This study reviews the hepatotoxic chemicals,mechanisms of toxicity,and detoxification methods of Toosendan Fructus(TF).Limonin-type triterpenoids,as primary hepatotoxic components,mediate toxicity though inflammation...This study reviews the hepatotoxic chemicals,mechanisms of toxicity,and detoxification methods of Toosendan Fructus(TF).Limonin-type triterpenoids,as primary hepatotoxic components,mediate toxicity though inflammation,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,ferroptosis,and apoptosis.Hepatotoxicity can be mitigated by controlling dosage,using processed forms of the herbs,and through rational herbal compatibility.The review provides insights for enhancing the safety and clinical application of TF.展开更多
Objective This study was conducted to optimize the operational parameters of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic （A^2/O） processes to reduce the toxicity of municipal wastewater and evaluate its ability to reduce toxicity. Method...Objective This study was conducted to optimize the operational parameters of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic （A^2/O） processes to reduce the toxicity of municipal wastewater and evaluate its ability to reduce toxicity. Methods A luminescent bacterium toxicity bioassay was employed to assess the toxicity of influent and effluent of each reactor in the A2/O system. Results The optimum operational parameters for toxicity reduction were as follows： anaerobic hydraulic retention time （HRT） = 2.8 h, anoxic HRT = 2.8 h, aerobic HRT = 6.9 h, sludge retention time （SRT） = 15 days and internal recycle ratio （IRR） = 100%. An important toxicity reduction （%） was observed in the optimized A2/O process, even when the toluene concentration of the influent was 120.7 mg·L^-1. Conclusions The toxicity of municipal wastewater was reduced significantly during the A^2/O process. A^2/O process can be used for toxicity reduction of municipal wastewater under toxic-shock loading.展开更多
Due to the unique antibacterial activities, silver nanoparticles（AgNPs） have been extensively used in commercial products. Anthropogenic activities have released considerable AgNPs as well as highly toxic silver ion...Due to the unique antibacterial activities, silver nanoparticles（AgNPs） have been extensively used in commercial products. Anthropogenic activities have released considerable AgNPs as well as highly toxic silver ion（Ag^＋） into the aquatic environment.Our recent study revealed that ubiquitous natural organic matter（NOM） could reduce Ag^＋to Ag NP under natural sunlight. However, the toxic effect of this process is not well understood. In this work, we prepared mixture solution of Ag^＋and AgNPs with varied Ag^＋% through the sunlight-driven reduction of Ag^＋by NOM and investigated the acute toxicity of the solutions on Daphnia magna. Formation of AgNPs was demonstrated and characterized by comprehensive techniques and the fraction of unconverted Ag^＋was determined by ultrafiltration-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination. The formation of AgNPs enhanced significantly with the increasing of solution p H and cumulative photosynthetically active radiation of sunlight. The toxicity of the resulting solution was further investigated by using freshwater crustacean D. magna as a model and an 8 hr-median lethal concentration（LC50） demonstrated that the reduction of Ag^＋by NOM to AgNPs significantly mitigated the acute toxicity of silver. These results highlight the importance of sunlight and NOM in the fate, transformation and toxicity of Ag^＋and AgNPs,and further indicate that the acute toxicity of AgNPs should be mainly ascribed to the dissolved Ag^＋from AgNPs.展开更多
Developing high performance electrocatalysts for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is essential for the widespread application of fuel cells.Herein,a promising Pt_(2)NiCo atomic ordered ternary intermetallic ...Developing high performance electrocatalysts for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is essential for the widespread application of fuel cells.Herein,a promising Pt_(2)NiCo atomic ordered ternary intermetallic compound with N-doped carbon layer coating(o-Pt_(2)NiCo@NC)has been synthesized via a facile method and applied in acidic ORR.The confinement effect provided by the carbon layer not only inhibits the agglomeration and sintering of intermetallic nanoparticles during high temperature process but also provides adequate protection for the nanoparticles,mitigating the aggregation,detachment and poisoning of nanoparticles during the electrochemical process.As a result,the o-Pt_(2)NiCo@NC demonstrates a mass activity(MA)and specific activity(SA)of 0.65 A/mgPt and 1.41mA/cm_(Pt) ^(2) in 0.1mol/L HClO_(4),respectively.In addition,after 30,000 potential cycles from 0.6 V to 1.0 V,the MA of o-Pt_(2)NiCo@NC shows much lower decrease than the disordered Pt_(2)NiCo alloy and Pt/C.Even cycling at high potential cycles of 1.5 V for 10,000 cycles,the MA still retains∼70%,demonstrating superior long-term durability.Furthermore,the o-Pt_(2)NiCo@NC also exhibits strong tolerance to CO,SO_(x),and PO_(x) molecules in toxicity tolerance tests.The strategy in this work provides a novel insight for the development of ORR catalysts with high catalytic activity,durability and toxicity tolerance.展开更多
