This paper provides a deep evaluation of the energy consumption of routing protocols. The evaluation is done along with other metrics such as throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR). We introduce two more metrics t...This paper provides a deep evaluation of the energy consumption of routing protocols. The evaluation is done along with other metrics such as throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR). We introduce two more metrics to capture the efficiency of the energy consumption: e-throughput and e-PDR. Both are ratios in relation to the energy. We consider the three low layers of the stack. Three types of routing protocols are used: proactive, reactive, and hybrid. At the MAC and PHY layer, three radio types are considered: 802.11a/b/g. Finally, the number of nodes is varying in random topologies, with nodes being static or mobile. Simulations are conducted using NS3. The parameters of a real network interface card are used. From the results in mobile position scenarios, no protocol is outperforming the others;even if OLSR has the lowest energy consumption, most of the time. However, in constant position scenarios, AODV consumed a lower energy, apart from the scenarios using the 802.11a standard where HWMP energy consumption is the lowest. Regarding the energy efficiency, AODV protocols provided the best e-throughput and OLSR the best e-PDR in overall configurations. A framework for selecting energy-efficient routing protocol depending on network characteristics is proposed at the end.展开更多
A proactive routing protocol CL-OLSR （cross-layer based optimized link state routing） by using a brand-new routing metric CLM （cross-layer metric） is proposed. CL-OLSR takes into account four link quality impact f...A proactive routing protocol CL-OLSR （cross-layer based optimized link state routing） by using a brand-new routing metric CLM （cross-layer metric） is proposed. CL-OLSR takes into account four link quality impact factors in route calculation through the cross-layer operation mechanism： the node available bandwidth, the node load, the link delivery rate, and the link interference, and thus the effect of route selection is optimized greatly. The simulation results show that the proposed CL-OLSR protocol can not only improve the network throughput to a large extent, but also reduce the end-to-end delay, while achieving load balance route results.展开更多
Due to their easy-to-deploy and self-healing features, WMNs (Wireless Mesh Networks) are emerging as a new promising technology with a rich set of applications. While the IEEE standardization of this new technology is...Due to their easy-to-deploy and self-healing features, WMNs (Wireless Mesh Networks) are emerging as a new promising technology with a rich set of applications. While the IEEE standardization of this new technology is still in progress, its main traits are already set, e.g., architecture and MAC routing. WMNs are attracting considerable research in academia and industry as well, but the lack of open-source testbeds is restricting such a research to simulation tools. The main problem with simulation tools is that they do not reflect the complexity of RF propagation, especially in indoor environments, of which IEEE 802.11s WMNs are an example. This paper presents an open-source implementation of an indoor IEEE 802.11s WMN testbed. The implementation is transparent, easy-to-deploy, and both the source code and deployment instructions are available online. The implementation can serve as a blueprint for the WMN research community to deploy their own testbeds, negating the shortcomings of using simulation tools. By delving into the testbed implementation subtleties, this paper is shedding further light on the details of the ongoing IEEE 802.11s standard. Major encountered implementation problems (e.g., clients association, Internetworking, and supporting multiple gateways) are identified and addressed. To ascertain the functionality of the testbed, both UDP and TCP traffic are supported and operational. The testbed uses the default IEEE 802.11s HWMP (Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol) routing protocol along with the default IEEE 802.11s Airtime routing metric.展开更多
The traditional wired networks in an industrial firm often encounters large difficulties,such as the cable installation,regular maintenance and cable replacement and so on,all these results in high cost.So,in this pap...The traditional wired networks in an industrial firm often encounters large difficulties,such as the cable installation,regular maintenance and cable replacement and so on,all these results in high cost.So,in this paper,we propose an IP-based hierarchical wireless network architecture and apply some of the technologies of 6LoWPAN to it.We verify the proposed architecture via real implementation with a wireless backbone,sensor networks and a connection between those networks.And the IP-based hierarchical industrial network is indeed an advanced network for harsh industrial environments.展开更多
