This study investigated the effects of xu-argument-based continuation writing on learners’processing of source texts.Seventy-five participants were randomly assigned to three conditions:(1)continuation writing,(2)sum...This study investigated the effects of xu-argument-based continuation writing on learners’processing of source texts.Seventy-five participants were randomly assigned to three conditions:(1)continuation writing,(2)summary writing,or(3)reading comprehension.Eye-tracking data were collected during reading,measuring early(first fixation duration,first pass duration)and late(go-past time,total fixation duration)eye movements.During writing,source-text rereading was tracked via fixation counts and durations.Results showed that task type did not affect initial lexical access,as first fixation duration showed no group differences.However,both production groups exhibited significantly longer first pass durations than the reading comprehension group.Late measures revealed a gradient pattern:the continuation writing group spent significantly longer gopast time and total fixation duration than the summary writing group,which exceeded the reading comprehension group.This indicates that continuation tasks promoted deeper cognitive engagement during reading.During writing,the continuation writing group spent more time rereading the source text with higher fixation counts than the summary writing group.These findings suggest that continuation writing triggers more intensive reader-text interaction during pre-writing and enhances comprehension-production coupling through sustained attention to input during writing.This study sheds light on the cognitive mechanisms underlying the theoretical and pedagogical value of xu-argument.展开更多
The historical image of Ouyang Xiu constructed during the Song Dynasty evolved from a multifaceted portrayal that balanced his political and literary achievements into a singular cultural symbol.In the Northern Song D...The historical image of Ouyang Xiu constructed during the Song Dynasty evolved from a multifaceted portrayal that balanced his political and literary achievements into a singular cultural symbol.In the Northern Song Dynasty,writings by Ouyang Xiu's family and epitaphs by his colleagues crafted a balanced narrative emphasizing both his official duties and literary merits,thus constructing a dual image of him as a principled remonstrator and a literary master.In the Southern Song Dynasty,official historiography gradually eroded his complex persona as a political reformer by selectively trimming political disputes and emphasizing his literary lineage,ultimately establishing him as a cultural exemplar beyond factional strife.Throughout this evolution of historical writing,Ouyang Xiu's sharpness as a remonstrator was gradually obscured in historical texts,while his image as a literary master,revered by all,became firmly established.The reshaping of Ouyang Xiu's image in historical writings across the Northern and Southern Song dynasties not only reflects the logic of selecting scholar-official role models under the influence of official ideology but also reveals the inherent pattern whereby individual distinctiveness fades into symbolic construction in historical writing.展开更多
Biopolymeric nanocomposites have attracted considerable attention because of their biocompatibility,biodegradability,and unique physicochemical properties.It is essential to manufacture three-dimensional(3D)biocompati...Biopolymeric nanocomposites have attracted considerable attention because of their biocompatibility,biodegradability,and unique physicochemical properties.It is essential to manufacture three-dimensional(3D)biocompatible micro/nanostructures using biopolymeric nanocomposites.Herein,we demonstrate the high-fidelity fabrication of biocompatible 3D features with sub-50 nm resolution using femtosecond laser direct writing(FsLDW)of a biopolymeric nanocomposite composed of egg white and sulfonated graphene(S-graphene).The biopolymer nanocomposite acts as a negative photoresist suitable for water-based lithography.The introduction of S-graphene not only dramatically lowered the laser power threshold but also significantly modulated the morphology of the 3D features constructed by FsLDW.Microstructures with porous,rough,or smooth morphologies were obtained by optimizing the S-graphene concentration and laser scanning speed.The fabricated egg-white/S-graphene microstructures exhibited biocompatibility and environmental degradability.Egg white/S-graphene was also employed to fabricate diffractive gratings with superior optical quality.This study provides a promising method to manufacture biocompatible 3D features with controllable morphology,which has potential applications in biological and photonic fields.