Electrochemical synthesis of value-added chemicals represents a promising approach to address multidisciplinary demands.This technology establishes direct pathways for electricity-to-chemical conversion while signific...Electrochemical synthesis of value-added chemicals represents a promising approach to address multidisciplinary demands.This technology establishes direct pathways for electricity-to-chemical conversion while significantly reducing the carbon footprint of chemical manufacturing.It simultaneously optimizes chemical energy storage and grid management,offering sustainable solutions for renewable energy utilization and overcoming geographical constraints in energy distribution.As a critical nexus between renewable energy and green chemistry,electrochemical synthesis serves dual roles in energy transformation and chemical production,emerging as a vital component in developing carbon-neutral circular economies.Focusing on key small molecules(H_(2)O,CO_(2),N_(2),O_(2)),this comment examines fundamental scientific challenges and practical barriers in electrocatalytic conversion processes,bridging laboratory innovations with industrial-scale implementation.展开更多
To promote charge transfer and separation for efficient photocatalysis,a direct Z-scheme heterostructure was constructed by coupling polymeric carbon nitride(PCN) and WO_(3).Interestingly,the obtained PCN/WO_(3)Z-sche...To promote charge transfer and separation for efficient photocatalysis,a direct Z-scheme heterostructure was constructed by coupling polymeric carbon nitride(PCN) and WO_(3).Interestingly,the obtained PCN/WO_(3)Z-scheme heterostructure could photocataly tic ally produce hydrogen and value-added chemicals(e.g.,formate and acetate) by reforming of plastic polylactic acid(PLA) in alkaline aqueous condition.By optimizing WO_(3) contents and reaction conditions,the obtained PCN/WO_(3)heterostructure exhibits much increased photocatalytic activity for PLA photoreforming under visible light,with hydrogen evolution rate reaching 402.90 μmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1),which is 3.5 times that of PCN.It is revealed that the Z-scheme charge transfer between PCN and WO_(3) mainly contributes to the promoted charge separation and thus the improved photocatalytic activity.Moreover,with h+and·OH experimentally evidenced as the predominant active species,a possible reaction pathway for the reforming of PLA into value-added chemicals(e.g.,formate and acetate)over PCN/WO_(3) Z-scheme heterostructure is cleared by monitoring the reaction intermediates and radicals.This work paves a carbon neutrality and scalable route toward the synergistical production of hydrogen and value-added chemicals by utilizing and recycling plastic waste.展开更多
The significant increase in demand for fuels and chemicals driven by global economic expansion has exacerbated concerns over fossil fuel consumption and environmental pollution.To achieve sustainable production of fue...The significant increase in demand for fuels and chemicals driven by global economic expansion has exacerbated concerns over fossil fuel consumption and environmental pollution.To achieve sustainable production of fuels and chemicals,biomass resources provide a rich repository for carbon-neutral,green renewable energy,and organic carbon.This paper reviews the transformation and utilization of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives,emphasizing their valorization into high-quality chemicals and biofuels.The advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment methods are discussed based on the composition of lignocellulose.Furthermore,the methods and pathways for the valorization and conversion of cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin are detailed according to the unique functional groups of different lignocellulosic platform molecules.However,the complex and resilient structure of biomass presents challenges for the disassembly and utiliza-tion of single components,and achieving high yields and selectivity for target products remains difficult.In conclusion,this paper comprehensively reviews the various types and pretreatment technologies of lignocellulose,focusing on the methods and pathways for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass and its de-rivatives,thereby providing clear guidance and insights for optimizing lignocel-lulose utilization in the future.展开更多
Urea as a source of cheap non-protein nitrogen is used to adulterate fish and meat meals which are basic components of broiler diets. The present study was carried out to elucidate the effects of urea on weight gain, ...Urea as a source of cheap non-protein nitrogen is used to adulterate fish and meat meals which are basic components of broiler diets. The present study was carried out to elucidate the effects of urea on weight gain, and hematological and biochemical profiles. A total of 48 broiler chicks were randomly allotted into 4 groups, designated Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 of 12 birds each. Birds in Groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed on diets containing urea at the levels of 1%, 2.5% and 4%, respectively. Birds in Group 1 served as control and were not exposed to urea. Experimentation period was for 3 weeks and experiment was terminated when birds were 42 days of age. Body weight of all intoxicated birds at the various intervals was significantly decreased in comparison with that of the untreated control. Compared with control, all intoxicated broilers manifested significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in all hematological parameters involving erythrocytic and total leucocytic counts, Hemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) on a dose- and time-pattern. In comparison with the control levels, biochemical profile of the intoxicated birds disclosed significant decrease in blood glucose level and significant increase in serum uric acid, urea, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Based upon the present data, it was concluded that the addition of urea to broiler diets bears serious sequences concerning the general health condition, performance, weight gain, and hematological and biochemical profiles.展开更多
