Objective For a brushless AC generator with a rotary rectifier, it is necessary and significant to model and simulate at normal and fault operation states. Methods Two new concepts, namely, Simulink signals and PSB(...Objective For a brushless AC generator with a rotary rectifier, it is necessary and significant to model and simulate at normal and fault operation states. Methods Two new concepts, namely, Simulink signals and PSB(Power System Blockset) variables, are proposed, and the difference between the two concepts is clarified. Based on the new model for synchronous machines \, a simulation model for a brushless AC generator with a rotary rectifier is constructed by Matlab/Simulink/PSB. This new model, which has a speed input terminal and an exciting voltage input one, can simulate the real electrical characters and direct mechanical connection between two synchronous machines perfectly. The rotary rectifier is a three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier which consists of six diodes. The model for the diodes is a macro-model which possesses much better accuracy than an ideal one of switches. Results Based on the present model, some simulation results such as exciting current waveform, phase current waveform and phase voltbge waveform are afftained at several operation conditions. Conclusion The simulation for a brushless AC generator with a rotary rectifier is demonstrated at normal and fault operation states, respectively. The results confirm the presented method.展开更多
The information of the field current is essential for the brushless synchronous starter/generator system,which determines the performance and health status of this system.However,since the field winding of the main ma...The information of the field current is essential for the brushless synchronous starter/generator system,which determines the performance and health status of this system.However,since the field winding of the main machine is installed in the rotor part,the measurement of the field current in this brushless system seem impossible.Considering that,the field current might be affected by the rectifier mode,the field current estimation method in different rectifier mode is studied in this paper.The main exciter(ME)rotor currents were restructured based on the ME flux equations.With these restructured rotor currents,the field current in different rectifier commutation mode is analyzed,then the field current estimation method considering the rectifier mode can be obtained.The experiments in different rectifier modes are carried out to verify the proposed method.展开更多
In view of the complexity and uncertainty of system, both the state performances and state probabilities of multi-state components can be expressed by interval numbers. The belief function theory is used to characteri...In view of the complexity and uncertainty of system, both the state performances and state probabilities of multi-state components can be expressed by interval numbers. The belief function theory is used to characterize the uncertainty caused by various factors. A modified Markov model is proposed to obtain the state probabilities of components at any given moment and subsequently the mass function is used to represent the precise belief degree of state probabilities. Based on the primary studies of universal generating function(UGF)method, a belief UGF(BUGF) method is utilized to analyze the reliability and the uncertainty of excavator rectifier feedback system. This paper provides an available method to evaluate the reliability of multi-state systems(MSSs) with interval state performances and state probabilities, and also avoid the interval expansion problem.展开更多
This paper intreduced a high-precision high-voltage elec- trostatic generator which utilized STM32F103 as the main coutroller. The hardware and software design of the system were detailed. The full use of ample on-chi...This paper intreduced a high-precision high-voltage elec- trostatic generator which utilized STM32F103 as the main coutroller. The hardware and software design of the system were detailed. The full use of ample on-chip resources of STM32F103, such as ADC and the PWM output of timer, contributed to the small size and low cost of the system. The 16-bit PWM signals, generated by the timer on chip, served to adjust the our-put voltage accurately. The tot~ screen was responsible for the setting and display of output voltage, and the friendly humawcomptaer interaction was built. Experimental results indicated that this high-voltage static generator was of high precision and great practicability for application.展开更多
In predictive direct power control(PDPC)system of three-phase pulse width modulation(PWM)rectifier,grid voltage sensor makes the whole system more complex and costly.Therefore,third-order generalized integrator(TOGI)i...In predictive direct power control(PDPC)system of three-phase pulse width modulation(PWM)rectifier,grid voltage sensor makes the whole system more complex and costly.Therefore,third-order generalized integrator(TOGI)is used to generate orthogonal signals with the same frequency to estimate the grid voltage.In addition,in view of the deviation between actual and reference power in the three-phase PWM rectifier traditional PDPC strategy,a power correction link is designed to correct the power reference value.The grid voltage sensor free algorithm based on TOGI and the corrected PDPC strategy are applied to three-phase PWM rectifier and simulated on the simulation platform.Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively eliminate the power tracking deviation and the grid voltage.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing the simulation results.展开更多