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)-printedgraphene aerogels hold promise for electromagneticwave absorption(EWA)engineering due to itsultralow density,outstanding electromagnetic dissipationwith the flexibility and precision of ma...Three-dimensional(3D)-printedgraphene aerogels hold promise for electromagneticwave absorption(EWA)engineering due to itsultralow density,outstanding electromagnetic dissipationwith the flexibility and precision of manufacturingstrategies.However,their high conductivitycauses severe impedance mismatch,limiting EWAperformance.3D printing requirements also constrainthe dielectric properties of printable grapheneinks,hindering the integration of high-performanceabsorbers with advanced manufacturing.This studyproposes a polyacrylic acid(PAA)gel-mediated3D porous graphene oxide(GO)aerogel multiscaleregulation strategy.Precise gel content control enablesdual-gradient tuning of the rheology(Benefitingdirect ink writing(DIW))and dielectric loss(Enhancing EWA)of GO/PAA composites and reduces aerogel density(6.9 mg cm^(-3)from28.2 mg cm^(-3)).Thermal reduction decomposes PAA into amorphous carbon nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide(rGO),enhancingimpedance matching and absorption via synergistic 0D/2D interfacial polarization and conductive loss.The optimized rGO/PAA aerogelachieves a minimum reflection loss(RL)of-39.86 dB at 2.5 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 8.36 GHz(9.64-18 GHz)at3.2 mm.Combining DIW and this aerogel,we design a metamaterial absorber(MA)with dual material(dielectric loss)and structural gradients.This MA exhibits an ultrawide EAB of 14 GHz(4-18 GHz)with a total thickness of 7.8 mm.This work establishes a coupled design paradigmof“composition-structure-performance,”providing an engineerable solution for developing lightweight,broadband EWA materials.展开更多
当前,大语言模型(Large Language Model,LLM)在语言写作教学中的创新潜力日益显现,其中创意写作作为培养学生情感表达、批判性思维与创新能力的重要手段,正面临教学模式僵化、教学资源匮乏、评价模式单一等现实挑战,LLM的发展为其带来...当前,大语言模型(Large Language Model,LLM)在语言写作教学中的创新潜力日益显现,其中创意写作作为培养学生情感表达、批判性思维与创新能力的重要手段,正面临教学模式僵化、教学资源匮乏、评价模式单一等现实挑战,LLM的发展为其带来了新的机遇。为此,文章从世界知识、涌现能力、心理理论、思维链、硅基样本等角度分析了LLM在创意写作教学中的适用性,提出了基于LLM的创意写作应用框架,以通过多媒体创意激发和交互式创意激发相结合的形式,在写作过程中融入动态分析与个性化反馈。基于此框架,文章开发了相应的LLM4Writing平台,并在上海市S小学开展了为期5周的案例实践。案例结果表明,在LLM的技术赋能下学生在创意构思和表达能力等方面取得了显著进步,同时写作兴趣与创意潜力得到了有效激发。文章通过研究,旨在为LLM在创意写作教学中的应用提供理论基础和实践指导,推动写作教学模式创新和写作教学质量提升。展开更多
二语写作是二语习得研究领域的重要组成部分。运用CiteSpace软件对近十年发表在Journal of Second Language Writing的231篇实证研究论文进行可视化分析,研究发现:二语写作研究整体呈波动性上升趋势,研究规模较为稳定,研究关注度逐渐提...二语写作是二语习得研究领域的重要组成部分。运用CiteSpace软件对近十年发表在Journal of Second Language Writing的231篇实证研究论文进行可视化分析,研究发现:二语写作研究整体呈波动性上升趋势,研究规模较为稳定,研究关注度逐渐提升;二语写作研究领域暂未形成明显的核心作者和机构的合作网络;研究主题主要聚焦二语写作教学方法的多元化、二语写作反馈的多焦点、二语写作评估与测试的科学化,以及学习者个体差异的多维影响等方面。基于此,提出未来该领域发展需加强学者、机构之间的相互合作;关注个体学习者写作过程的认知特征与情感因素,尤其重视青少年二语学习过程的研究;扩大二语写作纵向研究规模,推动研究的深入发展。展开更多
Able to precisely control and manipulate materials'states at micro/nano-scale level,femtosecond(fs)laser micro/nano processing technology has undergone tremendous development over the past three decades.Free-formi...Able to precisely control and manipulate materials'states at micro/nano-scale level,femtosecond(fs)laser micro/nano processing technology has undergone tremendous development over the past three decades.Free-forming three-dimensional(3D)microscale functional devices and inducing fascinating and unique physical or chemical phenomena have granted this technology powerful versatility that no other technology can match.As this technology advances rapidly in various fields of application,some key challenges have emerged and remain to be urgently addressed.This review firstly introduces the fundamental principles for understanding how fs laser pulses interact with materials and the associated unique phenomena in section 2.Then micro/nano-fabrication in transparent materials by fs laser processing is presented in section 3.Thereafter,several high efficiency/throughput fabrication methods as well as pulse-shaping techniques are listed in sections 4 and 5 reviews four-dimensional(4D)and nanoscale printing realized by fs laser processing technology.Special attention is paid to the heterogeneous integration(HI)of functional materials enabled by fs laser processing in section 6.Several intriguing examples of 3D functional micro-devices created by fs laser-based manufacturing methods such as microfluidics,lab-on-chip,micro-optics,micro-mechanics,micro-electronics,micro-bots and micro-biodevices are reviewed in section 7.Finally,a summary of the review and a perspective are proposed to explore the challenges and future opportunities for further betterment of fs laser micro/nano processing technology.展开更多
