摘要
氨气是蛋鸡集约化养殖的核心污染物,其生成源于蛋鸡内源性代谢与外源性粪便尿酸降解,受品种、温湿度及管理措施调控。高浓度氨气通过对机体多系统产生毒性而影响蛋鸡健康和福利,导致生产性能下降及免疫抑制。当前氨减排主要聚焦营养调控、环境控制及粪污控制技术。本文系统综述了蛋鸡生产中氨的生成与排放、毒性机制及减排技术,旨在为蛋鸡健康养殖中精准环境管理提供理论借鉴。
Ammonia constitutes the core pollutant in the intensive breeding of laying hens.Its generation stems from the endogenous metabolism of laying hens and the degradation of exogenous fecal uric acid,and is regulated by factors such as breeds,temperature,humidity,and management measures.In China,the annual fecal discharge of laying hens amounts to 2.411 billion tons,with undigested protein and uric acid contributing over 70%of ammonia emissions.The emissions exhibit temporal and spatial heterogeneity,including diurnal fluctuations,seasonal contradictions,and spatial gradient distributions.High-concentration ammonia threatens the health and welfare of laying hens through multi-system toxic mechanisms,damaging the respiratory mucosal barrier and disrupting the intestinal flora,resulting in declined production performance and immunosuppression.The current emission reduction system focuses on techniques such as nutritional regulation,intelligent environmental control,and fecal waste resource utilization.This review systematically integrates the research progress regarding ammonia generation and emission patterns,multi-system toxic mechanisms,and emission reduction technologies in laying hen production,aiming to provide theoretical foundations and practical approaches for precise environmental management in healthy laying hen breeding and nitrogen resource utilization under the"dual carbon"targets.
作者
李超
金艳华
刘海英
LI Chao;JIN Yanhua;LIU Haiying(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Shenyang Agricultural University,Liaoning Shenyang 110866,China;Liaoning Provincial Agricultural Development Service Center,Liaoning Shenyang 111000,China)
出处
《中国畜牧杂志》
北大核心
2025年第7期95-101,共7页
Chinese Journal of Animal Science
基金
辽宁省科技特派团(2024JH5/10400045)
国家自然科学基金(32272901)
沈阳农业大学教育教学研究项目(2022-60)。
关键词
蛋鸡生产
氨产生
排放特征
毒性机制
减排
Laying hens production
Ammonia generation
Emission characteristics
Mechanism of toxicity
Emission reduction