The MXenes,a new class of two-dimensional layered materials,have found extensive applications in water treatment for its excellent thermal stability,electrical conductivity,and excellent adsorption ability.Sulfidized ...The MXenes,a new class of two-dimensional layered materials,have found extensive applications in water treatment for its excellent thermal stability,electrical conductivity,and excellent adsorption ability.Sulfidized nano zero-valent iron(S-nZVI)is a good reducing agent,however,the practical application of S-nZVI is currently restricted due to the tendency of nano materials to agglomerate.Herein,MXenes use as a support and in situ loading S-nZVI on it to prepare a new material(S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)),and applied it to U(VI)removal in water treatment.The microscopic characterization proves that S-nZVI on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) has good dispersion and effectively alleviates agglomeration.Batch experiments shown that SnZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) has a very good effect on U(VI)removal,and themaximumadsorption capacity reaches 674.4mg/g under the aerobic condition at pH=6.0.The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model were found to be more appropriate for describing the adsorption behavior.This indicates that the removal process is a single molecular layer chemisorption.Moreover,the S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) maintained a removal efficiency of over 85%for U(VI)even after being reused five times,demonstrating its excellent reusability.It is worth noting that the material can remove 79.8%of 50 mg/L of U(VI)in simulated seawater,indicating that S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) possessed an excellent uranium extraction performance from seawater.Experimental results and XPS analysis showed that U(VI)was removed by adsorption,reduction and co-precipitation.Moreover,S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) was a lowtoxicitymaterial to Hyriopsis cumingii.Therefore,S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) was expected to be a candidate as adsorbent with great potential in removal of uranium from wastewater and seawater.展开更多
The degradation of metoprolol(MTP)by the UV/sulfite with oxygen as an advanced reduction process(ARP)and that without oxygen as an advanced oxidation process(AOP)was comparatively studied herein.The degradation of MTP...The degradation of metoprolol(MTP)by the UV/sulfite with oxygen as an advanced reduction process(ARP)and that without oxygen as an advanced oxidation process(AOP)was comparatively studied herein.The degradation of MTP by both processes followed the first-order rate law with comparable reaction rate constants of 1.50×10^(-3)sec^(−1)and 1.20×10^(-3)sec^(−1),respectively.Scavenging experiments demonstrated that both e^(−)_(aq)and H·played a crucial role in MTP degradation by the UV/sulfite as an ARP,while SO_(4)^(·−)was the dominant oxidant in the UV/sulfite AOP.The degradation kinetics of MTP by the UV/sulfite as an ARP and AOP shared a similar pH dependence with a minimum rate obtained around pH 8.The results could be well explained by the pH impacts on the MTP speciation and sulfite species.Totally six transformation products(TPs)were identified from MTP degradation by the UV/sulfite ARP,and two additional ones were detected in the UV/sulfite AOP.The benzene ring and ether groups of MTP were proposed as the major reactive sites for both processes based on molecular orbital calculations by density functional theory(DFT).The similar degradation products of MTP by the UV/sulfite process as an ARP and AOP indicated that e^(−)_(aq)/H·and SO_(4)^(·−)might share similar reaction mechanisms,primarily including hydroxylation,dealkylation,and H abstraction.The toxicity of MTP solution treated by the UV/sulfite AOP was calculated to be higher than that in the ARP by the Ecological Struc-ture Activity Relationships(ECOSAR)software,due to the accumulation of TPs with higher toxicity.展开更多
The development of distinguished photocatalysts with high photo-carrier disassociation and photo-redox power for efficient elimination of pollutants in water is of great significance but still a grand challenge.Herein...The development of distinguished photocatalysts with high photo-carrier disassociation and photo-redox power for efficient elimination of pollutants in water is of great significance but still a grand challenge.Herein,a novel Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S/Bi_(2)WO_(6) S-scheme heterojunction was built up by integrating Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanoparticles on Bi2WO6 microspheres via a simple route.The S-scheme charge transfer mode substantially boosts the high-energetic electrons/holes spatial detachment and conservation on the Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(reduction)and