Mepanipyrim,an anilinopyrimidine fungicide,has been extensively used to prevent fungal diseases in fruit culture.Currently,research on mepanipyrim-induced toxicity in organisms is still very scarce,especially visual d...Mepanipyrim,an anilinopyrimidine fungicide,has been extensively used to prevent fungal diseases in fruit culture.Currently,research on mepanipyrim-induced toxicity in organisms is still very scarce,especially visual developmental toxicity.Here,zebrafish larvae were employed to investigate mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity.Intense light andmonochromatic light stimuli-evoked escape experiments were used to investigate vision-guided behaviors.Meanwhile,transcriptomic sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR assays were applied to assess the potential mechanisms of mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity and vision-guided behavioral alteration.Our results showed that mepanipyrim exposure could induce retinal impairment and vision-guided behavioral alteration in larval zebrafish.In addition,the grk1b gene of the phototransduction signaling pathway was found to be a potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)-regulated gene.Mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity was potentially related to the AhR signaling pathway.Furthermore,mepanipyrim-induced behavioral alteration was guided by the visual function,and the effects of mepanipyrim on long and middle wavelength light-sensitive opsins may be the main cause of vision-guided behavioral alteration.Our results provide insights into understanding the relationship between visual development and vision-guided behaviors induced by mepanipyrim exposure.展开更多
How do individual neurons develop and how are they in- tegrated into neuronal circuitry？ To answer this question is essential to understand how the nervous system develops and how it is maintained during the adult li...How do individual neurons develop and how are they in- tegrated into neuronal circuitry？ To answer this question is essential to understand how the nervous system develops and how it is maintained during the adult life. A neural stem cell must go through several stages of maturation, including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and integration, to become fully embedded to an existing neuronal circuit. The knowledge on this topic so far has come mainly from cell culture studies. Studying the development of individual neurons within intact neuronal networks in vivo is inherently difficult. Most neurons are generated form neural stem cells during embryonic and early postnatal development.展开更多
The visual cortex is an essential part of the brain for processing visual information.It exhibits structural and functional plasticity,which is crucial for adapting to complex visual environments.The quintessential ma...The visual cortex is an essential part of the brain for processing visual information.It exhibits structural and functional plasticity,which is crucial for adapting to complex visual environments.The quintessential manifestation of visual cortical plasticity is ocular dominance plasticity during the critical period,which involves numerous cellular and molecular events.While previous studies have emphasized the role of visual cortical neurons and their associated functional molecules in visual plasticity,recent findings have revealed that structural factors such as the extracellular matrix and glia are also involved.Investigating how these molecules interact to form a complex network that facilitates plasticity in the visual cortex is crucial to our understanding of the development of the visual system and the advancement of therapeutic strategies for visual disorders like amblyopia.展开更多
The development of components of VEP was studied in 150 infants and children between 2 weeks and 9 years of age participated as subjects. Ten adult subjects, 25 ito 35 years of age were also studied. The results indic...The development of components of VEP was studied in 150 infants and children between 2 weeks and 9 years of age participated as subjects. Ten adult subjects, 25 ito 35 years of age were also studied. The results indicated that the VEP had a simple wave form, consisting of only a slowly rising positive wave to 140', 70' and 35' checks from infants of 2 to 8 weeks following birth. P_1 wave appeared in response to 17.5' check stimulus at 10 weeks following birth. The latencies of P_1 components shortened d...展开更多
