Distinct from the existing literature conforming to the Porter hypothesis which emphasizes the technological innovation mechanism,this paper examines the mechanism of technological transformation through which environ...Distinct from the existing literature conforming to the Porter hypothesis which emphasizes the technological innovation mechanism,this paper examines the mechanism of technological transformation through which environmental technical standards influence the manufacturing industry in reducing emissions and improving efficiency(i.e.green transition).Furthermore,drawing upon enterprise samples from the databases of Chinese Industrial Enterprises and Chinese Industrial Pollution Sources from Major Monitored Enterprises,it empirically validates the results of the theoretical analysis.Overall,our research reveals that environmental technical standards can propel manufacturing enterprises to reduce pollution and increase productivity by following an incremental path of technological transformation,thereby achieving a green transition.Moreover,environmental technical standards indirectly promote green technology innovation in the upstream equipment manufacturing enterprises.Heterogeneity analysis further shows that environmental technical standards have a stronger effect of green transition on those companies with higher pollution emission intensity,lower productivity,slower capital renewal and stronger financing capacity prior to implementing the environmental policies.展开更多
With the rapid economic development and the speeding up of urbanization, the urban environmental problems in China are experiencing a progressive transition, which is characterized by steady transferring to the living...With the rapid economic development and the speeding up of urbanization, the urban environmental problems in China are experiencing a progressive transition, which is characterized by steady transferring to the living (or consumption) oriented pollution pattern from the production oriented pollution pattern. Regarding this transition, the environmental education recognized as an important measure for approaching the objective of sustainable development, should transfer its focus correspondingly in urban area, which is to transfer to the habit cultivating pattern on the basis of the traditional knowledge inputting environmental education pattern. In practice, the urban environmental education should emphasize more on developing or cultivating the sustainable living mode of the urban residents, especially the students in elementary and primary schools and women. By this transform, the environmental education may be guided further towards sustainable development, and to serve the achievement of sustainable cities better in China.展开更多
Renewable energy technologies, while often labeled as clean or net-zero alternatives to fossil fuels, involve substantial use of critical minerals in products like electric vehicles, solar panels, wind turbines, and b...Renewable energy technologies, while often labeled as clean or net-zero alternatives to fossil fuels, involve substantial use of critical minerals in products like electric vehicles, solar panels, wind turbines, and battery storage systems. This aspect is frequently underappreciated, yet studies indicate it could be a significant area of environmental impact. For instance, research has shown that a typical electric vehicle needs around six times the mineral resources of a conventional vehicle, while an onshore wind turbine requires nine times the mineral input compared to a gas power plant of similar capacity. This paper seeks to analyze the environmental effects linked to the critical minerals required by certain renewable energy technologies. The study begins with an estimation of the future megawatt capacities for each type of renewable technology. Next, it calculates the specific mineral quantities necessary for each model, followed by an assessment of the environmental repercussions tied to their extraction and processing. The results highlight the unique environmental challenges posed by the rising demand for minerals in solar and wind energy systems, taking into account various adoption scenarios.展开更多
在“双碳”目标背景下,电解铝企业的低碳转型对减缓气候变化具有重要意义。首先,核算了2010—2022年电解铝企业碳排放总量,并基于对数平均迪氏指数分解(Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index, LMDI)模型对影响因素进行分解,并明确能源碳强度...在“双碳”目标背景下,电解铝企业的低碳转型对减缓气候变化具有重要意义。首先,核算了2010—2022年电解铝企业碳排放总量,并基于对数平均迪氏指数分解(Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index, LMDI)模型对影响因素进行分解,并明确能源碳强度、工序碳强度、能源强度对碳排放量变化具有抑制作用。其次,结合政策导向、市场机制以及碳排放因素,提出4条电解铝企业低碳转型路径。最后,借助Vensim软件构建了系统动力学模型,并以某典型电解铝企业为例进行仿真分析。结果显示,4条路径均有助于企业的低碳转型,但成效存在差异。其中,数智化改造路径为案例企业在当前阶段较为平衡的选择。展开更多
This paper introduces some concepts such as q- process in random environment, Laplace transformation, ergodic potential kernel, error function and some basic lemmas.We study the continuity and Laplace transformation o...This paper introduces some concepts such as q- process in random environment, Laplace transformation, ergodic potential kernel, error function and some basic lemmas.We study the continuity and Laplace transformation of random transition function. Finally, we give the sufficient condition for the existence of ergodic potential kernel for homogeneous q- processes in random environments.展开更多