以优化的链路状态路由(optimized link state routing,OLSR)协议为原型,为无线Mesh网设计了一种基于节点区分和跨层设计的优化链路状态路由协议NDCL-OLSR(node-differentia-tion and cross-layer based optimized link state routing)....以优化的链路状态路由(optimized link state routing,OLSR)协议为原型,为无线Mesh网设计了一种基于节点区分和跨层设计的优化链路状态路由协议NDCL-OLSR(node-differentia-tion and cross-layer based optimized link state routing).该协议采用了一种新的路由判据NDCLM(node-differentiation and cross-layer metric),在路由计算过程中通过跨层操作机制综合考虑了节点当前负载和链路投递率2个因素对链路质量的影响,并且对节点的类型进行了区分,使得网络流量尽量绕开业务繁忙的超网关节点(SGW),从而大大优化了路由选择的效果.仿真结果表明,NDCL-OLSR能够从很大程度上提高网络的吞吐量,降低端到端的延时,并且能够达到负载均衡的路由效果.展开更多
文摘This paper provides a deep evaluation of the energy consumption of routing protocols. The evaluation is done along with other metrics such as throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR). We introduce two more metrics to capture the efficiency of the energy consumption: e-throughput and e-PDR. Both are ratios in relation to the energy. We consider the three low layers of the stack. Three types of routing protocols are used: proactive, reactive, and hybrid. At the MAC and PHY layer, three radio types are considered: 802.11a/b/g. Finally, the number of nodes is varying in random topologies, with nodes being static or mobile. Simulations are conducted using NS3. The parameters of a real network interface card are used. From the results in mobile position scenarios, no protocol is outperforming the others;even if OLSR has the lowest energy consumption, most of the time. However, in constant position scenarios, AODV consumed a lower energy, apart from the scenarios using the 802.11a standard where HWMP energy consumption is the lowest. Regarding the energy efficiency, AODV protocols provided the best e-throughput and OLSR the best e-PDR in overall configurations. A framework for selecting energy-efficient routing protocol depending on network characteristics is proposed at the end.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.ZYGX2009j006Foundation of Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province under Grant No.2011GZ0192
文摘A proactive routing protocol CL-OLSR （cross-layer based optimized link state routing） by using a brand-new routing metric CLM （cross-layer metric） is proposed. CL-OLSR takes into account four link quality impact factors in route calculation through the cross-layer operation mechanism： the node available bandwidth, the node load, the link delivery rate, and the link interference, and thus the effect of route selection is optimized greatly. The simulation results show that the proposed CL-OLSR protocol can not only improve the network throughput to a large extent, but also reduce the end-to-end delay, while achieving load balance route results.
文摘Due to their easy-to-deploy and self-healing features, WMNs (Wireless Mesh Networks) are emerging as a new promising technology with a rich set of applications. While the IEEE standardization of this new technology is still in progress, its main traits are already set, e.g., architecture and MAC routing. WMNs are attracting considerable research in academia and industry as well, but the lack of open-source testbeds is restricting such a research to simulation tools. The main problem with simulation tools is that they do not reflect the complexity of RF propagation, especially in indoor environments, of which IEEE 802.11s WMNs are an example. This paper presents an open-source implementation of an indoor IEEE 802.11s WMN testbed. The implementation is transparent, easy-to-deploy, and both the source code and deployment instructions are available online. The implementation can serve as a blueprint for the WMN research community to deploy their own testbeds, negating the shortcomings of using simulation tools. By delving into the testbed implementation subtleties, this paper is shedding further light on the details of the ongoing IEEE 802.11s standard. Major encountered implementation problems (e.g., clients association, Internetworking, and supporting multiple gateways) are identified and addressed. To ascertain the functionality of the testbed, both UDP and TCP traffic are supported and operational. The testbed uses the default IEEE 802.11s HWMP (Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol) routing protocol along with the default IEEE 802.11s Airtime routing metric.
基金MKE(the Ministry of Knowledge Economy),Korea,under the Convergence-ITRC support program(NIPA-2011C6150-1101-0004)supervised by the NIPA(National IT Industry Promotion Agency)KCC(Korea Communications Commis-sion),Korea,under the R&D program supervised by the KCA(Korea Communications Agency)(KCA-2011-08913-05001)
文摘The traditional wired networks in an industrial firm often encounters large difficulties,such as the cable installation,regular maintenance and cable replacement and so on,all these results in high cost.So,in this paper,we propose an IP-based hierarchical wireless network architecture and apply some of the technologies of 6LoWPAN to it.We verify the proposed architecture via real implementation with a wireless backbone,sensor networks and a connection between those networks.And the IP-based hierarchical industrial network is indeed an advanced network for harsh industrial environments.
文摘以优化的链路状态路由(optimized link state routing,OLSR)协议为原型,为无线Mesh网设计了一种基于节点区分和跨层设计的优化链路状态路由协议NDCL-OLSR(node-differentia-tion and cross-layer based optimized link state routing).该协议采用了一种新的路由判据NDCLM(node-differentiation and cross-layer metric),在路由计算过程中通过跨层操作机制综合考虑了节点当前负载和链路投递率2个因素对链路质量的影响,并且对节点的类型进行了区分,使得网络流量尽量绕开业务繁忙的超网关节点(SGW),从而大大优化了路由选择的效果.仿真结果表明,NDCL-OLSR能够从很大程度上提高网络的吞吐量,降低端到端的延时,并且能够达到负载均衡的路由效果.
