With the help of technique of integration within an ordered product of operators we can fully display the partial trace method to deduce some new density operators of light field. The general form of single-mode densi...With the help of technique of integration within an ordered product of operators we can fully display the partial trace method to deduce some new density operators of light field. The general form of single-mode density operator is derived in this way from a normalized two-mode generalized squeezed pure state density operator.展开更多
Linear minimum mean square error(MMSE)detection has been shown to achieve near-optimal performance for massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems but inevitably involves complicated matrix inversion,which ent...Linear minimum mean square error(MMSE)detection has been shown to achieve near-optimal performance for massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems but inevitably involves complicated matrix inversion,which entails high complexity.To avoid the exact matrix inversion,a considerable number of implicit and explicit approximate matrix inversion based detection methods is proposed.By combining the advantages of both the explicit and the implicit matrix inversion,this paper introduces a new low-complexity signal detection algorithm.Firstly,the relationship between implicit and explicit techniques is analyzed.Then,an enhanced Newton iteration method is introduced to realize an approximate MMSE detection for massive MIMO uplink systems.The proposed improved Newton iteration significantly reduces the complexity of conventional Newton iteration.However,its complexity is still high for higher iterations.Thus,it is applied only for first two iterations.For subsequent iterations,we propose a novel trace iterative method(TIM)based low-complexity algorithm,which has significantly lower complexity than higher Newton iterations.Convergence guarantees of the proposed detector are also provided.Numerical simulations verify that the proposed detector exhibits significant performance enhancement over recently reported iterative detectors and achieves close-to-MMSE performance while retaining the low-complexity advantage for systems with hundreds of antennas.展开更多
A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled europium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simple because labeling process...A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled europium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simple because labeling process is omitted.The detection limit is about 10^(10) mol/L antigen.The relative standard deviation of immunoassay is less than 10%.The recoveries of human serum albumin and estradiol protein conjugate are 96-105% and 111% respectively.展开更多
A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled Terbium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simpte because labeling process ...A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled Terbium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simpte because labeling process is unnecessary.The recovery of HSA and albumin in urine is 107% and 95% respectively.The standard deviation is tess than 10%.展开更多
Although previous investigations of the trace elements in snow and ice from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau obtained interesting information about pollution from human activities on the plateau, most were based on traditi...Although previous investigations of the trace elements in snow and ice from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau obtained interesting information about pollution from human activities on the plateau, most were based on traditional acidification methods.To emphasize the influence of the different sample-preparation methods on the records of trace elements and rare earth elements, snow samples were collected from glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China and prepared using two methods: traditional acidification and total digestion. Concentrations of 18 trace elements(Al, Ti, Fe, Rb, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mn, Li,Cu, Co, Mo, Cs, Sb, Pb, Tl, and U), along with 14 rare earth elements(REEs: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er,Tm, Yb, and Lu), Y, and Th in the snow samples, were measured using inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry(ICP-SFMS). The results showed that the mass fraction of the trace elements(defined as ratio of concentration in the acid-leachable fraction to that in the digested sample) such as Mo, Ti, Al, Rb, and V, varied from 0.06 to 0.5. The mass fraction of other trace elements varied from about 0.6 to more than 0.9; those of the REEs, Y, and Th varied from 0.34 to0.75. Lower mass fractions will lead to an overestimated contribution of other sources, especially human activities, and the underestimated fluxes of these trace elements(especially REEs, Y, and Th, as well as dust) if the REEs are used as the proxy for the crust dust. The two sample-preparation methods exhibited different REE normalized distribution patterns,REE ratios, and provenance-tracing results. The REE normalized distribution patterns and proxies in the digested samples are more reliable and integrated than those found in traditional acidification method for dust-provenance tracing.展开更多
The spinors applied to describe position and attitude of robot are studied. In dual spaces, the terminal trace of robot is planned through the mapping point, of attitude spinors. As a handy method directly perceived t...The spinors applied to describe position and attitude of robot are studied. In dual spaces, the terminal trace of robot is planned through the mapping point, of attitude spinors. As a handy method directly perceived through the sense, the spinor method directly converges tracking error in the planning. It promotes the dynamic accuracy of trace operation. It is also suitable to the exerciser with redundant freedom.展开更多
基金Supported by the President Foundation of Chinese Academy of Science and National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10775097 and 10874174
文摘With the help of technique of integration within an ordered product of operators we can fully display the partial trace method to deduce some new density operators of light field. The general form of single-mode density operator is derived in this way from a normalized two-mode generalized squeezed pure state density operator.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62371225,62371227)。
文摘Linear minimum mean square error(MMSE)detection has been shown to achieve near-optimal performance for massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems but inevitably involves complicated matrix inversion,which entails high complexity.To avoid the exact matrix inversion,a considerable number of implicit and explicit approximate matrix inversion based detection methods is proposed.By combining the advantages of both the explicit and the implicit matrix inversion,this paper introduces a new low-complexity signal detection algorithm.Firstly,the relationship between implicit and explicit techniques is analyzed.Then,an enhanced Newton iteration method is introduced to realize an approximate MMSE detection for massive MIMO uplink systems.The proposed improved Newton iteration significantly reduces the complexity of conventional Newton iteration.However,its complexity is still high for higher iterations.Thus,it is applied only for first two iterations.For subsequent iterations,we propose a novel trace iterative method(TIM)based low-complexity algorithm,which has significantly lower complexity than higher Newton iterations.Convergence guarantees of the proposed detector are also provided.Numerical simulations verify that the proposed detector exhibits significant performance enhancement over recently reported iterative detectors and achieves close-to-MMSE performance while retaining the low-complexity advantage for systems with hundreds of antennas.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled europium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simple because labeling process is omitted.The detection limit is about 10^(10) mol/L antigen.The relative standard deviation of immunoassay is less than 10%.The recoveries of human serum albumin and estradiol protein conjugate are 96-105% and 111% respectively.