Metronome synchronization and the transition between the in-phase and anti-phase synchronization have been observed in classical systems.We demonstrate the quantum analog of this phenomenon in a two-qubit system coupl...Metronome synchronization and the transition between the in-phase and anti-phase synchronization have been observed in classical systems.We demonstrate the quantum analog of this phenomenon in a two-qubit system coupled to a common environment.Tracing out the environment in the quantum collision model,we obtain an effective master equation with a two-body dissipator for two qubits.Quenching the two-body dissipator,we demonstrate controlled transitions from in-phase to anti-phase synchronization.This synchronization transition is robust against noise.Signatures of the transition are observed through Pearson correlation coefficient measurements obtained via quantum simulations on superconducting circuits.Future experiments employing qutrit systems are expected to yield a more pronounced effect.展开更多
In an urban-transit bus, fueled by biodiesel in Toledo, Ohio, single inhalable particle samples in October 2008 were collected and detected by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry （SE...In an urban-transit bus, fueled by biodiesel in Toledo, Ohio, single inhalable particle samples in October 2008 were collected and detected by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry （SEM/EDS）. Particle size analysis found bimodal distribution at 0.2 and 0.5 μm. The particle morphology was characterized by 14 different shape clusters： square, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, nonagon, decagon, agglomerate, sphere, triangle, oblong, strip, line or stick, and unknown, by quantitative order. The square particles were common in the samples. Round and triangle particles are more, and pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, nonagon, decagon, strip, line or sticks are less. Agglomerate particles were found in abundance. The surface of most particles was coarse with a fractal edge that can provide a suitable chemical reaction bed in the polluted atmospheric environment. The three sorts of surface patterns of squares were smooth, semi-smooth, and coarse. The three sorts of square surface patterns represented the morphological characteristics of single inhalable particles in the air inside the bus in Toledo. The size and shape distribution results were compared to those obtained for a bus using ultra low sulfur diesel.展开更多
英国环境史学家威廉·卡弗特(William M. Cavert)的《雾都伦敦:现代早期城市的能源与环境》,以木材向煤炭的燃料变革为微观切入点,置于“工业革命”的宏观历史语境中,系统揭示了工业化前夜能源转型、技术革新与环境污染之间的复杂...英国环境史学家威廉·卡弗特(William M. Cavert)的《雾都伦敦:现代早期城市的能源与环境》,以木材向煤炭的燃料变革为微观切入点,置于“工业革命”的宏观历史语境中,系统揭示了工业化前夜能源转型、技术革新与环境污染之间的复杂纠葛。该书不仅呈现了近代以来人与环境互动的复杂历程,更为当代环境治理提供历史智慧。本文简要分析了《雾都伦敦》的研究方法、学术地位及其贡献,对其历史警示和现实启示进行了较为深入的探讨。展开更多
文摘Distinct from the existing literature conforming to the Porter hypothesis which emphasizes the technological innovation mechanism,this paper examines the mechanism of technological transformation through which environmental technical standards influence the manufacturing industry in reducing emissions and improving efficiency(i.e.green transition).Furthermore,drawing upon enterprise samples from the databases of Chinese Industrial Enterprises and Chinese Industrial Pollution Sources from Major Monitored Enterprises,it empirically validates the results of the theoretical analysis.Overall,our research reveals that environmental technical standards can propel manufacturing enterprises to reduce pollution and increase productivity by following an incremental path of technological transformation,thereby achieving a green transition.Moreover,environmental technical standards indirectly promote green technology innovation in the upstream equipment manufacturing enterprises.Heterogeneity analysis further shows that environmental technical standards have a stronger effect of green transition on those companies with higher pollution emission intensity,lower productivity,slower capital renewal and stronger financing capacity prior to implementing the environmental policies.
文摘With the rapid economic development and the speeding up of urbanization, the urban environmental problems in China are experiencing a progressive transition, which is characterized by steady transferring to the living (or consumption) oriented pollution pattern from the production oriented pollution pattern. Regarding this transition, the environmental education recognized as an important measure for approaching the objective of sustainable development, should transfer its focus correspondingly in urban area, which is to transfer to the habit cultivating pattern on the basis of the traditional knowledge inputting environmental education pattern. In practice, the urban environmental education should emphasize more on developing or cultivating the sustainable living mode of the urban residents, especially the students in elementary and primary schools and women. By this transform, the environmental education may be guided further towards sustainable development, and to serve the achievement of sustainable cities better in China.