The electrochemical conversion of small organic molecules to value-added chemicals and hydrogen/electricity without CO_(2) emissions integrates efficient energy conversions(hydrogen energy or electricity)and value-add...The electrochemical conversion of small organic molecules to value-added chemicals and hydrogen/electricity without CO_(2) emissions integrates efficient energy conversions(hydrogen energy or electricity)and value-added chemical productions in one reaction system,which is essentially competitive in the carbon-neutral era.However,the activity,stability,and cost-effectiveness of electrocatalysts,as well as the safety,durability,and scalability of devices,are still challenging for their industrial applications.In addition,a lack of knowledge about relevant and detailed mechanisms restricts the further development of electrocatalysts and devices.A timely review of the electrocatalysts,devices,and mechanisms is essential to shed lights on the correct direction towards further development.In this review,the advances in the design of electrocatalysts,fabrication of devices,and understanding of reaction mechanisms are comprehensively summarized and analyzed.The major challenges are also discussed as well as the potential approaches to overcoming them. The insights for further development areprovided to offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to cogeneration of energy and chemicalsproduction.展开更多
The effect of fishmeal quality on growth,feed conversion ratio and protein digestibility was studied in a growth experiment with shrimp and red seabream.The shrimp and fish were fed three diets varing in the quality o...The effect of fishmeal quality on growth,feed conversion ratio and protein digestibility was studied in a growth experiment with shrimp and red seabream.The shrimp and fish were fed three diets varing in the quality of the fishmeal used in the respective feeds: low quality fish meal,good quality fish meal,and Peru fish meal.The experiment lasted for 2 months.The shrimp and fish fed the feed with good quality fish meal showed significantly better feed conversion ratio,weight gain rate,protein digestibility than the other groups.展开更多
The increase in natural gas reserves makes methane a significant hydrocarbon feedstock. However, thedirect catalytic conversion of methane into liquid fuels and useful chemicals remains a great challenge,and many stud...The increase in natural gas reserves makes methane a significant hydrocarbon feedstock. However, thedirect catalytic conversion of methane into liquid fuels and useful chemicals remains a great challenge,and many studies have been devoted to this field in the past decades. Electrocatalysis is considered asan important alternative approach for the direct conversion of methane into value-added chemicals, al-though many other innovative methods have been developed. This review highlights recent advances inelectrocatalytic conversion of methane to ethylene and methanol, two important chemicals. The electro-catalytic systems efficient for methane conversions are summarized with an emphasis on catalysts andelectrolytes. The effects of reaction conditions such as the temperature and the acid-base property of thereaction medium are also discussed,展开更多
Valorization of organic solid waste(OSW)is a promising avenue for the production of value-added products and renewable energy sources.This paper offers an exhaustive review of the thermochem-ical conversion processes ...Valorization of organic solid waste(OSW)is a promising avenue for the production of value-added products and renewable energy sources.This paper offers an exhaustive review of the thermochem-ical conversion processes in spouted bed reactors,which yield products like biochar,bio-oil,and syngas,as well as energy forms such as heat and electricity.While numerous studies have been conducted on thermoconversion in spouted beds,there is a scarcity of systematic reviews on this topic.This paper underscores the importance of spouted beds in torrefaction,pyrolysis,and gasification,drawing on both experimental and simulation perspectives.By focusing on reactor design,reaction condition optimiza-tion,and catalyst enhancement,OSW can be more efficiently transformed into valuable products and bioenergy.Furthermore,the integration of simulation and modeling offers profound insights into the intricate reactions that occur during thermal conversion.Current simulation studies in spouted bed reactors are primarily centered around reaction kinetics,Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)modeling,the Multiphase Particle-In-Cell(MP-PIC)approach,and process simulation.The future integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)is anticipated to enhance parameter optimization with greater precision and facilitate industrial scale-up.The paper concludes with a synthesis and contemplation of the prospective advancements in spouted bed technology.展开更多