This study contests the prevalent perception of graffiti writing,especially tagging and bombing,as meaningless vandalism.It contends that graffiti is a form of expression with intrinsic political implications.Leveragi...This study contests the prevalent perception of graffiti writing,especially tagging and bombing,as meaningless vandalism.It contends that graffiti is a form of expression with intrinsic political implications.Leveraging the notion of spatial justice and Jacques Ranciere's philosophy,I demonstrate how graffiti reclaims urban visibility against the commercial monopoly of visibility in public spaces and challenges the inequitable allocation of opportunities for self-expression in modern cities.Despite writers'common denial of political motives,their actions may be interpreted as manifestations of resistance within wider sociospatial conflicts.This study situates grffti within discussions of political art,spatial commodification,and everyday resistance,proposing a normative framework for viewing the art of the urban signature as an activity that redefines"the community that speaks."展开更多
Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in lin...Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in line with their cognitive levels based on students’needs;promote writing through debate,attach importance to the high integration of reading,speaking,and writing;and strengthen the subjectivity of students in writing by taking interest as the lead and life as the source.展开更多
Giant panda writing is a classic form of thematic nature writing.Since the scientific discovery and the popularization of the giant panda by naturalists,this writing tradition has spanned nearly a century.Throughout t...Giant panda writing is a classic form of thematic nature writing.Since the scientific discovery and the popularization of the giant panda by naturalists,this writing tradition has spanned nearly a century.Throughout this process,Chinese giant panda writing has developed its own distinct characteristics.Western giant panda writing encompasses genres such as scientific essays,fieldwork notes,and documentary works.Within Chinese giant panda writing,reportage,popular science works,and comprehensive,systematic documentary works all have representative authors and texts.In recent years,IP-oriented giant panda books have shown notable performance.While Chinese giant panda writing exhibits diverse types and perspectives,its scientific rigor,informative value,and innovative expression still require enhancement.As a form of thematic nature writing,giant panda writing provides valuable insights for writings on other subjects.展开更多
Research in L2 writing assessment has overwhelmingly focused on helping students enhance their writing quality and global development in language proficiency by various means and approaches of assessment.However,studi...Research in L2 writing assessment has overwhelmingly focused on helping students enhance their writing quality and global development in language proficiency by various means and approaches of assessment.However,studies of the learning on the part of EFL writing teachers,especially when engaging in collaborative assessment with students,are few and far between.This qualitative case study therefore fills this void of foregoing research by examining the learning and development of a Chinese EFL writing teacher who employed teacher-student collaborative assessment(TSCA)(Wen,2016)in an L2 academic writing course.Drawing upon multiple types of data,three themes emerged with regard to the learning of the L2 writing teacher:1)becoming more assessment literate and capable of providing constructive feedback;2)gaining more efficacy in instructional tactics,student engagement and classroom management;and 3)developing a better understanding of students’evaluation focus as well as their needs and expertise in writing.This study offers a robust picture of how TSCA can foster multidimensional teacher learning-cognitively,affectively,and relationally-affirming its value not only as an assessment tool but as a transformative pedagogical practice.展开更多
