumption of TiO_(2) during its reaction with a CH_(4)-H_(2) gas mixture were investigated.The results indicate that the reaction proceeds via a stepwise reduction pathway from TiO_(2) to Ti(C,O),with the Magnéli phase(TinO_(2n-1))and Ti_(3)O_(5) serving as intermediate phases.Notably,the reduction of TiO_(2) by H_(2) is more challenging than that by CH_(4),which may be attributed to the inhibitory effect of H_(2) on the surface carbon precipitation.For the complete carbonization of 1 mol TiO_(2),the total energy required at 1000,1100,and 1200℃is 1159,925,and 977 kJ/mol,respectively,which may be related to the shift of gas-phase equilibrium and the increase in side reactions at high temperatures.展开更多
目的初步探讨三阴性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)在不同人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)表达水平下,数字乳腺断层摄影(digital breast tomosynthesis,DBT)与对比增强乳腺X线摄影(co...目的初步探讨三阴性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)在不同人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)表达水平下,数字乳腺断层摄影(digital breast tomosynthesis,DBT)与对比增强乳腺X线摄影(contrast-enhanced mammography,CEM)的表现特征。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院及2022年1月至2025年5月在上海市第二人民医院诊治的术前行DBT或CEM检查TNBC患者的临床资料、病理和免疫组织化学结果、影像资料。结果共纳入69例经病理证实为浸润性导管癌的TNBC患者,其中34例行DBT检查、35例行CEM检查。69例TNBC中,HER2低表达34例(49.28%),HER2零表达35例(50.72%)。DBT检查结果显示,HER2低表达组(n=14)肿块的毛刺征占比高于HER2零表达组(n=20;P=0.009,P_(adj)=0.045);两组在乳腺密度类型、肿块形状及钙化情况方面的差异无统计学意义。CEM结果显示,在低能量图像上,HER2低表达组(n=20)肿块的毛刺征占比高于HER2零表达组(n=15;P=0.011,P_(adj)=0.077);在重建图像上,两组背景实质强化程度及肿块强化方式差异无统计学意义,均以不均匀强化最常见、均匀强化次之、环形强化占比最低。结论HER2低表达和HER2零表达的TNBC在DBT中的毛刺征表现可能存在差异,而CEM表现与HER2不同表达水平TNBC之间的关联尚需进一步研究。展开更多
文摘Given the considerable global interest in the preparation of Ti and TiC,a novel reduction method for TiO_(2) in a CH_(4)-H_(2) atmosphere was proposed,and the reduction thermodynamic behavior,phase equilibrium,and energy consumption of TiO_(2) during its reaction with a CH_(4)-H_(2) gas mixture were investigated.The results indicate that the reaction proceeds via a stepwise reduction pathway from TiO_(2) to Ti(C,O),with the Magnéli phase(TinO_(2n-1))and Ti_(3)O_(5) serving as intermediate phases.Notably,the reduction of TiO_(2) by H_(2) is more challenging than that by CH_(4),which may be attributed to the inhibitory effect of H_(2) on the surface carbon precipitation.For the complete carbonization of 1 mol TiO_(2),the total energy required at 1000,1100,and 1200℃is 1159,925,and 977 kJ/mol,respectively,which may be related to the shift of gas-phase equilibrium and the increase in side reactions at high temperatures.