Bi_(2)WO_(6)(oxidation),respectively,as well as effectively suppresses the photo-corrosion of Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S,rendering Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S/Bi_(2)WO_(6) photocatalysts with superior redox ability.The optimal Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunction achieves exceptional visible-light-driven photocatalytic tetracycline degradation and Cr(VI)reduction efficiency,3.2(1.9)-time and 33.6(1.6)-time stronger than that of neat Bi_(2)WO_(6)(Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S),while retaining the superior stability and reusability.Quenching test,mass spectrometry analysis,and toxicity assessment based on Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships.calculation unravel the prime active substances,intermediates,photo-degradation pathway,and intermediate eco-toxicity in photocatalytic process.This research not only offers a potential photocatalyst for aquatic environment protection but also promotes the exploration of novel and powerful chalcogenides-based S-scheme photocatalysts for environment protection.展开更多
Selective catalytic reduction(SCR) catalyst waste is a hazardous solid waste that seriously threatens the environment and public health.In this study,a thermal melting technology is proposed for the treatment of waste...Selective catalytic reduction(SCR) catalyst waste is a hazardous solid waste that seriously threatens the environment and public health.In this study,a thermal melting technology is proposed for the treatment of waste SCR catalysts.The melting characteristics and mineral phase transformation of waste SCR catalysts blended with three different groups of additives were explored by heating stage microscopy,thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry(TG/DSC) analysis,thermodynamic simulation,and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis;heavy metal leaching toxicity was tested by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(I CP-AES) analysis.The results indicated that the melting point of waste SCR catalysts can be effectively reduced with proper additives.The additive formula of 39.00% Fe2 O3(in weight),6.50% CaO,3.30% SiO2,and 1.20% Al2 O3 achieves the optimal fluxing behavior,significantly decreasing the initial melting temperature from 1223℃ to1169℃.Furthermore,the whole heating process of waste SCR catalysts can be divided into three stages:the solid reaction stage,the sintering stage,and the primary melting stage.The leaching concentrations of V,As,Pb,and Se are significantly reduced,from 10.64,1.054,0.195,and 0.347 mg/L to 0.178,0.025,0.048,and 0.003 mg/L,respectively,much lower than the standard limits after melting treatment,showing the strong immobilization capacity of optimal additives for heavy metals in waste SCR catalysts.The results demonstrate the feasibility of harmless melting treatments for waste SCR catalysts with relatively low energy consumption,providing theoretical support for a novel method of disposing of hazardous waste SCR catalysts.展开更多
The traditional Chinese medicine Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia(Fuzi)is pungent and sweet in taste,hot in nature,and has high toxicity.It governs the meridians of the heart,kidney and spleen.It has the functions of ...The traditional Chinese medicine Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia(Fuzi)is pungent and sweet in taste,hot in nature,and has high toxicity.It governs the meridians of the heart,kidney and spleen.It has the functions of restoring yang to save from collapse,dispersing cold and removing dampness,and warming the middle to relieve pain.It is often used for the treatment of yang collapse,cold limbs,weak pulse,heart yang deficiency,heart pain due to chest impediment,abdominal cold-pain,kidney yang deficiency,impotence and cold in womb,and syndrome of exogenous disease due to yang deficiency,etc.Its great yang qi and strong medicinal properties often bring about toxic and adverse effects.However,after processing or combination with other medicinal materials,the effects of Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia are quite different.Not only the toxicity is greatly reduced,but also the curative effects are strengthened.Through searching related literature,this paper reviewed the researches about the toxicity reduction and curative effect improvement of Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia,in order to provide a certain theoretic reference for future further research of Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia.展开更多