The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)has brought significant changes to academic writing,raising important questions about authorship,originality,and how writing is taught and learned.While AI-based wri...The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)has brought significant changes to academic writing,raising important questions about authorship,originality,and how writing is taught and learned.While AI-based writing tools are now widely available,academic writing instruction has not kept pace and continues to rely on conventional pedagogical approaches.This paper introduces a conceptual framework called the Academic Writing and AI Integration(AWAI)Framework,which seeks to address this gap in a structured and pedagogically informed manner.Grounded in interdisciplinary scholarship,the AWAI Framework emphasizes the integration of three key elements:scholarly content knowledge,academic writing conventions,and AI literacy.Rather than reporting empirical findings,this study presents a theoretical model aimed at supporting educators and students as they navigate the opportunities and challenges posed by AI in academic contexts.The framework outlines a balanced approach to incorporating AI tools into writing instruction,while upholding the standards of academic rigor and ethical responsibility.Through this work,academic writing is reconsidered in light of emerging technological influences.The framework contributes to broader discussions about educational innovation and provides a foundation for future inquiry into the evolving relationship between human authors and intelligent systems in scholarly communication.展开更多
Conversation B Susie:I know.Pencils are also better for drawing.You can make lines lighter or darker.Sam:But you have to sharpen pencils or add lead to them.Susie:You do.But pencils last longer than pens.Pen ink can d...Conversation B Susie:I know.Pencils are also better for drawing.You can make lines lighter or darker.Sam:But you have to sharpen pencils or add lead to them.Susie:You do.But pencils last longer than pens.Pen ink can dry out,but pencil lead doesn’t.Sam:But words look neater when you write in pen.Susie:They do.So,which pen do you want?Sam:One with blue ink,thanks.展开更多
If a Chinese teenager were to describe my appearance,he or she would note:tan skin,straight black hair,almond-shaped eyes(杏眼),and an average height and weight.Upon being asked to list my interests,I would say:playin...If a Chinese teenager were to describe my appearance,he or she would note:tan skin,straight black hair,almond-shaped eyes(杏眼),and an average height and weight.Upon being asked to list my interests,I would say:playing musical instruments,reading,writing,painting,dancing and going out with friends.I enjoy all kinds of food and music,and I do well in school while making time for family and friends.In many ways,I’m just like any typical Chinese teenager-except I live in the United States.展开更多
One day,my friend asks me what my dream is.I think about it for some days.Then I tell my friend I have many dreams.I want to be a teacher,so I can teach my students all I know like my teachers.I like drawing and if I ...One day,my friend asks me what my dream is.I think about it for some days.Then I tell my friend I have many dreams.I want to be a teacher,so I can teach my students all I know like my teachers.I like drawing and if I can draw what I see,that will be great.I want to travel around the world and see different places.Maybe I can be a writer and write down all the stories on the trip.When I grow up,I go to college and I can be a scientist.I will work hard and make the world better.展开更多
In this study,it aims at examining the differences between humangenerated and AI-generated texts in IELTS Writing Task 2.It especially focuses on lexical resourcefulness,grammatical accuracy,and contextual appropriate...In this study,it aims at examining the differences between humangenerated and AI-generated texts in IELTS Writing Task 2.It especially focuses on lexical resourcefulness,grammatical accuracy,and contextual appropriateness.We analyzed 20 essays,including 10 human written ones by Chinese university students who have achieved an IELTS writing score ranging from 5.5 to 6.0,and 10 ChatGPT-4 Turbo-generated ones,using a mixed-methods approach,through corpus-based tools(NLTK,SpaCy,AntConc)and qualitative content analysis.Results showed that AI texts exhibited superior grammatical accuracy(0.4%–3%error rates for AI vs.20–26%for university students)but higher lexical repetition(17.2%to 23.25%for AI vs.17.68%for university students)and weaker contextual adaptability(3.33/10–3.69/10 for AI vs.3.23/10 to 4.14/10 for university students).While AI’s grammatical precision supports its utility as a corrective tool,human writers outperformed AI in lexical diversity and task-specific nuance.The findings advocate for a hybrid pedagogical model that leverages AI’s strengths in error detection while retaining human instruction for advanced lexical and contextual skills.Limitations include the small corpus and single-AI-model focus,suggesting future research with diverse datasets and longitudinal designs.展开更多