The objective was to measure the visual acuity (VA) of children with the diagnosis of hydrocephalus with or without peritoneal-ventricular shunt (PVS). A total of 55 children were included in the study (34 Female), wi...The objective was to measure the visual acuity (VA) of children with the diagnosis of hydrocephalus with or without peritoneal-ventricular shunt (PVS). A total of 55 children were included in the study (34 Female), with an age range of 0 to 291 weeks. The VA was measured by the sweep visual evoked potential technique. Of those with a PVS, in 31 the ventricular valve was inserted before 15 days after the diagnosis whereas in 14 the ventricular valve was inserted after 15 days. The sweep VEP was performed in all children, 95 exams (94%) were abnormal and only 6 were normal. There was a statistical difference in the VA between children with a PVS inserted before 15 days of the diagnosis and children with a PVS after 15 days (p = 0.038) or those without a shunt (p = 0.031). Children with no complications of the PVS had a better VA as compared to those with shunt complications (p < 0.001). In the group of children with complications, again those who had a shunt inserted be-fore 15 days had better VA results in com- parison to those in whom the shunt was inserted after 15 days (p = 0.029). No statistical difference in the VA was found between children without the PVS and with those in which the shunt was inserted after 15 days of the di-agnosis of hydrocephalus (p = 0.699). We conclude that the delayed insertion of the PVS may compromise the visual development of these children.展开更多
a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors are considered to play a crucial role in synaptic plasticity in the developing visual cortex. In this study, we established a rat model of binocular form ...a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors are considered to play a crucial role in synaptic plasticity in the developing visual cortex. In this study, we established a rat model of binocular form deprivation by suturing the rat binocular eyelids before eye-opening at postnatal day 14. During development, the decay time of excitatory postsynaptic currents mediated by a-amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors of normal rats became longer after eye- opening; however, the decay time did not change significantly in binocular form deprivation rats. The peak value in the normal group became gradually larger with age, but there was no significant change in the binocular form deprivation group. These findings indicate that binocular form deprivation influences the properties of excitatory postsynaptic currents mediated by a-amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors in the rat visual cortex around the end of the critical period, indicating that form stimulation is associated with the experience-dependent modification of neuronal synapses in the visual cortex.展开更多
Purpose: To assess treatment results in pediatric patients with cataracts, to evaluate the efficacy of various surgical interventions, and to determine the factors that affect visual outcomes. Methods: This is aProspe...Purpose: To assess treatment results in pediatric patients with cataracts, to evaluate the efficacy of various surgical interventions, and to determine the factors that affect visual outcomes. Methods: This is aProspective cohort study. We studied a consecutive series of pediatric patients with congenital, developing, or traumatic cataracts who underwent surgery between January, 1999 and April, 2012 at Drashti Netralaya, Dahod. Patient demographics, cataract type, presenting symptoms, surgical intervention, postoperative visual acuity, and follow-up refractive changes were recorded. Results: In total, 1305 eyes of 1047 children were included: unilateral cataracts were present in 786 (60.2%) eyes. There were 610 (46.7%) traumatic and 695 (53.3%) non-traumatic cases. Ages at surgery ranged from 1 to 215 months. Eyes were grouped by the surgical intervention performed: Group 1, pars plana approach including 366 (28%) eyes that underwent lensectomies, and Group 2, anterior approach, including 939 (71.9%) eyes that underwent phacoemulsification ± IOL placement or small incision cataract surgery ± IOL placement. The mean follow-up time was 117 days. Ultimately, 113 (30.9%) Group 1 and 503 (53.6%) Group 2 patients achieved a visual acuity better than 20/60 (P < 0.001). Age at intervention, laterality, sensory nystagmus, pretreatment vision, IOL insertion, and etiology were all significantly related (all P < 0.001) to visual outcome. Conclusions: Surgical treatment with intraocular lens implantation for children with congenital, developmental, or traumatic cataracts is an effective treatment for visual rehabilitation. Visual outcome was significantly better in cases of traumatic cataracts versus non-traumatic cataracts.展开更多
Background: Magnocellular deficit theory is among the different hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of developmental dyslexia (DD). Dysfunction of the magnocellular system in DD has been ...Background: Magnocellular deficit theory is among the different hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of developmental dyslexia (DD). Dysfunction of the magnocellular system in DD has been investigated using mainly visual evoked potentials (VEPs), particularly transient VEPs, although recently abnormal steady-state VEPs have also been reported. The brain regions responsible for the abnormal VEPs in DD have yet to be elucidated, however. In this study, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography (fMRI-EEG) simultaneously to elucidate the brain areas that were found in a previous study to be activated through stimulation of the magnocellular system, and then investigated the mechanism involved in the dysfunction seen in DD.Methods: Subjects were 20 healthy individuals (TYP group;13 men, 7 women;mean ± standard deviation age, 26.3 ± 5.53 years) and 2 men with DD (aged 42 and 30 years). Images of brain activity were acquired