With the gradual reform of the new curriculum, the traditional primary school mathematics classroom teaching method has suffered a certain impact. All primary school mathematics teachers should actively innovate teach...With the gradual reform of the new curriculum, the traditional primary school mathematics classroom teaching method has suffered a certain impact. All primary school mathematics teachers should actively innovate teaching methods under the background of modern teaching development. The old teaching ideas and methods can not stimulate students' interest and initiative in learning. The only way to change is to try to actively use information technology to carry out mind map teaching. Fully arouse the students' interest in learning. The reasonable use of mind map teaching method in unit review class can comprehensively develop students' own learning effectiveness. Therefore, this paper briefly introduces the definition of mind map, and puts forward the application of teaching methods based on mind map in the classroom, in order to give full play to the practical teaching role of mind map, in order to promote the development of primary school students' personal accomplishment and practical ability.展开更多
Background: Early mobilization(EM) is a regimen that was carried out by physiotherapists in a relatively early stage. It has been investigated by an increasing number of researchers. However, there has not been a meta...Background: Early mobilization(EM) is a regimen that was carried out by physiotherapists in a relatively early stage. It has been investigated by an increasing number of researchers. However, there has not been a meta-analysis concerning whether EM could benefit the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation(MV). The present systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of EM compared with immobilization for mechanically ventilated patients.Methods: A computerized literature search was performed in six databases for related articles from inception to June 2017. We included randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials and used the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale to assess the quality of included studies. Primary outcomes were measures of muscle function, duration of MV, and incidence of mortality.Secondary outcomes were adverse effects and length of stay(LOS) in intensive care unit(ICU) and hospital.Results: Eight trials were included; of those, only one study without standard EM reported that the intervention was invalid to improve the outcomes. The result of meta-analysis indicated that EM shortened the duration of MV; however, it had no positive effect on mortality and LOS in ICU.Conclusions: This review suggests that EM improves the muscle function and ventilation duration. Further research highlighting standard intervention and specific groups is needed.展开更多
The study of unit commitment (UC) aims to find reasonable schedules for generators to optimize power systems’ operation. Many papers have been published that solve UC through different methods. Articles that systemat...The study of unit commitment (UC) aims to find reasonable schedules for generators to optimize power systems’ operation. Many papers have been published that solve UC through different methods. Articles that systematically summarize UC problems’ progress in order to update researchers interested in this field are needed. Because of its promising performance, stochastic programming (SP) has become increasingly researched. Most papers, however, present SP’s UC solving approaches differently, which masks their relationships and makes it hard for new researchers to quickly obtain a general idea. Therefore, this paper tries to give a structured bibliographic survey of SP’s applications in UC problems.展开更多
Whether, and if so how, parliaments should participate in the Universal Periodic Review mechanism of the UN Human Rights Council is emerging. Due to their unique contributions to human rights protection and promotion,...Whether, and if so how, parliaments should participate in the Universal Periodic Review mechanism of the UN Human Rights Council is emerging. Due to their unique contributions to human rights protection and promotion, parliaments should participate in the process. Furthermore, some parliaments are already involved in this mechanism, including drafting national reports, engaging in interactive dialogues, and the implementation of review recommendations. In the past two rounds of reviews, China’s National People’s Congress has a positive record in this regard, but it should play a more active role in ratifying or acceding to international human rights conventions.展开更多
