In this paper,the wind load on an arc-shaped canopy roof was studied with numerical wind tunnel method(NWTM) .Three-dimensional models were set up for the canopy roof with opened or closed skylights.The air flow aroun...In this paper,the wind load on an arc-shaped canopy roof was studied with numerical wind tunnel method(NWTM) .Three-dimensional models were set up for the canopy roof with opened or closed skylights.The air flow around the roof under wind action from three directions was analysed respectively.Wind pressure coefficients on the canopy roof were determined by NWTM.The results of NWTM agreed well with those of wind tunnel test for the roof with opened skylights,which verified the applicability and rationality of NWTM.The effect of the closure of skylights was then investigated with NWTM.It was concluded that the closure of the skylights may increase the wind suction on the top surface of the roof greatly and should be considered in the structure design of the canopy roof.展开更多
The flutter characteristics of folding control fins with freeplay are investigated by numer- ical simulation and flutter wind tunnel tests. Based on the characteristics of the structures, fins with different freeplay ...The flutter characteristics of folding control fins with freeplay are investigated by numer- ical simulation and flutter wind tunnel tests. Based on the characteristics of the structures, fins with different freeplay angles are designed. For a 0° angle of attack, wind tunnel tests of these fins are conducted, and vibration is observed by accelerometers and a high-speed camera. By the expansion of the connected relationships, the governing equations of fit for the nonlinear aeroelastic analysis are established by the free-interface component mode synthesis method. Based on the results of the wind tunnel tests, the flutter characteristics of fins with different freeplay angles are analyzed. The results show that the vibration divergent speed is increased, and the divergent speed is higher than the flutter speed of the nominal linear system. The vibration divergent speed is increased along with an increase in the freeplay angle. The developed free-interface component mode synthesis method could be used to establish governing equations and to analyze the characteristics of nonlinear aeroe- lastic systems. The results of the numerical simulations and the wind tunnel tests indicate the same trends and critical velocities.展开更多
For very sparse tree land individual tree was the basic element of interaction between atmosphere and the surface. Drag of isolated tree was preliminary aerodynamic index for analyzing the atmospheric boundary layer o...For very sparse tree land individual tree was the basic element of interaction between atmosphere and the surface. Drag of isolated tree was preliminary aerodynamic index for analyzing the atmospheric boundary layer of this kind of surface. A simple pendulum method was designed and carried out in wind tunnel to measure drag of isolated tree models according to balance law of moment of force. The method was easy to conduct and with small error The results showed that the drag and drag coefficient of isolated tree increased with decreasing of its permeability or porosity. Relationship between drag coefficient and permeability of isolated tree empirically was expressed by quadric curve.展开更多
高超声速转捩研究飞行器(Hypersonic Transition Research Vehicle,HyTRV)是为研究高超声速复杂三维边界层转捩而设计的升力体标模,其外形更接近真实飞行器。为深入认识HyTRV边界层稳定性特征及转捩机制,验证数值模拟和理论分析结果,本...高超声速转捩研究飞行器(Hypersonic Transition Research Vehicle,HyTRV)是为研究高超声速复杂三维边界层转捩而设计的升力体标模,其外形更接近真实飞行器。为深入认识HyTRV边界层稳定性特征及转捩机制,验证数值模拟和理论分析结果,本文在马赫数6常规风洞中,采用红外热成像技术和高频压力传感器,获得了0°和2°攻角时HyTRV标模下表面(迎风面)的边界层转捩阵面及不稳定波的演化特征,并与一维稳定性分析结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:攻角为2°时,标模下表面的横流失稳区较0°攻角时范围缩小且位置后移,标模中心线处转捩早于两侧横流区。另外,横流区存在宽频的高频信号,信号幅值在转捩完成前达到饱和。该信号包含多频段扰动,多种扰动之间相互作用导致频谱变宽,最终促使边界层转捩变为湍流。展开更多