A great challenge in water electrolysis is how to optimize the major factors that influence the production of hydrogen gas. Over the past years, different methods have been used to produce hydrogen gas from carbon-bas...A great challenge in water electrolysis is how to optimize the major factors that influence the production of hydrogen gas. Over the past years, different methods have been used to produce hydrogen gas from carbon-base fossil fuels but these methods have been proven to be environmentally unfriendly due to the enormous release of greenhouse gases associated with their use. In this work, an experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effect of electrolyte strength, voltage and time on the volume of HHO gas produced using a design built HHO gas generator. The generator was constructed from Stainless Steel 316 L plates made of 3 anodes, 3 cathodes, and 20 neutral plates. During the study, the strengths of KOH, NaOH, and NaHCO3 was prepared within the range of 0.010 M - 0.030 M. The prepared strengths for each catalyst were then varied across voltage range of 9 V to 13 V for 50 seconds. The experimental results obtained showed that, increasing electrolyte strength, voltage and time proportionally increased the yield of HHO gas. An optimal yield rate of 2.27 cm3/s of HHO gas was obtained when the generator was run at 13 V using 0.025 M KOH. In addition, other factors studied including electrode surface morphology, plate’s configuration, and temperature also showed improvement in yield of HHO gas by 41.85%, 69.74%, and 71.96% respectively.展开更多
Based on a neutral point diode clamped eight-switch configuration, a general mathematical model of single phase bi-directional three-level (TL) rectifiers is built by proposing two equivalent TL arms for topology deri...Based on a neutral point diode clamped eight-switch configuration, a general mathematical model of single phase bi-directional three-level (TL) rectifiers is built by proposing two equivalent TL arms for topology derivation. A series of TL rectifiers are derived by using double TL and multi TL methods, and their characteristics are compared at the same time. A novel seven-switch double TL rectifier is constructed, and its operational principle and control algorithm are illustrated as well. Lastly, its waveform and harmonic spectrum are compared to those of multi TL rectifiers, and the adopted rectifier gains better performance and unit PF.展开更多
带脉冲功率负载的直流供电系统现已广泛应用于电动车、舰船及航空等领域。当脉冲负载发生突变时,整流发电机端电压会随之变化,对整个供电系统的稳定性造成负面影响,此时,滤波电容起到了关键作用。直流供电系统中的滤波电容通常采用电解...带脉冲功率负载的直流供电系统现已广泛应用于电动车、舰船及航空等领域。当脉冲负载发生突变时,整流发电机端电压会随之变化,对整个供电系统的稳定性造成负面影响,此时,滤波电容起到了关键作用。直流供电系统中的滤波电容通常采用电解电容。电解电容存在寄生参数等效串联电阻(equivalent series resistance,ESR),会引起输出电压波形畸变及电压大小的变化。为此,该文提出一种考虑滤波电容寄生参数ESR的双三相整流发电机带脉冲负载的瞬时电压计算方法。首先,建立考虑滤波电容寄生参数ESR的带脉冲功率负载的双三相整流发电机等效瞬态数学模型;其次,通过双三相整流发电机瞬态有限元仿真同负载突变实验进行对比,验证所提出的考虑滤波电容寄生参数ESR的双三相整流发电机等效模型负载突变的瞬时电压计算方法的必要性与可行性;最后,分析滤波电容C及其寄生参数ESR对双三相整流发电机直流侧电压的影响。结果表明,建立的等效模型具有较高的准确性,同时,表明考虑滤波电容寄生参数ESR对整流发电机直流测电压的研究对提高整个直流供电系统电能质量具有重要意义。展开更多
Based on analysis and calculation of the relation between current harmonics and MMF harmonics in the dual-stator winding multi-phase high-speed induction gen-erator with a rectifier load,a new idea,which divides the g...Based on analysis and calculation of the relation between current harmonics and MMF harmonics in the dual-stator winding multi-phase high-speed induction gen-erator with a rectifier load,a new idea,which divides the generator system into two sub-systems to be analyzed individually,is presented.For the sub-system of the 12-phase power winding with a rectifier load,the loop current method is used to establish network equation set in terms of the network graph theory.The numerical stability problem is solved by alternating use of fixed time-step and varied time-step,and the voltage and current with their fundamental components of the power winding are obtained.For the other sub-system of the induction generator with dual-stator winding and solid cage rotor,the electromagnetic field analysis method and the multi-variable optimization approach are combined to get the con-trol winding current and stator frequency.Calculated results well match experiment results,indicating that the new proposed method is of effectiveness and high ac-curacy.展开更多
为了消除含全波机械整流器减速带馈能装置的发电量和系统可靠性受到复位弹簧刚度的约束,提出了一种基于半波机械整流器的双减速带馈能装置(Dual-speed Bump Energy Harvester,DBEH)。该装置利用机械传动模块将两条减速带在车轮驱动下的...为了消除含全波机械整流器减速带馈能装置的发电量和系统可靠性受到复位弹簧刚度的约束,提出了一种基于半波机械整流器的双减速带馈能装置(Dual-speed Bump Energy Harvester,DBEH)。该装置利用机械传动模块将两条减速带在车轮驱动下的向下线性运动转换成单个发电机轴的单向旋转运动,将机械能转换成电能。单向的运动转换降低了对复位弹簧载荷的要求。建立了车轮激励以及减速带动力学理论模型并通过了道路试验的验证。基于理论模型的数值仿真研究了双馈能减速带的发电性能。研究结果表明,系统的均方根(Root Mean Square,RMS)功率与输出电能随着外部激励幅值的增加,以及弹簧刚度的减小而增加;当负载电阻阻值为7~9Ω时,系统的输出性能最优;与减小小齿轮半径相比,增大齿轮箱的增速比对系统输出的提升影响更明显;小惯量的飞轮更能有效提高系统对机械能的捕获与机械能到电能的转化率。展开更多