目的:对重症监护室病人发生中心静脉导管相关血流感染影响因素的相关研究进行范围综述。方法:按照Arksey和O'Malley的范围综述报告框架,根据循证资源“5S”金字塔模型,自上而下依次检索BMJ最佳临床实践、国际指南协作网(GIN)、美国...目的:对重症监护室病人发生中心静脉导管相关血流感染影响因素的相关研究进行范围综述。方法:按照Arksey和O'Malley的范围综述报告框架,根据循证资源“5S”金字塔模型,自上而下依次检索BMJ最佳临床实践、国际指南协作网(GIN)、美国国立指南文库(NGC)、英国国家临床优化研究所指南库(NICE)、苏格兰学院间指南网络(SIGN)、加拿大安大略注册护士协会(RNAO)、医脉通、澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)循证卫生保健中心、PubMed、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library、CINAHL、Embase、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,文献类型包括临床实践指南、证据总结、最佳实践、实践推荐、系统评价及原始研究。检索时限为2019年1月1日—2024年9月30日。对中英文文献进行检索和筛选,对纳入文献进行汇总和分析。结果:共纳入22篇文献,来自22个国家,包括4篇指南、1篇证据总结、2篇专家共识、1篇实践推荐、3篇系统评价及11篇原始研究。文献分析提示重症监护室病人发生中心静脉导管相关血流感染的影响因素包括人口学特征相关因素;疾病、治疗及住院相关因素;置管因素;导管维护的无菌技术;导管维护时医护人员的操作行为等。结论:重症监护室病人中心静脉导管相关血流感染的影响因素具有复杂性、多样性,未来医疗机构可基于上述影响因素优化中心静脉导管相关血流感染防控的监测指标。在医护人员操作方面可控性较强,医院应对重症监护室医护人员加强监督、规范导管操作流程,提升操作者的技能水平及专业素养,以降低重症监护室病人中心静脉导管相关血流感染发生率。展开更多
目的对护士参与重症患者脑电图监测的相关研究进行范围审查,归纳和总结ICU护士在脑电图监测中参与的角色、影响因素及培训现状,并针对现状提出了相应的改善策略,为未来脑电图更好地应用于重症护理领域提供参考。方法以范围综述方法学为...目的对护士参与重症患者脑电图监测的相关研究进行范围审查,归纳和总结ICU护士在脑电图监测中参与的角色、影响因素及培训现状,并针对现状提出了相应的改善策略,为未来脑电图更好地应用于重症护理领域提供参考。方法以范围综述方法学为指导,系统检索Embase、PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EBSCO、ScienceDirect、中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献库中的相关研究,检索时限为建库至2025年8月28日,对纳入文献进行了汇总和分析。结果共纳入21篇文献,发表时间为2012年—2025年。将护士参与下脑电图用于重症患者监测的影响因素分为促进因素及障碍因素,主要从个人因素、环境因素、管理因素3个方面进行分析,阐述了脑电图用于重症护理领域培训碎片化、缺乏培训后考核机制的现状。结论护士参与下脑电图用于重症患者监测对提供高质量的医疗护理服务至关重要,未来需要更多研究聚焦不同护士角色,如高级实践护士、专科护士等在脑电图监测中的差异化职能,构建培训教育体系,提高脑电图监测护士核心能力;同时关注外部组织环境,不断推动脑电图在重症护理中的规范化与精准化应用。展开更多
文摘With the gradual reform of the new curriculum, the traditional primary school mathematics classroom teaching method has suffered a certain impact. All primary school mathematics teachers should actively innovate teaching methods under the background of modern teaching development. The old teaching ideas and methods can not stimulate students' interest and initiative in learning. The only way to change is to try to actively use information technology to carry out mind map teaching. Fully arouse the students' interest in learning. The reasonable use of mind map teaching method in unit review class can comprehensively develop students' own learning effectiveness. Therefore, this paper briefly introduces the definition of mind map, and puts forward the application of teaching methods based on mind map in the classroom, in order to give full play to the practical teaching role of mind map, in order to promote the development of primary school students' personal accomplishment and practical ability.
文摘Background: Early mobilization(EM) is a regimen that was carried out by physiotherapists in a relatively early stage. It has been investigated by an increasing number of researchers. However, there has not been a meta-analysis concerning whether EM could benefit the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation(MV). The present systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of EM compared with immobilization for mechanically ventilated patients.Methods: A computerized literature search was performed in six databases for related articles from inception to June 2017. We included randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials and used the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale to assess the quality of included studies. Primary outcomes were measures of muscle function, duration of MV, and incidence of mortality.Secondary outcomes were adverse effects and length of stay(LOS) in intensive care unit(ICU) and hospital.Results: Eight trials were included; of those, only one study without standard EM reported that the intervention was invalid to improve the outcomes. The result of meta-analysis indicated that EM shortened the duration of MV; however, it had no positive effect on mortality and LOS in ICU.Conclusions: This review suggests that EM improves the muscle function and ventilation duration. Further research highlighting standard intervention and specific groups is needed.
文摘The study of unit commitment (UC) aims to find reasonable schedules for generators to optimize power systems’ operation. Many papers have been published that solve UC through different methods. Articles that systematically summarize UC problems’ progress in order to update researchers interested in this field are needed. Because of its promising performance, stochastic programming (SP) has become increasingly researched. Most papers, however, present SP’s UC solving approaches differently, which masks their relationships and makes it hard for new researchers to quickly obtain a general idea. Therefore, this paper tries to give a structured bibliographic survey of SP’s applications in UC problems.