The wind-induced responses of a large-scale membrane structure, Expo Boulevard, are evaluated in this study. To obtain the wind pressure distribution on the roof surface, a wind tunnel test is performed. A brief analy...The wind-induced responses of a large-scale membrane structure, Expo Boulevard, are evaluated in this study. To obtain the wind pressure distribution on the roof surface, a wind tunnel test is performed. A brief analysis of wind pressure on the membrane roof is conducted first and then an analysis of the wind-induced responses of the structure is carried out using a numerical integral method in the time domain. In the process of calculation, the geometrical nonlinearity is taken into account. Results indicate that mean, RSM and peak values of the structure responses increase nonlinearly while the approaching flow velocity increases. Strong nonlinear characteristics are observed in the displacement responses, whereas the responses of nodal stress and cable axial force show minimal nonlinear properties when the membrane structure is subjected to wind loads. Different values of the damping ratio only have a minimal impact on the RSM response of the structure because the background component is a dominant part of the total dynamic response and the resonant component is too small. As the damping ratio increases from 0.02 to 0.05, the RMS responses of vertical displacement, nodal stress and cable axial force decrease by 8.1%, 6.7% and 17.9%, respectively. Since the mean component plays a significant role in the wind-induced response, the values of the gust response factor are not high for Expo Boulevard.展开更多
冰晶结冰是威胁航空飞行安全的重要因素之一,研究冰风洞的结冰机理是研究高空冰晶结冰的重要基础。采用基于欧拉方法的数值模拟,实现冰风洞流场与粒子参数的双向耦合,以NRC大尺寸冰风洞为模型,计算分析了风洞进口不同平均体积直径(Media...冰晶结冰是威胁航空飞行安全的重要因素之一,研究冰风洞的结冰机理是研究高空冰晶结冰的重要基础。采用基于欧拉方法的数值模拟,实现冰风洞流场与粒子参数的双向耦合,以NRC大尺寸冰风洞为模型,计算分析了风洞进口不同平均体积直径(Median Volume Diameter,MVD)、总含水量(Total Water Content,TWC)以及相对湿度的情况下,粒子温度、液态水占总含水量的比例(Liquid Water Content/Total Water Content,LWC/TWC)、MVD以及流场温度等粒子和流场参数的沿程变化规律。结果表明:粒子运动速度受MVD、TWC和相对湿度的影响均不大;粒子温度变化受相对湿度影响较大,TWC的增加增大了粒子与流场整体的热交换;风洞出口MVD的大小受初始MVD大小、TWC以及相对湿度的影响均较大;受风洞收缩型构型以及粒子在风洞中的换热影响,空气温度沿流程是降低的,相对湿度沿程是增加的。初始TWC、MVD和相对湿度的变化均对风洞沿程的流场温度和相对湿度造成影响;增大TWC、增加MVD以及增大相对湿度,均有利于在风洞出口形成冰晶。展开更多
文摘In this paper,the wind load on an arc-shaped canopy roof was studied with numerical wind tunnel method(NWTM) .Three-dimensional models were set up for the canopy roof with opened or closed skylights.The air flow around the roof under wind action from three directions was analysed respectively.Wind pressure coefficients on the canopy roof were determined by NWTM.The results of NWTM agreed well with those of wind tunnel test for the roof with opened skylights,which verified the applicability and rationality of NWTM.The effect of the closure of skylights was then investigated with NWTM.It was concluded that the closure of the skylights may increase the wind suction on the top surface of the roof greatly and should be considered in the structure design of the canopy roof.
文摘The flutter characteristics of folding control fins with freeplay are investigated by numer- ical simulation and flutter wind tunnel tests. Based on the characteristics of the structures, fins with different freeplay angles are designed. For a 0° angle of attack, wind tunnel tests of these fins are conducted, and vibration is observed by accelerometers and a high-speed camera. By the expansion of the connected relationships, the governing equations of fit for the nonlinear aeroelastic analysis are established by the free-interface component mode synthesis method. Based on the results of the wind tunnel tests, the flutter characteristics of fins with different freeplay angles are analyzed. The results show that the vibration divergent speed is increased, and the divergent speed is higher than the flutter speed of the nominal linear system. The vibration divergent speed is increased along with an increase in the freeplay angle. The developed free-interface component mode synthesis method could be used to establish governing equations and to analyze the characteristics of nonlinear aeroe- lastic systems. The results of the numerical simulations and the wind tunnel tests indicate the same trends and critical velocities.
