In order to understand the fundamental questions of the biology of life and to duplicate the pathogenesis of human diseases, animal models using different experimental animals, such as rodents, Drosophila, Caenorhabdi...In order to understand the fundamental questions of the biology of life and to duplicate the pathogenesis of human diseases, animal models using different experimental animals, such as rodents, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and zebrafish, have been established and used widely for many decades. The controllability of environmental conditions, the high reproducibility, the ease of scale and the comparability of results, as well as the ability to use different standards for ethical protocols, all make an animal model the ideal tool for carrying out studies on human diseases and the development of novel pharmaceuticals and new therapies （Xue et al., 2014）. An ideal animal model should reflect the complete spectra of a specific human disease, with similar features on the following key issues： （1） genetic basis; （2） anatomy and physiology; （3） pathological response（s） and underlying mechanism（s）; （4） phenotypic endpoints as clinical studies; （5） responsiveness to known drugs with clinical efficacy; and （6） prediction of clinical efficacy （McGonigle and Ruggeri, 2014）.展开更多
Idioms contain most of the rich cultural background and cultural identity,especially those formed by the historical allusions idioms and phrases.English and Chinese idioms are closely related to culture and convey dif...Idioms contain most of the rich cultural background and cultural identity,especially those formed by the historical allusions idioms and phrases.English and Chinese idioms are closely related to culture and convey different cultural features and messages of their own nation,reflecting their own rich culture.Translator should try their best to translate these differences in idiom translation.展开更多
Lensless fiber endomicroscopy,an emergent paradigm shift for minimally-invasive microscopic optical imaging and targeted light delivery,holds transformative potential,especially in biomedicine.Leveraging holographic d...Lensless fiber endomicroscopy,an emergent paradigm shift for minimally-invasive microscopic optical imaging and targeted light delivery,holds transformative potential,especially in biomedicine.Leveraging holographic detection and physical or computational wavefront correction,it enables three-dimensional imaging in an unprecedentedly small footprint,which is crucial for various applications such as brain surgery.This perspective reviews the recent breakthroughs,highlighting potential emerging applications,and pinpointing gaps between innovation and real-world applications.As the research in this realm accelerates,the novel breakthroughs and existing frontiers highlighted in this perspective can be used as guidelines for researchers joining this exciting domain.展开更多
Acute kidney injury(AKI),has become the focus of increasing attention due to its high risk of death.The early diagnosis and treatment of AKI significantly reduce the risk of renal tissue damage and kidney dysfunction....Acute kidney injury(AKI),has become the focus of increasing attention due to its high risk of death.The early diagnosis and treatment of AKI significantly reduce the risk of renal tissue damage and kidney dysfunction.However,the efficient early diagnosis and treatment approach for AKI remains a challenge.AKI screening via precise nanomaterial theranostics is a new alternative approach.This study summarizes the recent advances in functional nanomaterials in the early detection and treatment of AKI.The challenges and problems in the use of nanomaterials for AKI in clinical applications are also discussed.It is anticipated that highlighting these new advances will lay the foundation for further translational research on the promising application of nanomaterials for AKI.展开更多
文摘In order to understand the fundamental questions of the biology of life and to duplicate the pathogenesis of human diseases, animal models using different experimental animals, such as rodents, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and zebrafish, have been established and used widely for many decades. The controllability of environmental conditions, the high reproducibility, the ease of scale and the comparability of results, as well as the ability to use different standards for ethical protocols, all make an animal model the ideal tool for carrying out studies on human diseases and the development of novel pharmaceuticals and new therapies （Xue et al., 2014）. An ideal animal model should reflect the complete spectra of a specific human disease, with similar features on the following key issues： （1） genetic basis; （2） anatomy and physiology; （3） pathological response（s） and underlying mechanism（s）; （4） phenotypic endpoints as clinical studies; （5） responsiveness to known drugs with clinical efficacy; and （6） prediction of clinical efficacy （McGonigle and Ruggeri, 2014）.
文摘Idioms contain most of the rich cultural background and cultural identity,especially those formed by the historical allusions idioms and phrases.English and Chinese idioms are closely related to culture and convey different cultural features and messages of their own nation,reflecting their own rich culture.Translator should try their best to translate these differences in idiom translation.
基金organized by Projekt DEAL.German Research Foundation(DFG)grant CZ55/40,CZ55/47European Research Council(ERC)Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(grant no.101002406)+1 种基金Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory,National Key R&D Program of China(2022ZD0160100)Else Kroner Fresenius Center for digital Heath(EKFZ)and Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems(BIOLAS).
文摘Lensless fiber endomicroscopy,an emergent paradigm shift for minimally-invasive microscopic optical imaging and targeted light delivery,holds transformative potential,especially in biomedicine.Leveraging holographic detection and physical or computational wavefront correction,it enables three-dimensional imaging in an unprecedentedly small footprint,which is crucial for various applications such as brain surgery.This perspective reviews the recent breakthroughs,highlighting potential emerging applications,and pinpointing gaps between innovation and real-world applications.As the research in this realm accelerates,the novel breakthroughs and existing frontiers highlighted in this perspective can be used as guidelines for researchers joining this exciting domain.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC2000400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31470776,81670651,81770752,81970573).
文摘Acute kidney injury(AKI),has become the focus of increasing attention due to its high risk of death.The early diagnosis and treatment of AKI significantly reduce the risk of renal tissue damage and kidney dysfunction.However,the efficient early diagnosis and treatment approach for AKI remains a challenge.AKI screening via precise nanomaterial theranostics is a new alternative approach.This study summarizes the recent advances in functional nanomaterials in the early detection and treatment of AKI.The challenges and problems in the use of nanomaterials for AKI in clinical applications are also discussed.It is anticipated that highlighting these new advances will lay the foundation for further translational research on the promising application of nanomaterials for AKI.