基金research findings in the 2011 Youth Project of the National Social Science Fund of China,entitled "The Universal Periodic Review Mechanism of the United Nations Human Rights Council" (11CFX068)
文摘Whether, and if so how, parliaments should participate in the Universal Periodic Review mechanism of the UN Human Rights Council is emerging. Due to their unique contributions to human rights protection and promotion, parliaments should participate in the process. Furthermore, some parliaments are already involved in this mechanism, including drafting national reports, engaging in interactive dialogues, and the implementation of review recommendations. In the past two rounds of reviews, China’s National People’s Congress has a positive record in this regard, but it should play a more active role in ratifying or acceding to international human rights conventions.
文摘目的:对重症监护室病人发生中心静脉导管相关血流感染影响因素的相关研究进行范围综述。方法:按照Arksey和O'Malley的范围综述报告框架,根据循证资源“5S”金字塔模型,自上而下依次检索BMJ最佳临床实践、国际指南协作网(GIN)、美国国立指南文库(NGC)、英国国家临床优化研究所指南库(NICE)、苏格兰学院间指南网络(SIGN)、加拿大安大略注册护士协会(RNAO)、医脉通、澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)循证卫生保健中心、PubMed、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library、CINAHL、Embase、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,文献类型包括临床实践指南、证据总结、最佳实践、实践推荐、系统评价及原始研究。检索时限为2019年1月1日—2024年9月30日。对中英文文献进行检索和筛选,对纳入文献进行汇总和分析。结果:共纳入22篇文献,来自22个国家,包括4篇指南、1篇证据总结、2篇专家共识、1篇实践推荐、3篇系统评价及11篇原始研究。文献分析提示重症监护室病人发生中心静脉导管相关血流感染的影响因素包括人口学特征相关因素;疾病、治疗及住院相关因素;置管因素;导管维护的无菌技术;导管维护时医护人员的操作行为等。结论:重症监护室病人中心静脉导管相关血流感染的影响因素具有复杂性、多样性,未来医疗机构可基于上述影响因素优化中心静脉导管相关血流感染防控的监测指标。在医护人员操作方面可控性较强,医院应对重症监护室医护人员加强监督、规范导管操作流程,提升操作者的技能水平及专业素养,以降低重症监护室病人中心静脉导管相关血流感染发生率。
文摘目的对护士参与重症患者脑电图监测的相关研究进行范围审查,归纳和总结ICU护士在脑电图监测中参与的角色、影响因素及培训现状,并针对现状提出了相应的改善策略,为未来脑电图更好地应用于重症护理领域提供参考。方法以范围综述方法学为指导,系统检索Embase、PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EBSCO、ScienceDirect、中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献库中的相关研究,检索时限为建库至2025年8月28日,对纳入文献进行了汇总和分析。结果共纳入21篇文献,发表时间为2012年—2025年。将护士参与下脑电图用于重症患者监测的影响因素分为促进因素及障碍因素,主要从个人因素、环境因素、管理因素3个方面进行分析,阐述了脑电图用于重症护理领域培训碎片化、缺乏培训后考核机制的现状。结论护士参与下脑电图用于重症患者监测对提供高质量的医疗护理服务至关重要,未来需要更多研究聚焦不同护士角色,如高级实践护士、专科护士等在脑电图监测中的差异化职能,构建培训教育体系,提高脑电图监测护士核心能力;同时关注外部组织环境,不断推动脑电图在重症护理中的规范化与精准化应用。
文摘目的系统评价ICU机械通气患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(ventilator-associated pneumonia,VAP)发生风险的预测模型,为临床医护人员开发或选择合适的风险预测模型提供参考。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普期刊库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、CINAHL和Cochrane Library中截至2025年4月30日发表的相关文献。2名研究者独立筛选文献与提取数据,并进行质量评价。结果共纳入21篇文献,涉及27个预测模型,受试者工作特征曲线特征下面积为0.722~1.000。质量评价结果显示,21篇文献总体偏倚风险较高,13篇文献适用性较好,偏倚风险主要源于未选择合适的数据来源、样本量不足、自变量和缺失数据处理不当、仅采用单因素分析筛选预测因子、模型性能评估不全。重复报告出现频次较高的预测因子是ICU住院时间、呼吸机使用天数、急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ评分、气管切开、联合使用抗生素。结论现有的ICU机械通气患者VAP发生风险预测模型的预测性能较好,但偏倚风险较高。未来研究者应重点关注研究设计的方法学细节及报告的规范性,以提高模型性能,便于临床推广。