with 3-Tesla MRI while the viewing the reversal of low-spatial frequency and low-contrast black-and-white sinusoidal gratings. EEG was recorded concurrently to obtain steady-state VEPs.Results: Stimulus frequency-dependent VEPs were observed in the posterior region of the brain in the TYP group;however, VEP amplitudes in both DD patients were clearly smaller than those in TYP. fMRI images revealed that both the primary and secondary visual cortices were activated by black-and- white sinusoidal gratings in the TYP group, whereas activity in the visual cortex overall was reduced in both DD patients.Conclusions: Present low spatial and high reversal frequency visual stimuli activated the primary visual cortex presumably through predominant activation of the magnocellular pathway. This finding indicates that some cases of adult patients of DD involve impairment of the visual magnocellular system.展开更多
基于中国知网和Web of Science核心期刊文献,本研究运用CiteSpace知识图谱分析工具和文献计量法对2015—2024年间国内外认知语法研究成果进行可视化分析,探究其研究现状和热点前沿。研究发现,国内外年发文量基本保持稳定;国内外均形成...基于中国知网和Web of Science核心期刊文献,本研究运用CiteSpace知识图谱分析工具和文献计量法对2015—2024年间国内外认知语法研究成果进行可视化分析,探究其研究现状和热点前沿。研究发现,国内外年发文量基本保持稳定;国内外均形成多个主要研究机构,但国内机构分布更为协调,国外聚焦于欧美地区;国内外研究机构、研究者间的合作水平均有待提高;国内更注重汉语的语言本体研究,国外致力于探索认知语法在语言教学、文学和多模态三个领域的应用。未来研究既可以将汉语作为出发点,对比汉英倚变句异同,又可以提出汉语词类界定的新方案,还可以探索如何将识解理论进一步应用于本土研究。国外在多个领域的认知语法应用启示国内学者还可以尝试将认知语法运用于语言教学等领域,发挥理论对实践的指导作用,助推国内研究发展。展开更多
目的可视化分析国内外发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)康复训练研究现状、热点及前沿,为未来相关研究提供参考。方法检索Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库以及中国知网(CNKI)数据库发表的与DDH康复训...目的可视化分析国内外发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)康复训练研究现状、热点及前沿,为未来相关研究提供参考。方法检索Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库以及中国知网(CNKI)数据库发表的与DDH康复训练相关的文献,检索时限为2000年1月1日至2024年6月1日,应用CiteSpace 6.3.R1软件进行可视化分析。结果纳入文献831篇,其中中文文献353篇,英文文献478篇。2000年至2022年英文文献发文量呈现稳定增长趋势,中文文献发文量于2000年至2019年呈小幅度波动状态,2019年至今呈下降趋势。国内外发文量最多的作者分别是以李连永和Clohisy John C为代表的团队,发文量最多的机构分别是中国医科大学附属盛京医院和哈佛大学。关键词共现与聚类分析显示,DDH康复训练的研究主要集中在手术方法、诊断、功能锻炼、粗大运动、术前模拟、家庭指导、中药疗法、并发症预防或治疗等方面。关键词突现分析显示,人工智能、深度学习、生活质量、疼痛、临床结局等或将成为未来DDH康复训练领域的研究热点和趋势。结论国内外对DDH康复训练相关研究一直处于持续探索阶段,未来有必要加强跨机构、跨地区间的合作交流,并借助人工智能、大数据平台等推动DDH康复训练研究进一步发展,全面改善患者临床结局,提升患者生活质量。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42177411)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No.2018J01067)
文摘Mepanipyrim,an anilinopyrimidine fungicide,has been extensively used to prevent fungal diseases in fruit culture.Currently,research on mepanipyrim-induced toxicity in organisms is still very scarce,especially visual developmental toxicity.Here,zebrafish larvae were employed to investigate mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity.Intense light andmonochromatic light stimuli-evoked escape experiments were used to investigate vision-guided behaviors.Meanwhile,transcriptomic sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR assays were applied to assess the potential mechanisms of mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity and vision-guided behavioral alteration.Our results showed that mepanipyrim exposure could induce retinal impairment and vision-guided behavioral alteration in larval zebrafish.In addition,the grk1b gene of the phototransduction signaling pathway was found to be a potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)-regulated gene.Mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity was potentially related to the AhR signaling pathway.Furthermore,mepanipyrim-induced behavioral alteration was guided by the visual function,and the effects of mepanipyrim on long and middle wavelength light-sensitive opsins may be the main cause of vision-guided behavioral alteration.Our results provide insights into understanding the relationship between visual development and vision-guided behaviors induced by mepanipyrim exposure.
基金supported by DFG Schwerpunkt program 1392(project MA 4113/2-2)cluster of Excellence and DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain(project B1-9)+1 种基金the German Ministry of Research and Education(BMBFproject 1364480)
文摘How do individual neurons develop and how are they in- tegrated into neuronal circuitry？ To answer this question is essential to understand how the nervous system develops and how it is maintained during the adult life. A neural stem cell must go through several stages of maturation, including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and integration, to become fully embedded to an existing neuronal circuit. The knowledge on this topic so far has come mainly from cell culture studies. Studying the development of individual neurons within intact neuronal networks in vivo is inherently difficult. Most neurons are generated form neural stem cells during embryonic and early postnatal development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81770956,81371049,32471055 and 82171090)Project of Tianjin 131 Innovative Talent Team(201936)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Tianjin(21JCYBJC00780)the Science and Technology Fund for Health of Tianjin(TJWJ2023ZD008)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX01)ZJLab,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology,the Lingang Laboratory(LG-QS-202203-12)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(TJYXZDXK‑016A).