The huge performance enhancements of the organometal halide perovskite solar cells(OHPSCs) have appealed enormous attention within recent ten years. Although the rapid growth of the device power conversion efficiency(...The huge performance enhancements of the organometal halide perovskite solar cells(OHPSCs) have appealed enormous attention within recent ten years. Although the rapid growth of the device power conversion efficiency(PCE) has attained over 25%, the contamination of health-hazardous components still holds back its sustainable applications. To reduce the lead usage, many groups have tried chemical lead reduction solutions: substituting the lead by other group 14 metal elements to realize the low-lead OHPSCs. Unfortunately, neither the PCE nor the stability, low-lead OHPSCs all lag far behind the state-ofthe-art conventional lead-based OHPSCs. In this work, we present a physical lead reduction(PLR) concept by reducing the perovskite film thickness to restrict the perovskite hazard risk with minor scarification in device performances. Through the simulation of transfer matrix model, we theoretically demonstrated that by introducing the optical space layer, the device PCE could maintain 96% of the original maximum value while attenuating the perovskite film thickness to one-third. This means that the usage of lead can be reduced by $70% with PLR concept, which could have broad appeal as a new lead reduction strategy towards high performance OHPSCs.展开更多
In the first part of the article, the column and the bag experiments concerning removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nonpolar oil (NPO) from tunnel wash waters using organic sorbent materials have be...In the first part of the article, the column and the bag experiments concerning removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nonpolar oil (NPO) from tunnel wash waters using organic sorbent materials have been described. This part presents the results of removal of toxic metals. The metals of concern (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mo, Ni, and Zn) were selected based on the priority toxicant pollutants defined in surface water quality criteria. Concentrations of these metals in the collected effluent...展开更多
Biomass-derived N-doped carbon(BNC)is an important environmental material and widely used in the fields of water purification and soil remediation.However,the toxicant in the commonly used synthesis process of BNC mat...Biomass-derived N-doped carbon(BNC)is an important environmental material and widely used in the fields of water purification and soil remediation.However,the toxicant in the commonly used synthesis process of BNC materials have been largely ignored.Herein,we firstly report the presence of a highly toxic by-product(KCN)in the activation process of BNC materials consequential of the carbothermal reduction reaction.Because this carbothermal reduction reaction also regulates the N-doping and pore development of BNC materials,the KCN content directly relates with the properties of BNC material properties.Accordingly,a high KCN content(-611 mg)can occur in the production process of per g BNC material with high specific surface area(-3600 m^2/g).Because the application performance of BNC material is determined by the surface area and available N doping,therefore,production of a BNC material with high performance entails high risk.Undoubtedly,this study proves a completely new risk recognition on a familiar synthesis process of biomass-based material.And,strict protective device should be taken in fabrication process of biomass-derived carbon material.展开更多
Photocatalytic detoxification of highly toxic agents is a promising approach to protect the ecological environment and human health,and the key problem lies in the development of novel efficient photoca-talysts.Herein...Photocatalytic detoxification of highly toxic agents is a promising approach to protect the ecological environment and human health,and the key problem lies in the development of novel efficient photoca-talysts.Herein,we report a 2D versatile photocatalyst[Co^(Ⅱ)(bcbpy)_(2)(θ-Mo_(8)O_(26))_(0.5)]·5H_(2)O(BHU-1,bcbpy=1-(4-carboxybenzyl)-4,4’-bipyridinium)by incorporating isopolymolybdate into a cobalt-viologen frame-work using a structural design strategy.The photocatalytic performance of BHU-1 was evaluated by 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide(CEES)oxidation,Cr(VI)reduction and RhB decolorization.BHU-1 exhibits an effective photogenerated electron-hole separation rate.Under visible light irradiation as a representative condition,the photooxidation conversion of CEES is 98%with 97%selectivity to CEESO within only 5 min;the photoreduction rate of Cr(Ⅵ)to Cr(Ⅲ)reached 95%within 30 min;the photocatalytic decolori-zation rate of RhB is 100%within 90 min.Additionally,the photocatalytic effects of BHU-1 under full spectrum and NIR light irradiation were also studied.Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectra and the bandgap energy further demonstrate the accuracy of the electron transport.Furthermore,the photo-catalytic reaction kinetics and the mechanisms of the above three photocatalytic processes were studied in detail.展开更多