文摘This study investigated the effects of xu-argument-based continuation writing on learners’processing of source texts.Seventy-five participants were randomly assigned to three conditions:(1)continuation writing,(2)summary writing,or(3)reading comprehension.Eye-tracking data were collected during reading,measuring early(first fixation duration,first pass duration)and late(go-past time,total fixation duration)eye movements.During writing,source-text rereading was tracked via fixation counts and durations.Results showed that task type did not affect initial lexical access,as first fixation duration showed no group differences.However,both production groups exhibited significantly longer first pass durations than the reading comprehension group.Late measures revealed a gradient pattern:the continuation writing group spent significantly longer gopast time and total fixation duration than the summary writing group,which exceeded the reading comprehension group.This indicates that continuation tasks promoted deeper cognitive engagement during reading.During writing,the continuation writing group spent more time rereading the source text with higher fixation counts than the summary writing group.These findings suggest that continuation writing triggers more intensive reader-text interaction during pre-writing and enhances comprehension-production coupling through sustained attention to input during writing.This study sheds light on the cognitive mechanisms underlying the theoretical and pedagogical value of xu-argument.
基金an initial outcome of the Research on the Interactive Relationship Between Biographies and Epitaphs in Ancient China,a project(ID:24BZW023)supported by the National Social Science Fund of China。
文摘The historical image of Ouyang Xiu constructed during the Song Dynasty evolved from a multifaceted portrayal that balanced his political and literary achievements into a singular cultural symbol.In the Northern Song Dynasty,writings by Ouyang Xiu's family and epitaphs by his colleagues crafted a balanced narrative emphasizing both his official duties and literary merits,thus constructing a dual image of him as a principled remonstrator and a literary master.In the Southern Song Dynasty,official historiography gradually eroded his complex persona as a political reformer by selectively trimming political disputes and emphasizing his literary lineage,ultimately establishing him as a cultural exemplar beyond factional strife.Throughout this evolution of historical writing,Ouyang Xiu's sharpness as a remonstrator was gradually obscured in historical texts,while his image as a literary master,revered by all,became firmly established.The reshaping of Ouyang Xiu's image in historical writings across the Northern and Southern Song dynasties not only reflects the logic of selecting scholar-official role models under the influence of official ideology but also reveals the inherent pattern whereby individual distinctiveness fades into symbolic construction in historical writing.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2024YFB4607402 and 2016YFC1100502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51673208 and 61975213)。
文摘Biopolymeric nanocomposites have attracted considerable attention because of their biocompatibility,biodegradability,and unique physicochemical properties.It is essential to manufacture three-dimensional(3D)biocompatible micro/nanostructures using biopolymeric nanocomposites.Herein,we demonstrate the high-fidelity fabrication of biocompatible 3D features with sub-50 nm resolution using femtosecond laser direct writing(FsLDW)of a biopolymeric nanocomposite composed of egg white and sulfonated graphene(S-graphene).The biopolymer nanocomposite acts as a negative photoresist suitable for water-based lithography.The introduction of S-graphene not only dramatically lowered the laser power threshold but also significantly modulated the morphology of the 3D features constructed by FsLDW.Microstructures with porous,rough,or smooth morphologies were obtained by optimizing the S-graphene concentration and laser scanning speed.The fabricated egg-white/S-graphene microstructures exhibited biocompatibility and environmental degradability.Egg white/S-graphene was also employed to fabricate diffractive gratings with superior optical quality.This study provides a promising method to manufacture biocompatible 3D features with controllable morphology,which has potential applications in biological and photonic fields.