文摘Objective For a brushless AC generator with a rotary rectifier, it is necessary and significant to model and simulate at normal and fault operation states. Methods Two new concepts, namely, Simulink signals and PSB(Power System Blockset) variables, are proposed, and the difference between the two concepts is clarified. Based on the new model for synchronous machines \, a simulation model for a brushless AC generator with a rotary rectifier is constructed by Matlab/Simulink/PSB. This new model, which has a speed input terminal and an exciting voltage input one, can simulate the real electrical characters and direct mechanical connection between two synchronous machines perfectly. The rotary rectifier is a three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier which consists of six diodes. The model for the diodes is a macro-model which possesses much better accuracy than an ideal one of switches. Results Based on the present model, some simulation results such as exciting current waveform, phase current waveform and phase voltbge waveform are afftained at several operation conditions. Conclusion The simulation for a brushless AC generator with a rotary rectifier is demonstrated at normal and fault operation states, respectively. The results confirm the presented method.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province under Grant 2023JCQN0534in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education under Grant 23JK0660in part by the Xi’an Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology under Grant 24GXF0085。
文摘The information of the field current is essential for the brushless synchronous starter/generator system,which determines the performance and health status of this system.However,since the field winding of the main machine is installed in the rotor part,the measurement of the field current in this brushless system seem impossible.Considering that,the field current might be affected by the rectifier mode,the field current estimation method in different rectifier mode is studied in this paper.The main exciter(ME)rotor currents were restructured based on the ME flux equations.With these restructured rotor currents,the field current in different rectifier commutation mode is analyzed,then the field current estimation method considering the rectifier mode can be obtained.The experiments in different rectifier modes are carried out to verify the proposed method.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863)of China(No.2012AA062001)
文摘In view of the complexity and uncertainty of system, both the state performances and state probabilities of multi-state components can be expressed by interval numbers. The belief function theory is used to characterize the uncertainty caused by various factors. A modified Markov model is proposed to obtain the state probabilities of components at any given moment and subsequently the mass function is used to represent the precise belief degree of state probabilities. Based on the primary studies of universal generating function(UGF)method, a belief UGF(BUGF) method is utilized to analyze the reliability and the uncertainty of excavator rectifier feedback system. This paper provides an available method to evaluate the reliability of multi-state systems(MSSs) with interval state performances and state probabilities, and also avoid the interval expansion problem.
文摘This paper intreduced a high-precision high-voltage elec- trostatic generator which utilized STM32F103 as the main coutroller. The hardware and software design of the system were detailed. The full use of ample on-chip resources of STM32F103, such as ADC and the PWM output of timer, contributed to the small size and low cost of the system. The 16-bit PWM signals, generated by the timer on chip, served to adjust the our-put voltage accurately. The tot~ screen was responsible for the setting and display of output voltage, and the friendly humawcomptaer interaction was built. Experimental results indicated that this high-voltage static generator was of high precision and great practicability for application.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51767013,52067013)。
文摘In predictive direct power control(PDPC)system of three-phase pulse width modulation(PWM)rectifier,grid voltage sensor makes the whole system more complex and costly.Therefore,third-order generalized integrator(TOGI)is used to generate orthogonal signals with the same frequency to estimate the grid voltage.In addition,in view of the deviation between actual and reference power in the three-phase PWM rectifier traditional PDPC strategy,a power correction link is designed to correct the power reference value.The grid voltage sensor free algorithm based on TOGI and the corrected PDPC strategy are applied to three-phase PWM rectifier and simulated on the simulation platform.Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively eliminate the power tracking deviation and the grid voltage.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing the simulation results.