文摘This study reviews the hepatotoxic chemicals,mechanisms of toxicity,and detoxification methods of Toosendan Fructus(TF).Limonin-type triterpenoids,as primary hepatotoxic components,mediate toxicity though inflammation,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,ferroptosis,and apoptosis.Hepatotoxicity can be mitigated by controlling dosage,using processed forms of the herbs,and through rational herbal compatibility.The review provides insights for enhancing the safety and clinical application of TF.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation Project grants of China(No.50878165,No.21007010)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-08-0403)+4 种基金the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20090075120007)the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China(No.09230500200)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.10D11308)the Key Special Program on the S&T for the Pollution Control and Treatment of Water Bodies(No. 2008ZX07316-003)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (No.B604)
文摘Objective This study was conducted to optimize the operational parameters of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic （A^2/O） processes to reduce the toxicity of municipal wastewater and evaluate its ability to reduce toxicity. Methods A luminescent bacterium toxicity bioassay was employed to assess the toxicity of influent and effluent of each reactor in the A2/O system. Results The optimum operational parameters for toxicity reduction were as follows： anaerobic hydraulic retention time （HRT） = 2.8 h, anoxic HRT = 2.8 h, aerobic HRT = 6.9 h, sludge retention time （SRT） = 15 days and internal recycle ratio （IRR） = 100%. An important toxicity reduction （%） was observed in the optimized A2/O process, even when the toluene concentration of the influent was 120.7 mg·L^-1. Conclusions The toxicity of municipal wastewater was reduced significantly during the A^2/O process. A^2/O process can be used for toxicity reduction of municipal wastewater under toxic-shock loading.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 21025729)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21337004, 21207124)the Young Scientists Fund of RCEES (No. RCEES-QN20130028F)
文摘Due to the unique antibacterial activities, silver nanoparticles（AgNPs） have been extensively used in commercial products. Anthropogenic activities have released considerable AgNPs as well as highly toxic silver ion（Ag^＋） into the aquatic environment.Our recent study revealed that ubiquitous natural organic matter（NOM） could reduce Ag^＋to Ag NP under natural sunlight. However, the toxic effect of this process is not well understood. In this work, we prepared mixture solution of Ag^＋and AgNPs with varied Ag^＋% through the sunlight-driven reduction of Ag^＋by NOM and investigated the acute toxicity of the solutions on Daphnia magna. Formation of AgNPs was demonstrated and characterized by comprehensive techniques and the fraction of unconverted Ag^＋was determined by ultrafiltration-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination. The formation of AgNPs enhanced significantly with the increasing of solution p H and cumulative photosynthetically active radiation of sunlight. The toxicity of the resulting solution was further investigated by using freshwater crustacean D. magna as a model and an 8 hr-median lethal concentration（LC50） demonstrated that the reduction of Ag^＋by NOM to AgNPs significantly mitigated the acute toxicity of silver. These results highlight the importance of sunlight and NOM in the fate, transformation and toxicity of Ag^＋and AgNPs,and further indicate that the acute toxicity of AgNPs should be mainly ascribed to the dissolved Ag^＋from AgNPs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(No.22279036)the Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base of New Energy Chemistry and Device(No.B21003).
文摘Developing high performance electrocatalysts for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is essential for the widespread application of fuel cells.Herein,a promising Pt_(2)NiCo atomic ordered ternary intermetallic compound with N-doped carbon layer coating(o-Pt_(2)NiCo@NC)has been synthesized via a facile method and applied in acidic ORR.The confinement effect provided by the carbon layer not only inhibits the agglomeration and sintering of intermetallic nanoparticles during high temperature process but also provides adequate protection for the nanoparticles,mitigating the aggregation,detachment and poisoning of nanoparticles during the electrochemical process.As a result,the o-Pt_(2)NiCo@NC demonstrates a mass activity(MA)and specific activity(SA)of 0.65 A/mgPt and 1.41mA/cm_(Pt) ^(2) in 0.1mol/L HClO_(4),respectively.In addition,after 30,000 potential cycles from 0.6 V to 1.0 V,the MA of o-Pt_(2)NiCo@NC shows much lower decrease than the disordered Pt_(2)NiCo alloy and Pt/C.Even cycling at high potential cycles of 1.5 V for 10,000 cycles,the MA still retains∼70%,demonstrating superior long-term durability.Furthermore,the o-Pt_(2)NiCo@NC also exhibits strong tolerance to CO,SO_(x),and PO_(x) molecules in toxicity tolerance tests.The strategy in this work provides a novel insight for the development of ORR catalysts with high catalytic activity,durability and toxicity tolerance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277063)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(No.2021M702886)+1 种基金the Leading Innovative Talents cultivation Project of Changzhou City(No.CQ20230096)the Research Initiation Project of Changzhou University.