基金supported by National Commission of Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘A fluoroimmunoassay method using unlabeled Terbium chelate is described.The principle is similar to that of fluoroimmunoassay method using lanthanide chelate as labels.The procedure is simpte because labeling process is unnecessary.The recovery of HSA and albumin in urine is 107% and 95% respectively.The standard deviation is tess than 10%.
基金supported by grants provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41276194,40771046,and 40601021)
文摘Although previous investigations of the trace elements in snow and ice from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau obtained interesting information about pollution from human activities on the plateau, most were based on traditional acidification methods.To emphasize the influence of the different sample-preparation methods on the records of trace elements and rare earth elements, snow samples were collected from glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China and prepared using two methods: traditional acidification and total digestion. Concentrations of 18 trace elements(Al, Ti, Fe, Rb, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mn, Li,Cu, Co, Mo, Cs, Sb, Pb, Tl, and U), along with 14 rare earth elements(REEs: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er,Tm, Yb, and Lu), Y, and Th in the snow samples, were measured using inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry(ICP-SFMS). The results showed that the mass fraction of the trace elements(defined as ratio of concentration in the acid-leachable fraction to that in the digested sample) such as Mo, Ti, Al, Rb, and V, varied from 0.06 to 0.5. The mass fraction of other trace elements varied from about 0.6 to more than 0.9; those of the REEs, Y, and Th varied from 0.34 to0.75. Lower mass fractions will lead to an overestimated contribution of other sources, especially human activities, and the underestimated fluxes of these trace elements(especially REEs, Y, and Th, as well as dust) if the REEs are used as the proxy for the crust dust. The two sample-preparation methods exhibited different REE normalized distribution patterns,REE ratios, and provenance-tracing results. The REE normalized distribution patterns and proxies in the digested samples are more reliable and integrated than those found in traditional acidification method for dust-provenance tracing.
文摘The spinors applied to describe position and attitude of robot are studied. In dual spaces, the terminal trace of robot is planned through the mapping point, of attitude spinors. As a handy method directly perceived through the sense, the spinor method directly converges tracking error in the planning. It promotes the dynamic accuracy of trace operation. It is also suitable to the exerciser with redundant freedom.
文摘针对激光诱导击穿光谱(Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy,LIBS)检测茶水中痕量重金属存在的样品富集速度慢、液体飞溅、光谱信号弱和检测灵敏度低等问题,研制了一种基于干滴法的茶水痕量重金属快速富集装置,结合金银纳米粒子(Gold and Silver Nanoparticles,Au-AgNPs)改性的聚丙烯腈(Polyacrylonitrile,PAN)纳米纤维膜,增强了LIBS光谱信号,提高了茶水中痕量重金属检测的灵敏度。实验结果表明:茶水痕量重金属快速富集装置供液模块的平均相对误差为4.6%,温度控制的平均相对误差为3.1%。在富集装置最佳参数为加热温度60℃、茶水用量0.6 mL、供液速度2.0 mL/h时,Cr和Cu的定标曲线R^(2)分别为0.994和0.996,检测限(Limit of Detection,LOD)分别为3μg/L和7μg/L。选取我国7种不同类型的市售茶(花茶、绿茶、青茶、白茶、黄茶、红茶、黑茶)作为真实样本进行验证,实验结果表明:Cr和Cu浓度检测的平均相对误差分别为5.9%和6.4%,与电感耦合等离子体质谱(Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry,ICP-MS)检测结果相当,可为LIBS技术在茶水重金属检测中的应用提供方法支撑。
