According to palaeoenvironmental analysis on the fossil fauna dominated by Foraminifera and Ostracoda, core QC2 contains 8 marine transgressive beds, called (from up to bottom) Transgressive Beds Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ, …,Ⅷ resp...According to palaeoenvironmental analysis on the fossil fauna dominated by Foraminifera and Ostracoda, core QC2 contains 8 marine transgressive beds, called (from up to bottom) Transgressive Beds Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ, …,Ⅷ respectively. Together with dating data, the transgressive sequence since 1. 7 Ma B. P. has been established, indicating that the core went through middle and late Early Pleistocene, early and late Middle Pleistocene, early and late (Substages A and B) Late Pleistocene and the Holocene transgressions. Within these 8 transgressions, late Middle Pleistocene, early Late Pleistocene and the Holocene transgressions-had rather strong activities proved by shallow sea (of 50 or 20-50 m water depth) deposits in the prime, while 2 of the 8, during middle Early Pleistocene and late Late Pleistocene (Substage A), were much weaker only with supratidal deposits. The transgressive cycles also differ from each other. Transgressions in the Holocene and in Substage B of late Late Pleistocene are made up of 3 and 2 subcycles of marine ingressions and regressions respectively, but most transgressions only have a single ingressive or regressive sequence. With the core, some important problems concerning, the study of Quaternary transgression such as correlation of transgressive beds and climatic periods and dating of the transgressive beds are discussed in this paper.展开更多
为研究消毒剂对猪粪厌氧发酵系统的影响,选取不同浓度(质量分数0.02%、0.1%、0.5%)卫可(Virkon^(TM))消毒剂进行试验。结果表明:在高浓度Virkon^(TM)胁迫下,厌氧发酵系统出水中总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、氨氮(ammonia nitrogen,NH_(4)^(...为研究消毒剂对猪粪厌氧发酵系统的影响,选取不同浓度(质量分数0.02%、0.1%、0.5%)卫可(Virkon^(TM))消毒剂进行试验。结果表明:在高浓度Virkon^(TM)胁迫下,厌氧发酵系统出水中总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、氨氮(ammonia nitrogen,NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总磷(total phosphorus,TP)和化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)等含量异常剧增,伴随TS和VS的降解率下降。对照组(CK组)和0.02%、0.1%和0.5%Virkon^(TM)试验组(分别记为L组、M组和H组)的最大产CH_(4)速率分别为63.20、71.63、73.10和38.17mL/g且CH_4总产量分别降低4.48%、16.58%(P<0.001)和86.33%(P<0.001)。随着暴露时间的延长,试验组的关键酶活呈先升后降趋势,其中,H组的S-α-GC、S-β-GC、S-ACP、S-NP及S-CAT等土壤酶活被显著性抑制(P<0.05)。进一步结合高通量测序发现,在整个厌氧发酵阶段,H组Ace指数、Chao指数和Shannon指数均显著性低于CK组(P<0.01)。在门水平上,第一优势菌群为厚壁菌门,其次为变形菌门,其中厚壁菌门相对丰度随Virkon^(TM)浓度的上升而降低,而变形菌门则相反;在属水平上,随着厌氧发酵时间的延长,束毛球菌属(Trichococcus)相对丰度均出现不同程度上升,由0.19%~0.39%提升至2.80%~4.20%,而H组中史密斯氏菌属(Smithella)的相对丰度受到极显著性(P<0.001)的抑制,较CK组下降91%。同时通过PICRUSt2功能预测分析发现,各试验组微生物群落COG(clusters of orthologous groups of proteins)功能组成结构差异并不明显,未知功能及氨基酸运输和代谢为主要优势功能;结合KO(KEGG orthology)结果与KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)数据库相关基因分析发现,高浓度Virkon^(TM)显著抑制微生物群落的生长代谢活性并削弱厌氧发酵系统的甲烷合成效能,另一方面,却诱导关键功能基因K00531(anfG)的表达活性发生超量级响应,较对照组(CK)激增约272倍。其表达水平的显著上调可能通过强化关键酶活性,使系统对Virkon^(TM)消毒副产物中典型氯代污染物(氯代烷烃及氯代烯烃类化合物)的降解效率获得提升,结果可为猪粪厌氧消化处理提供参考。展开更多