文摘The MXenes,a new class of two-dimensional layered materials,have found extensive applications in water treatment for its excellent thermal stability,electrical conductivity,and excellent adsorption ability.Sulfidized nano zero-valent iron(S-nZVI)is a good reducing agent,however,the practical application of S-nZVI is currently restricted due to the tendency of nano materials to agglomerate.Herein,MXenes use as a support and in situ loading S-nZVI on it to prepare a new material(S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)),and applied it to U(VI)removal in water treatment.The microscopic characterization proves that S-nZVI on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) has good dispersion and effectively alleviates agglomeration.Batch experiments shown that SnZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) has a very good effect on U(VI)removal,and themaximumadsorption capacity reaches 674.4mg/g under the aerobic condition at pH=6.0.The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model were found to be more appropriate for describing the adsorption behavior.This indicates that the removal process is a single molecular layer chemisorption.Moreover,the S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) maintained a removal efficiency of over 85%for U(VI)even after being reused five times,demonstrating its excellent reusability.It is worth noting that the material can remove 79.8%of 50 mg/L of U(VI)in simulated seawater,indicating that S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) possessed an excellent uranium extraction performance from seawater.Experimental results and XPS analysis showed that U(VI)was removed by adsorption,reduction and co-precipitation.Moreover,S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) was a lowtoxicitymaterial to Hyriopsis cumingii.Therefore,S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) was expected to be a candidate as adsorbent with great potential in removal of uranium from wastewater and seawater.
基金This study was supported by the Guangdong introducing innovative and entrepreneurial teams(No.2019ZT08L213)the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(No.GML2019ZD0403)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51979044 and 42177045)the Young Talent Project of Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai(No.310432101)We also thank the support received from China Scholarship Council(CSC)for providing a graduate fellowship to Y.C.(No.202006120356).
文摘The degradation of metoprolol(MTP)by the UV/sulfite with oxygen as an advanced reduction process(ARP)and that without oxygen as an advanced oxidation process(AOP)was comparatively studied herein.The degradation of MTP by both processes followed the first-order rate law with comparable reaction rate constants of 1.50×10^(-3)sec^(−1)and 1.20×10^(-3)sec^(−1),respectively.Scavenging experiments demonstrated that both e^(−)_(aq)and H·played a crucial role in MTP degradation by the UV/sulfite as an ARP,while SO_(4)^(·−)was the dominant oxidant in the UV/sulfite AOP.The degradation kinetics of MTP by the UV/sulfite as an ARP and AOP shared a similar pH dependence with a minimum rate obtained around pH 8.The results could be well explained by the pH impacts on the MTP speciation and sulfite species.Totally six transformation products(TPs)were identified from MTP degradation by the UV/sulfite ARP,and two additional ones were detected in the UV/sulfite AOP.The benzene ring and ether groups of MTP were proposed as the major reactive sites for both processes based on molecular orbital calculations by density functional theory(DFT).The similar degradation products of MTP by the UV/sulfite process as an ARP and AOP indicated that e^(−)_(aq)/H·and SO_(4)^(·−)might share similar reaction mechanisms,primarily including hydroxylation,dealkylation,and H abstraction.The toxicity of MTP solution treated by the UV/sulfite AOP was calculated to be higher than that in the ARP by the Ecological Struc-ture Activity Relationships(ECOSAR)software,due to the accumulation of TPs with higher toxicity.
文摘The development of distinguished photocatalysts with high photo-carrier disassociation and photo-redox power for efficient elimination of pollutants in water is of great significance but still a grand challenge.Herein,a novel Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S/Bi_(2)WO_(6) S-scheme heterojunction was built up by integrating Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanoparticles on Bi2WO6 microspheres via a simple route.The S-scheme charge transfer mode substantially boosts the high-energetic electrons/holes spatial detachment and conservation on the Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(reduction)and Bi_(2)WO_(6)(oxidation),respectively,as well as effectively suppresses the photo-corrosion of Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S,rendering Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S/Bi_(2)WO_(6) photocatalysts with superior redox ability.The optimal Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunction achieves exceptional visible-light-driven photocatalytic tetracycline degradation and Cr(VI)reduction efficiency,3.2(1.9)-time and 33.6(1.6)-time stronger than that of neat Bi_(2)WO_(6)(Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S),while retaining the superior stability and reusability.Quenching test,mass spectrometry analysis,and toxicity assessment based on Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships.calculation unravel the prime active substances,intermediates,photo-degradation pathway,and intermediate eco-toxicity in photocatalytic process.This research not only offers a potential photocatalyst for aquatic environment protection but also promotes the exploration of novel and powerful chalcogenides-based S-scheme photocatalysts for environment protection.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFB0604104)。
文摘Selective catalytic reduction(SCR) catalyst waste is a hazardous solid waste that seriously threatens the environment and public health.In this study,a thermal melting technology is proposed for the treatment of waste SCR catalysts.The melting characteristics and mineral phase transformation of waste SCR catalysts blended with three different groups of additives were explored by heating stage microscopy,thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry(TG/DSC) analysis,thermodynamic simulation,and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis;heavy metal leaching toxicity was tested by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(I CP-AES) analysis.The results indicated that the melting point of waste SCR catalysts can be effectively reduced with proper additives.The additive formula of 39.00% Fe2 O3(in weight),6.50% CaO,3.30% SiO2,and 1.20% Al2 O3 achieves the optimal fluxing behavior,significantly decreasing the initial melting temperature from 1223℃ to1169℃.Furthermore,the whole heating process of waste SCR catalysts can be divided into three stages:the solid reaction stage,the sintering stage,and the primary melting stage.The leaching concentrations of V,As,Pb,and Se are significantly reduced,from 10.64,1.054,0.195,and 0.347 mg/L to 0.178,0.025,0.048,and 0.003 mg/L,respectively,much lower than the standard limits after melting treatment,showing the strong immobilization capacity of optimal additives for heavy metals in waste SCR catalysts.The results demonstrate the feasibility of harmless melting treatments for waste SCR catalysts with relatively low energy consumption,providing theoretical support for a novel method of disposing of hazardous waste SCR catalysts.