文摘For very sparse tree land individual tree was the basic element of interaction between atmosphere and the surface. Drag of isolated tree was preliminary aerodynamic index for analyzing the atmospheric boundary layer of this kind of surface. A simple pendulum method was designed and carried out in wind tunnel to measure drag of isolated tree models according to balance law of moment of force. The method was easy to conduct and with small error The results showed that the drag and drag coefficient of isolated tree increased with decreasing of its permeability or porosity. Relationship between drag coefficient and permeability of isolated tree empirically was expressed by quadric curve.
文摘高超声速转捩研究飞行器(Hypersonic Transition Research Vehicle,HyTRV)是为研究高超声速复杂三维边界层转捩而设计的升力体标模,其外形更接近真实飞行器。为深入认识HyTRV边界层稳定性特征及转捩机制,验证数值模拟和理论分析结果,本文在马赫数6常规风洞中,采用红外热成像技术和高频压力传感器,获得了0°和2°攻角时HyTRV标模下表面(迎风面)的边界层转捩阵面及不稳定波的演化特征,并与一维稳定性分析结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:攻角为2°时,标模下表面的横流失稳区较0°攻角时范围缩小且位置后移,标模中心线处转捩早于两侧横流区。另外,横流区存在宽频的高频信号,信号幅值在转捩完成前达到饱和。该信号包含多频段扰动,多种扰动之间相互作用导致频谱变宽,最终促使边界层转捩变为湍流。
基金National Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 51278368the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘The wind-induced responses of a large-scale membrane structure, Expo Boulevard, are evaluated in this study. To obtain the wind pressure distribution on the roof surface, a wind tunnel test is performed. A brief analysis of wind pressure on the membrane roof is conducted first and then an analysis of the wind-induced responses of the structure is carried out using a numerical integral method in the time domain. In the process of calculation, the geometrical nonlinearity is taken into account. Results indicate that mean, RSM and peak values of the structure responses increase nonlinearly while the approaching flow velocity increases. Strong nonlinear characteristics are observed in the displacement responses, whereas the responses of nodal stress and cable axial force show minimal nonlinear properties when the membrane structure is subjected to wind loads. Different values of the damping ratio only have a minimal impact on the RSM response of the structure because the background component is a dominant part of the total dynamic response and the resonant component is too small. As the damping ratio increases from 0.02 to 0.05, the RMS responses of vertical displacement, nodal stress and cable axial force decrease by 8.1%, 6.7% and 17.9%, respectively. Since the mean component plays a significant role in the wind-induced response, the values of the gust response factor are not high for Expo Boulevard.
文摘冰晶结冰是威胁航空飞行安全的重要因素之一,研究冰风洞的结冰机理是研究高空冰晶结冰的重要基础。采用基于欧拉方法的数值模拟,实现冰风洞流场与粒子参数的双向耦合,以NRC大尺寸冰风洞为模型,计算分析了风洞进口不同平均体积直径(Median Volume Diameter,MVD)、总含水量(Total Water Content,TWC)以及相对湿度的情况下,粒子温度、液态水占总含水量的比例(Liquid Water Content/Total Water Content,LWC/TWC)、MVD以及流场温度等粒子和流场参数的沿程变化规律。结果表明:粒子运动速度受MVD、TWC和相对湿度的影响均不大;粒子温度变化受相对湿度影响较大,TWC的增加增大了粒子与流场整体的热交换;风洞出口MVD的大小受初始MVD大小、TWC以及相对湿度的影响均较大;受风洞收缩型构型以及粒子在风洞中的换热影响,空气温度沿流程是降低的,相对湿度沿程是增加的。初始TWC、MVD和相对湿度的变化均对风洞沿程的流场温度和相对湿度造成影响;增大TWC、增加MVD以及增大相对湿度,均有利于在风洞出口形成冰晶。
基金National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)under Grant No.2013CB036300Ministry of Transport Application Foundation Research Project under Grant No.2013319822070+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.91215302,51222809 and 51178353Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