文摘The visual cortex is an essential part of the brain for processing visual information.It exhibits structural and functional plasticity,which is crucial for adapting to complex visual environments.The quintessential manifestation of visual cortical plasticity is ocular dominance plasticity during the critical period,which involves numerous cellular and molecular events.While previous studies have emphasized the role of visual cortical neurons and their associated functional molecules in visual plasticity,recent findings have revealed that structural factors such as the extracellular matrix and glia are also involved.Investigating how these molecules interact to form a complex network that facilitates plasticity in the visual cortex is crucial to our understanding of the development of the visual system and the advancement of therapeutic strategies for visual disorders like amblyopia.
文摘The development of components of VEP was studied in 150 infants and children between 2 weeks and 9 years of age participated as subjects. Ten adult subjects, 25 ito 35 years of age were also studied. The results indicated that the VEP had a simple wave form, consisting of only a slowly rising positive wave to 140', 70' and 35' checks from infants of 2 to 8 weeks following birth. P_1 wave appeared in response to 17.5' check stimulus at 10 weeks following birth. The latencies of P_1 components shortened d...
基金supported by grants to MFC from CNPq 401153/2009-6 Ciencias Humanas.MFC is CNPq research fellow.
文摘The objective was to measure the visual acuity (VA) of children with the diagnosis of hydrocephalus with or without peritoneal-ventricular shunt (PVS). A total of 55 children were included in the study (34 Female), with an age range of 0 to 291 weeks. The VA was measured by the sweep visual evoked potential technique. Of those with a PVS, in 31 the ventricular valve was inserted before 15 days after the diagnosis whereas in 14 the ventricular valve was inserted after 15 days. The sweep VEP was performed in all children, 95 exams (94%) were abnormal and only 6 were normal. There was a statistical difference in the VA between children with a PVS inserted before 15 days of the diagnosis and children with a PVS after 15 days (p = 0.038) or those without a shunt (p = 0.031). Children with no complications of the PVS had a better VA as compared to those with shunt complications (p < 0.001). In the group of children with complications, again those who had a shunt inserted be-fore 15 days had better VA results in com- parison to those in whom the shunt was inserted after 15 days (p = 0.029). No statistical difference in the VA was found between children without the PVS and with those in which the shunt was inserted after 15 days of the di-agnosis of hydrocephalus (p = 0.699). We conclude that the delayed insertion of the PVS may compromise the visual development of these children.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.30772350
文摘a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors are considered to play a crucial role in synaptic plasticity in the developing visual cortex. In this study, we established a rat model of binocular form deprivation by suturing the rat binocular eyelids before eye-opening at postnatal day 14. During development, the decay time of excitatory postsynaptic currents mediated by a-amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors of normal rats became longer after eye- opening; however, the decay time did not change significantly in binocular form deprivation rats. The peak value in the normal group became gradually larger with age, but there was no significant change in the binocular form deprivation group. These findings indicate that binocular form deprivation influences the properties of excitatory postsynaptic currents mediated by a-amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors in the rat visual cortex around the end of the critical period, indicating that form stimulation is associated with the experience-dependent modification of neuronal synapses in the visual cortex.
文摘Purpose: To assess treatment results in pediatric patients with cataracts, to evaluate the efficacy of various surgical interventions, and to determine the factors that affect visual outcomes. Methods: This is aProspective cohort study. We studied a consecutive series of pediatric patients with congenital, developing, or traumatic cataracts who underwent surgery between January, 1999 and April, 2012 at Drashti Netralaya, Dahod. Patient demographics, cataract type, presenting symptoms, surgical intervention, postoperative visual acuity, and follow-up refractive changes were recorded. Results: In total, 1305 eyes of 1047 children were included: unilateral cataracts were present in 786 (60.2%) eyes. There were 610 (46.7%) traumatic and 695 (53.3%) non-traumatic cases. Ages at surgery ranged from 1 to 215 months. Eyes were grouped by the surgical intervention performed: Group 1, pars plana approach including 366 (28%) eyes that underwent lensectomies, and Group 2, anterior approach, including 939 (71.9%) eyes that underwent phacoemulsification ± IOL placement or small incision cataract surgery ± IOL placement. The mean follow-up time was 117 days. Ultimately, 113 (30.9%) Group 1 and 503 (53.6%) Group 2 patients achieved a visual acuity better than 20/60 (P < 0.001). Age at intervention, laterality, sensory nystagmus, pretreatment vision, IOL insertion, and etiology were all significantly related (all P < 0.001) to visual outcome. Conclusions: Surgical treatment with intraocular lens implantation for children with congenital, developmental, or traumatic cataracts is an effective treatment for visual rehabilitation. Visual outcome was significantly better in cases of traumatic cataracts versus non-traumatic cataracts.