基金Program of Key Laboratory of Zhuang and Yao Medicine(Gui Ke Ji Zi[2014]No.32)Program of Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhuang and Yao Medicine(Gui Jiao Ke Yan[2013]No.20)+2 种基金First-class Discipline in Guangxi:Traditional Chinese Medicine(0501802815)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82060695):Quality Evaluation of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo in Guangxi Based on"Light-Quality"ResponseGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region National Medicine Resources and Application Engineering Research Center(Gui Fa Gai Gao Ji Han[2020]No.2605).
文摘The traditional Chinese medicine Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia(Fuzi)is pungent and sweet in taste,hot in nature,and has high toxicity.It governs the meridians of the heart,kidney and spleen.It has the functions of restoring yang to save from collapse,dispersing cold and removing dampness,and warming the middle to relieve pain.It is often used for the treatment of yang collapse,cold limbs,weak pulse,heart yang deficiency,heart pain due to chest impediment,abdominal cold-pain,kidney yang deficiency,impotence and cold in womb,and syndrome of exogenous disease due to yang deficiency,etc.Its great yang qi and strong medicinal properties often bring about toxic and adverse effects.However,after processing or combination with other medicinal materials,the effects of Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia are quite different.Not only the toxicity is greatly reduced,but also the curative effects are strengthened.Through searching related literature,this paper reviewed the researches about the toxicity reduction and curative effect improvement of Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia,in order to provide a certain theoretic reference for future further research of Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia.
文摘目的 通过文献计量学方法系统梳理中药致肝毒性研究的整体态势,揭示其研究热点与发展趋势,并从物质基础、作用机制、研究方法、减毒策略及临床评价等维度展开探讨,为中药安全性评价与合理应用提供参考。方法 检索中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)和Web of Science(WOS)数据库中关于中药致肝毒性的中英文文献,检索时间为1982年1月—2025年7月,利用CiteSpace文献计量学工具对研究文献发表的时间分布、核心作者、核心研究机构、高频关键词及突现词进行分析,揭示该领域的研究前沿和热点。结果 分别从CNKI和WOS数据库筛选获得552篇中文文献和181篇英文文献。中英文文献发文量最多的作者均是肖小河和王伽伯,中英文文献发文量最多的研究机构均是北京中医药大学和上海中医药大学。文献计量学结果显示,中药致肝毒性研究的发文量逐年增加,研究热点主要集中于高风险药材(何首乌、大黄及雷公藤等)、毒性成分(蒽醌类、吡咯里西啶类生物碱等)及其分子作用机制。进一步分析可知,中药致肝毒性研究已逐步构建起从基础机制解析到临床安全性评价的系统研究链条。物质基础与作用机制方面,聚焦于高风险药材及其活性成分,揭示了代谢活化、氧化应激、免疫炎症与细胞凋亡等多通路协同介导的肝损伤机制;研究方法层面,经历了从传统动物实验与病理学观察到细胞与分子生物学、系统毒理学、网络药理学及新兴类器官和肝芯片等多学科交叉手段的演进;减毒策略方面,围绕药材炮制、合理配伍、剂型优化以及药物基因组学指导下的个体化干预等途径,形成了较为系统的减毒体系;临床评价方面,病例报告、因果判定体系与真实世界研究的不断完善,推动了中药安全性研究逐渐趋向循证化与国际化。结论 当前中药致肝毒性研究呈现出由定性描述向定量分析、经验判断向证据支撑的科学化发展路径,未来研究需在深入揭示其物质基础与作用机制的同时,强化新兴技术与大数据挖掘应用,完善安全性评价体系,为中药的合理用药与现代化发展提供支撑。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB932203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91733301, 61722501, 61377025, 91433203, and 61604121)Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Support Project (8206200013)
文摘The huge performance enhancements of the organometal halide perovskite solar cells(OHPSCs) have appealed enormous attention within recent ten years. Although the rapid growth of the device power conversion efficiency(PCE) has attained over 25%, the contamination of health-hazardous components still holds back its sustainable applications. To reduce the lead usage, many groups have tried chemical lead reduction solutions: substituting the lead by other group 14 metal elements to realize the low-lead OHPSCs. Unfortunately, neither the PCE nor the stability, low-lead OHPSCs all lag far behind the state-ofthe-art conventional lead-based OHPSCs. In this work, we present a physical lead reduction(PLR) concept by reducing the perovskite film thickness to restrict the perovskite hazard risk with minor scarification in device performances. Through the simulation of transfer matrix model, we theoretically demonstrated that by introducing the optical space layer, the device PCE could maintain 96% of the original maximum value while attenuating the perovskite film thickness to one-third. This means that the usage of lead can be reduced by $70% with PLR concept, which could have broad appeal as a new lead reduction strategy towards high performance OHPSCs.
