With the gradual reform of the new curriculum, the traditional primary school mathematics classroom teaching method has suffered a certain impact. All primary school mathematics teachers should actively innovate teach...With the gradual reform of the new curriculum, the traditional primary school mathematics classroom teaching method has suffered a certain impact. All primary school mathematics teachers should actively innovate teaching methods under the background of modern teaching development. The old teaching ideas and methods can not stimulate students' interest and initiative in learning. The only way to change is to try to actively use information technology to carry out mind map teaching. Fully arouse the students' interest in learning. The reasonable use of mind map teaching method in unit review class can comprehensively develop students' own learning effectiveness. Therefore, this paper briefly introduces the definition of mind map, and puts forward the application of teaching methods based on mind map in the classroom, in order to give full play to the practical teaching role of mind map, in order to promote the development of primary school students' personal accomplishment and practical ability.展开更多
Background: Early mobilization(EM) is a regimen that was carried out by physiotherapists in a relatively early stage. It has been investigated by an increasing number of researchers. However, there has not been a meta...Background: Early mobilization(EM) is a regimen that was carried out by physiotherapists in a relatively early stage. It has been investigated by an increasing number of researchers. However, there has not been a meta-analysis concerning whether EM could benefit the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation(MV). The present systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of EM compared with immobilization for mechanically ventilated patients.Methods: A computerized literature search was performed in six databases for related articles from inception to June 2017. We included randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials and used the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale to assess the quality of included studies. Primary outcomes were measures of muscle function, duration of MV, and incidence of mortality.Secondary outcomes were adverse effects and length of stay(LOS) in intensive care unit(ICU) and hospital.Results: Eight trials were included; of those, only one study without standard EM reported that the intervention was invalid to improve the outcomes. The result of meta-analysis indicated that EM shortened the duration of MV; however, it had no positive effect on mortality and LOS in ICU.Conclusions: This review suggests that EM improves the muscle function and ventilation duration. Further research highlighting standard intervention and specific groups is needed.展开更多
The study of unit commitment (UC) aims to find reasonable schedules for generators to optimize power systems’ operation. Many papers have been published that solve UC through different methods. Articles that systemat...The study of unit commitment (UC) aims to find reasonable schedules for generators to optimize power systems’ operation. Many papers have been published that solve UC through different methods. Articles that systematically summarize UC problems’ progress in order to update researchers interested in this field are needed. Because of its promising performance, stochastic programming (SP) has become increasingly researched. Most papers, however, present SP’s UC solving approaches differently, which masks their relationships and makes it hard for new researchers to quickly obtain a general idea. Therefore, this paper tries to give a structured bibliographic survey of SP’s applications in UC problems.展开更多
Whether, and if so how, parliaments should participate in the Universal Periodic Review mechanism of the UN Human Rights Council is emerging. Due to their unique contributions to human rights protection and promotion,...Whether, and if so how, parliaments should participate in the Universal Periodic Review mechanism of the UN Human Rights Council is emerging. Due to their unique contributions to human rights protection and promotion, parliaments should participate in the process. Furthermore, some parliaments are already involved in this mechanism, including drafting national reports, engaging in interactive dialogues, and the implementation of review recommendations. In the past two rounds of reviews, China’s National People’s Congress has a positive record in this regard, but it should play a more active role in ratifying or acceding to international human rights conventions.展开更多
目的对ICU生命支持治疗中的决策辅助工具(decisionaid,DA)进行范围综述,明确ICU中DA的应用现状、内容要素及应用效果,为国内ICU患者关于生命支持治疗DA的开发提供指导。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CochraneLibrary、中国...目的对ICU生命支持治疗中的决策辅助工具(decisionaid,DA)进行范围综述,明确ICU中DA的应用现状、内容要素及应用效果,为国内ICU患者关于生命支持治疗DA的开发提供指导。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CochraneLibrary、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普数据库。检索时限为建库至2024年5月7日。对纳入文献进行汇总和分析。结果共纳入21篇文献,DA涵盖的主题包括特定疾病、维持生命的治疗、预先护理计划、临终关怀。DA的内容要素包括明确治疗选择、信息支持、与治疗选项有关的风险利弊说明、澄清价值观、引导决策制订。评价指标包括决策过程质量、决策质量、DA对患方及医疗机构的影响、可行性、可用性、可接受性。结论DA在ICU生命支持治疗中表现出了良好的效果,ICU中的DA主要集中在特定的疾病和生命支持治疗及护理目标上,而ICU大多数患者多病共存,生命支持治疗措施也不止一项,应充分考虑国内现状,开发适用于中国ICU患者生命支持治疗的DA,以满足不同群体的个性化需求。展开更多
文摘With the gradual reform of the new curriculum, the traditional primary school mathematics classroom teaching method has suffered a certain impact. All primary school mathematics teachers should actively innovate teaching methods under the background of modern teaching development. The old teaching ideas and methods can not stimulate students' interest and initiative in learning. The only way to change is to try to actively use information technology to carry out mind map teaching. Fully arouse the students' interest in learning. The reasonable use of mind map teaching method in unit review class can comprehensively develop students' own learning effectiveness. Therefore, this paper briefly introduces the definition of mind map, and puts forward the application of teaching methods based on mind map in the classroom, in order to give full play to the practical teaching role of mind map, in order to promote the development of primary school students' personal accomplishment and practical ability.