基金supported by ZJNSF LZ25E030006Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2024C01157)+2 种基金NSFC under Grant Nos.52473267 and 52401249the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2021YFB3501504Zhejiang University Ningbo“Five in One”Campus Project(K-20213539)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)-printedgraphene aerogels hold promise for electromagneticwave absorption(EWA)engineering due to itsultralow density,outstanding electromagnetic dissipationwith the flexibility and precision of manufacturingstrategies.However,their high conductivitycauses severe impedance mismatch,limiting EWAperformance.3D printing requirements also constrainthe dielectric properties of printable grapheneinks,hindering the integration of high-performanceabsorbers with advanced manufacturing.This studyproposes a polyacrylic acid(PAA)gel-mediated3D porous graphene oxide(GO)aerogel multiscaleregulation strategy.Precise gel content control enablesdual-gradient tuning of the rheology(Benefitingdirect ink writing(DIW))and dielectric loss(Enhancing EWA)of GO/PAA composites and reduces aerogel density(6.9 mg cm^(-3)from28.2 mg cm^(-3)).Thermal reduction decomposes PAA into amorphous carbon nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide(rGO),enhancingimpedance matching and absorption via synergistic 0D/2D interfacial polarization and conductive loss.The optimized rGO/PAA aerogelachieves a minimum reflection loss(RL)of-39.86 dB at 2.5 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 8.36 GHz(9.64-18 GHz)at3.2 mm.Combining DIW and this aerogel,we design a metamaterial absorber(MA)with dual material(dielectric loss)and structural gradients.This MA exhibits an ultrawide EAB of 14 GHz(4-18 GHz)with a total thickness of 7.8 mm.This work establishes a coupled design paradigmof“composition-structure-performance,”providing an engineerable solution for developing lightweight,broadband EWA materials.
文摘当前,大语言模型(Large Language Model,LLM)在语言写作教学中的创新潜力日益显现,其中创意写作作为培养学生情感表达、批判性思维与创新能力的重要手段,正面临教学模式僵化、教学资源匮乏、评价模式单一等现实挑战,LLM的发展为其带来了新的机遇。为此,文章从世界知识、涌现能力、心理理论、思维链、硅基样本等角度分析了LLM在创意写作教学中的适用性,提出了基于LLM的创意写作应用框架,以通过多媒体创意激发和交互式创意激发相结合的形式,在写作过程中融入动态分析与个性化反馈。基于此框架,文章开发了相应的LLM4Writing平台,并在上海市S小学开展了为期5周的案例实践。案例结果表明,在LLM的技术赋能下学生在创意构思和表达能力等方面取得了显著进步,同时写作兴趣与创意潜力得到了有效激发。文章通过研究,旨在为LLM在创意写作教学中的应用提供理论基础和实践指导,推动写作教学模式创新和写作教学质量提升。
文摘二语写作是二语习得研究领域的重要组成部分。运用CiteSpace软件对近十年发表在Journal of Second Language Writing的231篇实证研究论文进行可视化分析,研究发现:二语写作研究整体呈波动性上升趋势,研究规模较为稳定,研究关注度逐渐提升;二语写作研究领域暂未形成明显的核心作者和机构的合作网络;研究主题主要聚焦二语写作教学方法的多元化、二语写作反馈的多焦点、二语写作评估与测试的科学化,以及学习者个体差异的多维影响等方面。基于此,提出未来该领域发展需加强学者、机构之间的相互合作;关注个体学习者写作过程的认知特征与情感因素,尤其重视青少年二语学习过程的研究;扩大二语写作纵向研究规模,推动研究的深入发展。
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFB2802000 and 2022YFB2804300)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.21DZ1100500)+3 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Projectthe Shanghai Frontiers Science Center Program(2021-2025 No.20)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61975123)Shanghai Scienceand Technology Innovation Action Plan(Grant No.23JC1403100)。
文摘Able to precisely control and manipulate materials'states at micro/nano-scale level,femtosecond(fs)laser micro/nano processing technology has undergone tremendous development over the past three decades.Free-forming three-dimensional(3D)microscale functional devices and inducing fascinating and unique physical or chemical phenomena have granted this technology powerful versatility that no other technology can match.As this technology advances rapidly in various fields of application,some key challenges have emerged and remain to be urgently addressed.This review firstly introduces the fundamental principles for understanding how fs laser pulses interact with materials and the associated unique phenomena in section 2.Then micro/nano-fabrication in transparent materials by fs laser processing is presented in section 3.Thereafter,several high efficiency/throughput fabrication methods as well as pulse-shaping techniques are listed in sections 4 and 5 reviews