基金the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (Statens Vegvesen Vegdirektoratet)Bioforsk programme "Urban Runoff" founded for preparation of this article
文摘In the first part of the article, the column and the bag experiments concerning removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nonpolar oil (NPO) from tunnel wash waters using organic sorbent materials have been described. This part presents the results of removal of toxic metals. The metals of concern (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mo, Ni, and Zn) were selected based on the priority toxicant pollutants defined in surface water quality criteria. Concentrations of these metals in the collected effluent...
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21876030)。
文摘Biomass-derived N-doped carbon(BNC)is an important environmental material and widely used in the fields of water purification and soil remediation.However,the toxicant in the commonly used synthesis process of BNC materials have been largely ignored.Herein,we firstly report the presence of a highly toxic by-product(KCN)in the activation process of BNC materials consequential of the carbothermal reduction reaction.Because this carbothermal reduction reaction also regulates the N-doping and pore development of BNC materials,the KCN content directly relates with the properties of BNC material properties.Accordingly,a high KCN content(-611 mg)can occur in the production process of per g BNC material with high specific surface area(-3600 m^2/g).Because the application performance of BNC material is determined by the surface area and available N doping,therefore,production of a BNC material with high performance entails high risk.Undoubtedly,this study proves a completely new risk recognition on a familiar synthesis process of biomass-based material.And,strict protective device should be taken in fabrication process of biomass-derived carbon material.
基金supported by the NSFC(no.21901018,21971024)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(no.2019M650498)the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1902011).
文摘Photocatalytic detoxification of highly toxic agents is a promising approach to protect the ecological environment and human health,and the key problem lies in the development of novel efficient photoca-talysts.Herein,we report a 2D versatile photocatalyst[Co^(Ⅱ)(bcbpy)_(2)(θ-Mo_(8)O_(26))_(0.5)]·5H_(2)O(BHU-1,bcbpy=1-(4-carboxybenzyl)-4,4’-bipyridinium)by incorporating isopolymolybdate into a cobalt-viologen frame-work using a structural design strategy.The photocatalytic performance of BHU-1 was evaluated by 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide(CEES)oxidation,Cr(VI)reduction and RhB decolorization.BHU-1 exhibits an effective photogenerated electron-hole separation rate.Under visible light irradiation as a representative condition,the photooxidation conversion of CEES is 98%with 97%selectivity to CEESO within only 5 min;the photoreduction rate of Cr(Ⅵ)to Cr(Ⅲ)reached 95%within 30 min;the photocatalytic decolori-zation rate of RhB is 100%within 90 min.Additionally,the photocatalytic effects of BHU-1 under full spectrum and NIR light irradiation were also studied.Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectra and the bandgap energy further demonstrate the accuracy of the electron transport.Furthermore,the photo-catalytic reaction kinetics and the mechanisms of the above three photocatalytic processes were studied in detail.