文摘Background: Magnocellular deficit theory is among the different hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of developmental dyslexia (DD). Dysfunction of the magnocellular system in DD has been investigated using mainly visual evoked potentials (VEPs), particularly transient VEPs, although recently abnormal steady-state VEPs have also been reported. The brain regions responsible for the abnormal VEPs in DD have yet to be elucidated, however. In this study, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography (fMRI-EEG) simultaneously to elucidate the brain areas that were found in a previous study to be activated through stimulation of the magnocellular system, and then investigated the mechanism involved in the dysfunction seen in DD.Methods: Subjects were 20 healthy individuals (TYP group;13 men, 7 women;mean ± standard deviation age, 26.3 ± 5.53 years) and 2 men with DD (aged 42 and 30 years). Images of brain activity were acquired with 3-Tesla MRI while the viewing the reversal of low-spatial frequency and low-contrast black-and-white sinusoidal gratings. EEG was recorded concurrently to obtain steady-state VEPs.Results: Stimulus frequency-dependent VEPs were observed in the posterior region of the brain in the TYP group;however, VEP amplitudes in both DD patients were clearly smaller than those in TYP. fMRI images revealed that both the primary and secondary visual cortices were activated by black-and- white sinusoidal gratings in the TYP group, whereas activity in the visual cortex overall was reduced in both DD patients.Conclusions: Present low spatial and high reversal frequency visual stimuli activated the primary visual cortex presumably through predominant activation of the magnocellular pathway. This finding indicates that some cases of adult patients of DD involve impairment of the visual magnocellular system.
文摘基于中国知网和Web of Science核心期刊文献,本研究运用CiteSpace知识图谱分析工具和文献计量法对2015—2024年间国内外认知语法研究成果进行可视化分析,探究其研究现状和热点前沿。研究发现,国内外年发文量基本保持稳定;国内外均形成多个主要研究机构,但国内机构分布更为协调,国外聚焦于欧美地区;国内外研究机构、研究者间的合作水平均有待提高;国内更注重汉语的语言本体研究,国外致力于探索认知语法在语言教学、文学和多模态三个领域的应用。未来研究既可以将汉语作为出发点,对比汉英倚变句异同,又可以提出汉语词类界定的新方案,还可以探索如何将识解理论进一步应用于本土研究。国外在多个领域的认知语法应用启示国内学者还可以尝试将认知语法运用于语言教学等领域,发挥理论对实践的指导作用,助推国内研究发展。
文摘目的可视化分析国内外发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)康复训练研究现状、热点及前沿,为未来相关研究提供参考。方法检索Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库以及中国知网(CNKI)数据库发表的与DDH康复训练相关的文献,检索时限为2000年1月1日至2024年6月1日,应用CiteSpace 6.3.R1软件进行可视化分析。结果纳入文献831篇,其中中文文献353篇,英文文献478篇。2000年至2022年英文文献发文量呈现稳定增长趋势,中文文献发文量于2000年至2019年呈小幅度波动状态,2019年至今呈下降趋势。国内外发文量最多的作者分别是以李连永和Clohisy John C为代表的团队,发文量最多的机构分别是中国医科大学附属盛京医院和哈佛大学。关键词共现与聚类分析显示,DDH康复训练的研究主要集中在手术方法、诊断、功能锻炼、粗大运动、术前模拟、家庭指导、中药疗法、并发症预防或治疗等方面。关键词突现分析显示,人工智能、深度学习、生活质量、疼痛、临床结局等或将成为未来DDH康复训练领域的研究热点和趋势。结论国内外对DDH康复训练相关研究一直处于持续探索阶段,未来有必要加强跨机构、跨地区间的合作交流,并借助人工智能、大数据平台等推动DDH康复训练研究进一步发展,全面改善患者临床结局,提升患者生活质量。