four-dimensional(4D)and nanoscale printing realized by fs laser processing technology.Special attention is paid to the heterogeneous integration(HI)of functional materials enabled by fs laser processing in section 6.Several intriguing examples of 3D functional micro-devices created by fs laser-based manufacturing methods such as microfluidics,lab-on-chip,micro-optics,micro-mechanics,micro-electronics,micro-bots and micro-biodevices are reviewed in section 7.Finally,a summary of the review and a perspective are proposed to explore the challenges and future opportunities for further betterment of fs laser micro/nano processing technology.
文摘This study contests the prevalent perception of graffiti writing,especially tagging and bombing,as meaningless vandalism.It contends that graffiti is a form of expression with intrinsic political implications.Leveraging the notion of spatial justice and Jacques Ranciere's philosophy,I demonstrate how graffiti reclaims urban visibility against the commercial monopoly of visibility in public spaces and challenges the inequitable allocation of opportunities for self-expression in modern cities.Despite writers'common denial of political motives,their actions may be interpreted as manifestations of resistance within wider sociospatial conflicts.This study situates grffti within discussions of political art,spatial commodification,and everyday resistance,proposing a normative framework for viewing the art of the urban signature as an activity that redefines"the community that speaks."
文摘Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in line with their cognitive levels based on students’needs;promote writing through debate,attach importance to the high integration of reading,speaking,and writing;and strengthen the subjectivity of students in writing by taking interest as the lead and life as the source.
文摘Giant panda writing is a classic form of thematic nature writing.Since the scientific discovery and the popularization of the giant panda by naturalists,this writing tradition has spanned nearly a century.Throughout this process,Chinese giant panda writing has developed its own distinct characteristics.Western giant panda writing encompasses genres such as scientific essays,fieldwork notes,and documentary works.Within Chinese giant panda writing,reportage,popular science works,and comprehensive,systematic documentary works all have representative authors and texts.In recent years,IP-oriented giant panda books have shown notable performance.While Chinese giant panda writing exhibits diverse types and perspectives,its scientific rigor,informative value,and innovative expression still require enhancement.As a form of thematic nature writing,giant panda writing provides valuable insights for writings on other subjects.
文摘Research in L2 writing assessment has overwhelmingly focused on helping students enhance their writing quality and global development in language proficiency by various means and approaches of assessment.However,studies of the learning on the part of EFL writing teachers,especially when engaging in collaborative assessment with students,are few and far between.This qualitative case study therefore fills this void of foregoing research by examining the learning and development of a Chinese EFL writing teacher who employed teacher-student collaborative assessment(TSCA)(Wen,2016)in an L2 academic writing course.Drawing upon multiple types of data,three themes emerged with regard to the learning of the L2 writing teacher:1)becoming more assessment literate and capable of providing constructive feedback;2)gaining more efficacy in instructional tactics,student engagement and classroom management;and 3)developing a better understanding of students’evaluation focus as well as their needs and expertise in writing.This study offers a robust picture of how TSCA can foster multidimensional teacher learning-cognitively,affectively,and relationally-affirming its value not only as an assessment tool but as a transformative pedagogical practice.