文摘Electrochemical synthesis of value-added chemicals represents a promising approach to address multidisciplinary demands.This technology establishes direct pathways for electricity-to-chemical conversion while significantly reducing the carbon footprint of chemical manufacturing.It simultaneously optimizes chemical energy storage and grid management,offering sustainable solutions for renewable energy utilization and overcoming geographical constraints in energy distribution.As a critical nexus between renewable energy and green chemistry,electrochemical synthesis serves dual roles in energy transformation and chemical production,emerging as a vital component in developing carbon-neutral circular economies.Focusing on key small molecules(H_(2)O,CO_(2),N_(2),O_(2)),this comment examines fundamental scientific challenges and practical barriers in electrocatalytic conversion processes,bridging laboratory innovations with industrial-scale implementation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52225606)。
文摘To promote charge transfer and separation for efficient photocatalysis,a direct Z-scheme heterostructure was constructed by coupling polymeric carbon nitride(PCN) and WO_(3).Interestingly,the obtained PCN/WO_(3)Z-scheme heterostructure could photocataly tic ally produce hydrogen and value-added chemicals(e.g.,formate and acetate) by reforming of plastic polylactic acid(PLA) in alkaline aqueous condition.By optimizing WO_(3) contents and reaction conditions,the obtained PCN/WO_(3)heterostructure exhibits much increased photocatalytic activity for PLA photoreforming under visible light,with hydrogen evolution rate reaching 402.90 μmol·g~(-1)·h~(-1),which is 3.5 times that of PCN.It is revealed that the Z-scheme charge transfer between PCN and WO_(3) mainly contributes to the promoted charge separation and thus the improved photocatalytic activity.Moreover,with h+and·OH experimentally evidenced as the predominant active species,a possible reaction pathway for the reforming of PLA into value-added chemicals(e.g.,formate and acetate)over PCN/WO_(3) Z-scheme heterostructure is cleared by monitoring the reaction intermediates and radicals.This work paves a carbon neutrality and scalable route toward the synergistical production of hydrogen and value-added chemicals by utilizing and recycling plastic waste.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22122807,No.22378038)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT23RC(3)044).
文摘The significant increase in demand for fuels and chemicals driven by global economic expansion has exacerbated concerns over fossil fuel consumption and environmental pollution.To achieve sustainable production of fuels and chemicals,biomass resources provide a rich repository for carbon-neutral,green renewable energy,and organic carbon.This paper reviews the transformation and utilization of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives,emphasizing their valorization into high-quality chemicals and biofuels.The advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment methods are discussed based on the composition of lignocellulose.Furthermore,the methods and pathways for the valorization and conversion of cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin are detailed according to the unique functional groups of different lignocellulosic platform molecules.However,the complex and resilient structure of biomass presents challenges for the disassembly and utiliza-tion of single components,and achieving high yields and selectivity for target products remains difficult.In conclusion,this paper comprehensively reviews the various types and pretreatment technologies of lignocellulose,focusing on the methods and pathways for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass and its de-rivatives,thereby providing clear guidance and insights for optimizing lignocel-lulose utilization in the future.
文摘Urea as a source of cheap non-protein nitrogen is used to adulterate fish and meat meals which are basic components of broiler diets. The present study was carried out to elucidate the effects of urea on weight gain, and hematological and biochemical profiles. A total of 48 broiler chicks were randomly allotted into 4 groups, designated Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 of 12 birds each. Birds in Groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed on diets containing urea at the levels of 1%, 2.5% and 4%, respectively. Birds in Group 1 served as control and were not exposed to urea. Experimentation period was for 3 weeks and experiment was terminated when birds were 42 days of age. Body weight of all intoxicated birds at the various intervals was significantly decreased in comparison with that of the untreated control. Compared with control, all intoxicated broilers manifested significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in all hematological parameters involving erythrocytic and total leucocytic counts, Hemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) on a dose- and time-pattern. In comparison with the control levels, biochemical profile of the intoxicated birds disclosed significant decrease in blood glucose level and significant increase in serum uric acid, urea, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Based upon the present data, it was concluded that the addition of urea to broiler diets bears serious sequences concerning the general health condition, performance, weight gain, and hematological and biochemical profiles.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272108,22350710789,and 21975163)Guang Dong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011836)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(ZDSYS20220527171401003,JCYJ20220531102408019,JCYJ20220818100004009 and KQTD20190929173914967)the Start-up Funds for Young Teachers of Shenzhen University(000001032103).
