By clarifying the concept and function of eco-trail,the planning principles of eco-trail in China were proposed(ecological conservation,overall accessibility,recreational sightseeing,historical and cultural implicatio...By clarifying the concept and function of eco-trail,the planning principles of eco-trail in China were proposed(ecological conservation,overall accessibility,recreational sightseeing,historical and cultural implication),then the construction indexes of eco-trail were put forward,specifically,① Trail width,2-12 m,depends on actual conditions of different sections;② Width of green belt,also varies in different sections and types,such as the green belt for traffic eco-trail is around 2-5 m,for eco-trail protecting rivers 10-15 m,for natural ridge-type eco-trail should be more than 12 m,and the width of green belt for tourism cultural eco-trail is diversified according to the section it passes;③ Infrastructures of eco-trail,including barrier-free design(mainly blind pass design),water supply and drainage system(generally pipes or channels,always designed by combining with other road types in the downtown,including the layout of side-drainage,gutter inlet and linking pipe),lighting facilities(including road lighting and landscape lighting),sign system(including indicating signs and security signs).Through constructing eco-trails in cities,the harmonious unification of human beings,city and natural environment is to be achieved.展开更多
Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（LF-r TMS） to the contralesional hemisphere and intensive occupational therapy（i OT） have been shown to contribute to a significant improvement in upper li...Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（LF-r TMS） to the contralesional hemisphere and intensive occupational therapy（i OT） have been shown to contribute to a significant improvement in upper limb hemiparesis in patients with chronic stroke. However, the effect of the combined intervention program of LF-r TMS and i OT on cognitive function is unknown. We retrospectively investigated whether the combined treatment influence patient＇s Trail-Making Test part B（TMT-B） performance, which is a group of easy and inexpensive neuropsychological tests that evaluate several cognitive functions. Twenty-five patients received 11 sessions of LF-r TMS to the contralesional hemisphere and 2 sessions of i OT per day over 15 successive days. Patients with right- and left-sided hemiparesis demonstrated significant improvements in upper limb motor function following the combined intervention program. Only patients with right-sided hemiparesis exhibited improved TMT-B performance following the combined intervention program, and there was a significant negative correlation between Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale total score change and TMT-B performance. The results indicate the possibility that LF-r TMS to the contralesional hemisphere combined with i OT improves the upper limb motor function and cognitive function of patients with right-sided hemiparesis. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of improved cognitive function.展开更多
This research examines the effects of task administration on Trail Making Test performance. The TMT consists of two parts, TMT Part A and TMT Part B. Generally, it has been believed that the order the two parts are co...This research examines the effects of task administration on Trail Making Test performance. The TMT consists of two parts, TMT Part A and TMT Part B. Generally, it has been believed that the order the two parts are completed does not influence test results;however, there is one previous study that has suggested that the order is indeed an influential factor on test scores. To measure frontal lobe function, the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to measure changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in 48 young, healthy Japanese subjects as they completed Parts A and B. We subtracted the change in oxy-Hb while completing Part A from that while completing Part B (B-A Oxy-Hb) for a comparison to facilitate an investigation of how, or if, the order in which the TMT is taken influences test success. We found that when Part A was completed first, there were only small changes in the B-A oxy-Hb, but when Part B was completed first, there were larger changes. This study indicates that the order the tests are completed in may influence outcomes, thus assessments using the TMT must follow a consistent task order.展开更多
文摘By clarifying the concept and function of eco-trail,the planning principles of eco-trail in China were proposed(ecological conservation,overall accessibility,recreational sightseeing,historical and cultural implication),then the construction indexes of eco-trail were put forward,specifically,① Trail width,2-12 m,depends on actual conditions of different sections;② Width of green belt,also varies in different sections and types,such as the green belt for traffic eco-trail is around 2-5 m,for eco-trail protecting rivers 10-15 m,for natural ridge-type eco-trail should be more than 12 m,and the width of green belt for tourism cultural eco-trail is diversified according to the section it passes;③ Infrastructures of eco-trail,including barrier-free design(mainly blind pass design),water supply and drainage system(generally pipes or channels,always designed by combining with other road types in the downtown,including the layout of side-drainage,gutter inlet and linking pipe),lighting facilities(including road lighting and landscape lighting),sign system(including indicating signs and security signs).Through constructing eco-trails in cities,the harmonious unification of human beings,city and natural environment is to be achieved.
文摘Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（LF-r TMS） to the contralesional hemisphere and intensive occupational therapy（i OT） have been shown to contribute to a significant improvement in upper limb hemiparesis in patients with chronic stroke. However, the effect of the combined intervention program of LF-r TMS and i OT on cognitive function is unknown. We retrospectively investigated whether the combined treatment influence patient＇s Trail-Making Test part B（TMT-B） performance, which is a group of easy and inexpensive neuropsychological tests that evaluate several cognitive functions. Twenty-five patients received 11 sessions of LF-r TMS to the contralesional hemisphere and 2 sessions of i OT per day over 15 successive days. Patients with right- and left-sided hemiparesis demonstrated significant improvements in upper limb motor function following the combined intervention program. Only patients with right-sided hemiparesis exhibited improved TMT-B performance following the combined intervention program, and there was a significant negative correlation between Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale total score change and TMT-B performance. The results indicate the possibility that LF-r TMS to the contralesional hemisphere combined with i OT improves the upper limb motor function and cognitive function of patients with right-sided hemiparesis. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of improved cognitive function.
文摘This research examines the effects of task administration on Trail Making Test performance. The TMT consists of two parts, TMT Part A and TMT Part B. Generally, it has been believed that the order the two parts are completed does not influence test results;however, there is one previous study that has suggested that the order is indeed an influential factor on test scores. To measure frontal lobe function, the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to measure changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in 48 young, healthy Japanese subjects as they completed Parts A and B. We subtracted the change in oxy-Hb while completing Part A from that while completing Part B (B-A Oxy-Hb) for a comparison to facilitate an investigation of how, or if, the order in which the TMT is taken influences test success. We found that when Part A was completed first, there were only small changes in the B-A oxy-Hb, but when Part B was completed first, there were larger changes. This study indicates that the order the tests are completed in may influence outcomes, thus assessments using the TMT must follow a consistent task order.