文摘The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)has brought significant changes to academic writing,raising important questions about authorship,originality,and how writing is taught and learned.While AI-based writing tools are now widely available,academic writing instruction has not kept pace and continues to rely on conventional pedagogical approaches.This paper introduces a conceptual framework called the Academic Writing and AI Integration(AWAI)Framework,which seeks to address this gap in a structured and pedagogically informed manner.Grounded in interdisciplinary scholarship,the AWAI Framework emphasizes the integration of three key elements:scholarly content knowledge,academic writing conventions,and AI literacy.Rather than reporting empirical findings,this study presents a theoretical model aimed at supporting educators and students as they navigate the opportunities and challenges posed by AI in academic contexts.The framework outlines a balanced approach to incorporating AI tools into writing instruction,while upholding the standards of academic rigor and ethical responsibility.Through this work,academic writing is reconsidered in light of emerging technological influences.The framework contributes to broader discussions about educational innovation and provides a foundation for future inquiry into the evolving relationship between human authors and intelligent systems in scholarly communication.
文摘Conversation B Susie:I know.Pencils are also better for drawing.You can make lines lighter or darker.Sam:But you have to sharpen pencils or add lead to them.Susie:You do.But pencils last longer than pens.Pen ink can dry out,but pencil lead doesn’t.Sam:But words look neater when you write in pen.Susie:They do.So,which pen do you want?Sam:One with blue ink,thanks.
文摘If a Chinese teenager were to describe my appearance,he or she would note:tan skin,straight black hair,almond-shaped eyes(杏眼),and an average height and weight.Upon being asked to list my interests,I would say:playing musical instruments,reading,writing,painting,dancing and going out with friends.I enjoy all kinds of food and music,and I do well in school while making time for family and friends.In many ways,I’m just like any typical Chinese teenager-except I live in the United States.
文摘One day,my friend asks me what my dream is.I think about it for some days.Then I tell my friend I have many dreams.I want to be a teacher,so I can teach my students all I know like my teachers.I like drawing and if I can draw what I see,that will be great.I want to travel around the world and see different places.Maybe I can be a writer and write down all the stories on the trip.When I grow up,I go to college and I can be a scientist.I will work hard and make the world better.
基金supported by the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT)(No.0071/2023/RIB3)Joint Research Funding Program between the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT)and the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(FDCTGDST)(No.0003-2024-AGJ).
文摘In this study,it aims at examining the differences between humangenerated and AI-generated texts in IELTS Writing Task 2.It especially focuses on lexical resourcefulness,grammatical accuracy,and contextual appropriateness.We analyzed 20 essays,including 10 human written ones by Chinese university students who have achieved an IELTS writing score ranging from 5.5 to 6.0,and 10 ChatGPT-4 Turbo-generated ones,using a mixed-methods approach,through corpus-based tools(NLTK,SpaCy,AntConc)and qualitative content analysis.Results showed that AI texts exhibited superior grammatical accuracy(0.4%–3%error rates for AI vs.20–26%for university students)but higher lexical repetition(17.2%to 23.25%for AI vs.17.68%for university students)and weaker contextual adaptability(3.33/10–3.69/10 for AI vs.3.23/10 to 4.14/10 for university students).While AI’s grammatical precision supports its utility as a corrective tool,human writers outperformed AI in lexical diversity and task-specific nuance.The findings advocate for a hybrid pedagogical model that leverages AI’s strengths in error detection while retaining human instruction for advanced lexical and contextual skills.Limitations include the small corpus and single-AI-model focus,suggesting future research with diverse datasets and longitudinal designs.