文摘The electrochemical conversion of small organic molecules to value-added chemicals and hydrogen/electricity without CO_(2) emissions integrates efficient energy conversions(hydrogen energy or electricity)and value-added chemical productions in one reaction system,which is essentially competitive in the carbon-neutral era.However,the activity,stability,and cost-effectiveness of electrocatalysts,as well as the safety,durability,and scalability of devices,are still challenging for their industrial applications.In addition,a lack of knowledge about relevant and detailed mechanisms restricts the further development of electrocatalysts and devices.A timely review of the electrocatalysts,devices,and mechanisms is essential to shed lights on the correct direction towards further development.In this review,the advances in the design of electrocatalysts,fabrication of devices,and understanding of reaction mechanisms are comprehensively summarized and analyzed.The major challenges are also discussed as well as the potential approaches to overcoming them. The insights for further development areprovided to offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to cogeneration of energy and chemicalsproduction.
文摘The effect of fishmeal quality on growth,feed conversion ratio and protein digestibility was studied in a growth experiment with shrimp and red seabream.The shrimp and fish were fed three diets varing in the quality of the fishmeal used in the respective feeds: low quality fish meal,good quality fish meal,and Peru fish meal.The experiment lasted for 2 months.The shrimp and fish fed the feed with good quality fish meal showed significantly better feed conversion ratio,weight gain rate,protein digestibility than the other groups.
基金supported by the SINOPEC(No.415069)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21690082,91545203 and 21503176)
文摘The increase in natural gas reserves makes methane a significant hydrocarbon feedstock. However, thedirect catalytic conversion of methane into liquid fuels and useful chemicals remains a great challenge,and many studies have been devoted to this field in the past decades. Electrocatalysis is considered asan important alternative approach for the direct conversion of methane into value-added chemicals, al-though many other innovative methods have been developed. This review highlights recent advances inelectrocatalytic conversion of methane to ethylene and methanol, two important chemicals. The electro-catalytic systems efficient for methane conversions are summarized with an emphasis on catalysts andelectrolytes. The effects of reaction conditions such as the temperature and the acid-base property of thereaction medium are also discussed,
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52476207)Shandong Province Excellent Youth Science Fund Project(grant No.2023HWYQ-022)+1 种基金Taishan Scholars Youth Expert Program of Shandong Province(grant No.tsqn202312002)Qilu Youth Scholar Program of Shandong University.
文摘Valorization of organic solid waste(OSW)is a promising avenue for the production of value-added products and renewable energy sources.This paper offers an exhaustive review of the thermochem-ical conversion processes in spouted bed reactors,which yield products like biochar,bio-oil,and syngas,as well as energy forms such as heat and electricity.While numerous studies have been conducted on thermoconversion in spouted beds,there is a scarcity of systematic reviews on this topic.This paper underscores the importance of spouted beds in torrefaction,pyrolysis,and gasification,drawing on both experimental and simulation perspectives.By focusing on reactor design,reaction condition optimiza-tion,and catalyst enhancement,OSW can be more efficiently transformed into valuable products and bioenergy.Furthermore,the integration of simulation and modeling offers profound insights into the intricate reactions that occur during thermal conversion.Current simulation studies in spouted bed reactors are primarily centered around reaction kinetics,Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)modeling,the Multiphase Particle-In-Cell(MP-PIC)approach,and process simulation.The future integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)is anticipated to enhance parameter optimization with greater precision and facilitate industrial scale-up.The paper concludes with a synthesis and contemplation of the prospective advancements in spouted bed technology.