文摘A great challenge in water electrolysis is how to optimize the major factors that influence the production of hydrogen gas. Over the past years, different methods have been used to produce hydrogen gas from carbon-base fossil fuels but these methods have been proven to be environmentally unfriendly due to the enormous release of greenhouse gases associated with their use. In this work, an experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effect of electrolyte strength, voltage and time on the volume of HHO gas produced using a design built HHO gas generator. The generator was constructed from Stainless Steel 316 L plates made of 3 anodes, 3 cathodes, and 20 neutral plates. During the study, the strengths of KOH, NaOH, and NaHCO3 was prepared within the range of 0.010 M - 0.030 M. The prepared strengths for each catalyst were then varied across voltage range of 9 V to 13 V for 50 seconds. The experimental results obtained showed that, increasing electrolyte strength, voltage and time proportionally increased the yield of HHO gas. An optimal yield rate of 2.27 cm3/s of HHO gas was obtained when the generator was run at 13 V using 0.025 M KOH. In addition, other factors studied including electrode surface morphology, plate’s configuration, and temperature also showed improvement in yield of HHO gas by 41.85%, 69.74%, and 71.96% respectively.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(50277017)
文摘Based on a neutral point diode clamped eight-switch configuration, a general mathematical model of single phase bi-directional three-level (TL) rectifiers is built by proposing two equivalent TL arms for topology derivation. A series of TL rectifiers are derived by using double TL and multi TL methods, and their characteristics are compared at the same time. A novel seven-switch double TL rectifier is constructed, and its operational principle and control algorithm are illustrated as well. Lastly, its waveform and harmonic spectrum are compared to those of multi TL rectifiers, and the adopted rectifier gains better performance and unit PF.
文摘带脉冲功率负载的直流供电系统现已广泛应用于电动车、舰船及航空等领域。当脉冲负载发生突变时,整流发电机端电压会随之变化,对整个供电系统的稳定性造成负面影响,此时,滤波电容起到了关键作用。直流供电系统中的滤波电容通常采用电解电容。电解电容存在寄生参数等效串联电阻(equivalent series resistance,ESR),会引起输出电压波形畸变及电压大小的变化。为此,该文提出一种考虑滤波电容寄生参数ESR的双三相整流发电机带脉冲负载的瞬时电压计算方法。首先,建立考虑滤波电容寄生参数ESR的带脉冲功率负载的双三相整流发电机等效瞬态数学模型;其次,通过双三相整流发电机瞬态有限元仿真同负载突变实验进行对比,验证所提出的考虑滤波电容寄生参数ESR的双三相整流发电机等效模型负载突变的瞬时电压计算方法的必要性与可行性;最后,分析滤波电容C及其寄生参数ESR对双三相整流发电机直流侧电压的影响。结果表明,建立的等效模型具有较高的准确性,同时,表明考虑滤波电容寄生参数ESR对整流发电机直流测电压的研究对提高整个直流供电系统电能质量具有重要意义。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50747024)
文摘Based on analysis and calculation of the relation between current harmonics and MMF harmonics in the dual-stator winding multi-phase high-speed induction gen-erator with a rectifier load,a new idea,which divides the generator system into two sub-systems to be analyzed individually,is presented.For the sub-system of the 12-phase power winding with a rectifier load,the loop current method is used to establish network equation set in terms of the network graph theory.The numerical stability problem is solved by alternating use of fixed time-step and varied time-step,and the voltage and current with their fundamental components of the power winding are obtained.For the other sub-system of the induction generator with dual-stator winding and solid cage rotor,the electromagnetic field analysis method and the multi-variable optimization approach are combined to get the con-trol winding current and stator frequency.Calculated results well match experiment results,indicating that the new proposed method is of effectiveness and high ac-curacy.
文摘为了消除含全波机械整流器减速带馈能装置的发电量和系统可靠性受到复位弹簧刚度的约束,提出了一种基于半波机械整流器的双减速带馈能装置(Dual-speed Bump Energy Harvester,DBEH)。该装置利用机械传动模块将两条减速带在车轮驱动下的向下线性运动转换成单个发电机轴的单向旋转运动,将机械能转换成电能。单向的运动转换降低了对复位弹簧载荷的要求。建立了车轮激励以及减速带动力学理论模型并通过了道路试验的验证。基于理论模型的数值仿真研究了双馈能减速带的发电性能。研究结果表明,系统的均方根(Root Mean Square,RMS)功率与输出电能随着外部激励幅值的增加,以及弹簧刚度的减小而增加;当负载电阻阻值为7~9Ω时,系统的输出性能最优;与减小小齿轮半径相比,增大齿轮箱的增速比对系统输出的提升影响更明显;小惯量的飞轮更能有效提高系统对机械能的捕获与机械能到电能的转化率。