文摘Background: Early mobilization(EM) is a regimen that was carried out by physiotherapists in a relatively early stage. It has been investigated by an increasing number of researchers. However, there has not been a meta-analysis concerning whether EM could benefit the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation(MV). The present systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of EM compared with immobilization for mechanically ventilated patients.Methods: A computerized literature search was performed in six databases for related articles from inception to June 2017. We included randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials and used the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale to assess the quality of included studies. Primary outcomes were measures of muscle function, duration of MV, and incidence of mortality.Secondary outcomes were adverse effects and length of stay(LOS) in intensive care unit(ICU) and hospital.Results: Eight trials were included; of those, only one study without standard EM reported that the intervention was invalid to improve the outcomes. The result of meta-analysis indicated that EM shortened the duration of MV; however, it had no positive effect on mortality and LOS in ICU.Conclusions: This review suggests that EM improves the muscle function and ventilation duration. Further research highlighting standard intervention and specific groups is needed.
文摘The study of unit commitment (UC) aims to find reasonable schedules for generators to optimize power systems’ operation. Many papers have been published that solve UC through different methods. Articles that systematically summarize UC problems’ progress in order to update researchers interested in this field are needed. Because of its promising performance, stochastic programming (SP) has become increasingly researched. Most papers, however, present SP’s UC solving approaches differently, which masks their relationships and makes it hard for new researchers to quickly obtain a general idea. Therefore, this paper tries to give a structured bibliographic survey of SP’s applications in UC problems.
基金research findings in the 2011 Youth Project of the National Social Science Fund of China,entitled "The Universal Periodic Review Mechanism of the United Nations Human Rights Council" (11CFX068)
文摘Whether, and if so how, parliaments should participate in the Universal Periodic Review mechanism of the UN Human Rights Council is emerging. Due to their unique contributions to human rights protection and promotion, parliaments should participate in the process. Furthermore, some parliaments are already involved in this mechanism, including drafting national reports, engaging in interactive dialogues, and the implementation of review recommendations. In the past two rounds of reviews, China’s National People’s Congress has a positive record in this regard, but it should play a more active role in ratifying or acceding to international human rights conventions.
文摘目的对ICU生命支持治疗中的决策辅助工具(decisionaid,DA)进行范围综述,明确ICU中DA的应用现状、内容要素及应用效果,为国内ICU患者关于生命支持治疗DA的开发提供指导。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CochraneLibrary、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普数据库。检索时限为建库至2024年5月7日。对纳入文献进行汇总和分析。结果共纳入21篇文献,DA涵盖的主题包括特定疾病、维持生命的治疗、预先护理计划、临终关怀。DA的内容要素包括明确治疗选择、信息支持、与治疗选项有关的风险利弊说明、澄清价值观、引导决策制订。评价指标包括决策过程质量、决策质量、DA对患方及医疗机构的影响、可行性、可用性、可接受性。结论DA在ICU生命支持治疗中表现出了良好的效果,ICU中的DA主要集中在特定的疾病和生命支持治疗及护理目标上,而ICU大多数患者多病共存,生命支持治疗措施也不止一项,应充分考虑国内现状,开发适用于中国ICU患者生命支持治疗的DA,以满足不同群体的个性化需求。