文摘According to palaeoenvironmental analysis on the fossil fauna dominated by Foraminifera and Ostracoda, core QC2 contains 8 marine transgressive beds, called (from up to bottom) Transgressive Beds Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ, …,Ⅷ respectively. Together with dating data, the transgressive sequence since 1. 7 Ma B. P. has been established, indicating that the core went through middle and late Early Pleistocene, early and late Middle Pleistocene, early and late (Substages A and B) Late Pleistocene and the Holocene transgressions. Within these 8 transgressions, late Middle Pleistocene, early Late Pleistocene and the Holocene transgressions-had rather strong activities proved by shallow sea (of 50 or 20-50 m water depth) deposits in the prime, while 2 of the 8, during middle Early Pleistocene and late Late Pleistocene (Substage A), were much weaker only with supratidal deposits. The transgressive cycles also differ from each other. Transgressions in the Holocene and in Substage B of late Late Pleistocene are made up of 3 and 2 subcycles of marine ingressions and regressions respectively, but most transgressions only have a single ingressive or regressive sequence. With the core, some important problems concerning, the study of Quaternary transgression such as correlation of transgressive beds and climatic periods and dating of the transgressive beds are discussed in this paper.
文摘为研究消毒剂对猪粪厌氧发酵系统的影响,选取不同浓度(质量分数0.02%、0.1%、0.5%)卫可(Virkon^(TM))消毒剂进行试验。结果表明:在高浓度Virkon^(TM)胁迫下,厌氧发酵系统出水中总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、氨氮(ammonia nitrogen,NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总磷(total phosphorus,TP)和化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)等含量异常剧增,伴随TS和VS的降解率下降。对照组(CK组)和0.02%、0.1%和0.5%Virkon^(TM)试验组(分别记为L组、M组和H组)的最大产CH_(4)速率分别为63.20、71.63、73.10和38.17mL/g且CH_4总产量分别降低4.48%、16.58%(P<0.001)和86.33%(P<0.001)。随着暴露时间的延长,试验组的关键酶活呈先升后降趋势,其中,H组的S-α-GC、S-β-GC、S-ACP、S-NP及S-CAT等土壤酶活被显著性抑制(P<0.05)。进一步结合高通量测序发现,在整个厌氧发酵阶段,H组Ace指数、Chao指数和Shannon指数均显著性低于CK组(P<0.01)。在门水平上,第一优势菌群为厚壁菌门,其次为变形菌门,其中厚壁菌门相对丰度随Virkon^(TM)浓度的上升而降低,而变形菌门则相反;在属水平上,随着厌氧发酵时间的延长,束毛球菌属(Trichococcus)相对丰度均出现不同程度上升,由0.19%~0.39%提升至2.80%~4.20%,而H组中史密斯氏菌属(Smithella)的相对丰度受到极显著性(P<0.001)的抑制,较CK组下降91%。同时通过PICRUSt2功能预测分析发现,各试验组微生物群落COG(clusters of orthologous groups of proteins)功能组成结构差异并不明显,未知功能及氨基酸运输和代谢为主要优势功能;结合KO(KEGG orthology)结果与KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)数据库相关基因分析发现,高浓度Virkon^(TM)显著抑制微生物群落的生长代谢活性并削弱厌氧发酵系统的甲烷合成效能,另一方面,却诱导关键功能基因K00531(anfG)的表达活性发生超量级响应,较对照组(CK)激增约272倍。其表达水平的显著上调可能通过强化关键酶活性,使系统对Virkon^(TM)消毒副产物中典型氯代污染物(氯代烷烃及氯代烯烃类化合物)的降解效率获得提升,结果可为猪粪厌氧消化处理提供参考。