文摘Renewable energy technologies, while often labeled as clean or net-zero alternatives to fossil fuels, involve substantial use of critical minerals in products like electric vehicles, solar panels, wind turbines, and battery storage systems. This aspect is frequently underappreciated, yet studies indicate it could be a significant area of environmental impact. For instance, research has shown that a typical electric vehicle needs around six times the mineral resources of a conventional vehicle, while an onshore wind turbine requires nine times the mineral input compared to a gas power plant of similar capacity. This paper seeks to analyze the environmental effects linked to the critical minerals required by certain renewable energy technologies. The study begins with an estimation of the future megawatt capacities for each type of renewable technology. Next, it calculates the specific mineral quantities necessary for each model, followed by an assessment of the environmental repercussions tied to their extraction and processing. The results highlight the unique environmental challenges posed by the rising demand for minerals in solar and wind energy systems, taking into account various adoption scenarios.
文摘在“双碳”目标背景下,电解铝企业的低碳转型对减缓气候变化具有重要意义。首先,核算了2010—2022年电解铝企业碳排放总量,并基于对数平均迪氏指数分解(Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index, LMDI)模型对影响因素进行分解,并明确能源碳强度、工序碳强度、能源强度对碳排放量变化具有抑制作用。其次,结合政策导向、市场机制以及碳排放因素,提出4条电解铝企业低碳转型路径。最后,借助Vensim软件构建了系统动力学模型,并以某典型电解铝企业为例进行仿真分析。结果显示,4条路径均有助于企业的低碳转型,但成效存在差异。其中,数智化改造路径为案例企业在当前阶段较为平衡的选择。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10371092)
文摘This paper introduces some concepts such as q- process in random environment, Laplace transformation, ergodic potential kernel, error function and some basic lemmas.We study the continuity and Laplace transformation of random transition function. Finally, we give the sufficient condition for the existence of ergodic potential kernel for homogeneous q- processes in random environments.
基金supported by the Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2024ZD0300600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92565105 and 12204395)+3 种基金Hong Kong RGC(Grant Nos.14301425,24308323,and C4050-23GF)Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative(Nos.GDZX2404004 and GDZX2505005)the Space Application System of China Manned Space ProgramCUHK Direct Grant。
文摘Metronome synchronization and the transition between the in-phase and anti-phase synchronization have been observed in classical systems.We demonstrate the quantum analog of this phenomenon in a two-qubit system coupled to a common environment.Tracing out the environment in the quantum collision model,we obtain an effective master equation with a two-body dissipator for two qubits.Quenching the two-body dissipator,we demonstrate controlled transitions from in-phase to anti-phase synchronization.This synchronization transition is robust against noise.Signatures of the transition are observed through Pearson correlation coefficient measurements obtained via quantum simulations on superconducting circuits.Future experiments employing qutrit systems are expected to yield a more pronounced effect.
文摘In an urban-transit bus, fueled by biodiesel in Toledo, Ohio, single inhalable particle samples in October 2008 were collected and detected by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry （SEM/EDS）. Particle size analysis found bimodal distribution at 0.2 and 0.5 μm. The particle morphology was characterized by 14 different shape clusters： square, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, nonagon, decagon, agglomerate, sphere, triangle, oblong, strip, line or stick, and unknown, by quantitative order. The square particles were common in the samples. Round and triangle particles are more, and pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, nonagon, decagon, strip, line or sticks are less. Agglomerate particles were found in abundance. The surface of most particles was coarse with a fractal edge that can provide a suitable chemical reaction bed in the polluted atmospheric environment. The three sorts of surface patterns of squares were smooth, semi-smooth, and coarse. The three sorts of square surface patterns represented the morphological characteristics of single inhalable particles in the air inside the bus in Toledo. The size and shape distribution results were compared to those obtained for a bus using ultra low sulfur diesel.
文摘英国环境史学家威廉·卡弗特(William M. Cavert)的《雾都伦敦:现代早期城市的能源与环境》,以木材向煤炭的燃料变革为微观切入点,置于“工业革命”的宏观历史语境中,系统揭示了工业化前夜能源转型、技术革新与环境污染之间的复杂纠葛。该书不仅呈现了近代以来人与环境互动的复杂历程,更为当代环境治理提供历史智慧。本文简要分析了《雾都伦敦》的研究方法、学术地位及其贡献,对其历史警示和现实启示进行了较为深入的探讨。
