Hatchery release is a common and effective practice for protecting and restoring wild resources,and the success of the practice is commonly assessed using mark-recapture technology.We investigated the use of different...Hatchery release is a common and effective practice for protecting and restoring wild resources,and the success of the practice is commonly assessed using mark-recapture technology.We investigated the use of different dimensional X-ray imaging techniques for the strontium(Sr)marking of fish fin rays for stocking.Megalobrama amblycephala juveniles were marked by culturing specimens in 800-mg/L SrCl_(2)·6 H_(2)O solution,the cross-sections of dorsal fin rays were subsequently obtained,and the concentrations Sr was analyzed by 2 D imaging using an electron probe X-ray microanalyzer.Our preliminary findings indicate that the immersion marking method is effective for the Sr marking of fin rays in experimental fish.Moreover,we generated a bird’s-eye-view 3 D mesh image of the Sr concentrations,which can provide a more comprehensive information for fish stocking than that using normal 2 D imaging.展开更多
AIM:To compare the accuracy of manual marking versus an image-guided system for toric implantable collamer lens(TICL)implantation and evaluate the short-term postoperative rotational stability of TICL and corneal surg...AIM:To compare the accuracy of manual marking versus an image-guided system for toric implantable collamer lens(TICL)implantation and evaluate the short-term postoperative rotational stability of TICL and corneal surgically induced astigmatism vector(SIA).METHODS:Retrospective analysis was conducted on eyes with TICL alignment achieved through manual marking(n=75)or VERION image-guided system-assisted marking(n=83).Each group was further classified into horizontal and vertical subgroups based on implant orientation.Additionally,patients were categorized into superior and temporal incision subgroups according to the position of main corneal incision.The misalignment and rotational stability of TICL were analyzed using slit-lamp anterior segment photography.Surgical predictability,efficacy,safety,and corneal SIA were also evaluated.RESULTS:In general,the TICL implantation with manual and digital image-guided systems all achieved robust predictability,efficacy,and safety.The misalignment of TICL was comparable between the manual and VERION groups(0.16°±3.97°vs 0.52°±5.59°,P=0.633),while a significant difference was observed in the absolute misalignment of TICL between the two groups(3.02°±2.55°vs 4.28°±3.61°,P=0.043).There were no significant differences in the distribution of TICL misalignment between the manual and VERION groups or between horizontal and vertical implant orientation groups(P>0.05).Furthermore,different orientations of TICL placement did not show statistically significant differences in rotational stability(P=0.46).Statistically significant differences were found in anterior corneal SIA between the manual and VERION groups(0.46±0.27 vs 0.33±0.21 D,P=0.001),especially for superior incision position(0.60±0.27 vs 0.35±0.23 D,P<0.0001).The anterior SIA exhibited a significant difference between superior and temporal incisions in the manual group(0.60±0.27 vs 0.35±0.20 D,P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:Compared with the conventional manual marking method,this study indicates that the digital image-guided system with VERION is safe and effective in TICL implantation.The digital system offers the advantage of minimizing corneal SIA compared to the manual method.展开更多
This paper discusses the approach to the CET （college English test） oral test based on automatic essay marking （AEM）. The reliability and validity arouses a dispute on Internet-based CET （iB-CET） oral test in Ch...This paper discusses the approach to the CET （college English test） oral test based on automatic essay marking （AEM）. The reliability and validity arouses a dispute on Internet-based CET （iB-CET） oral test in China, leading to the penetration into oral test contents in dialogue, description or comment, and question answering. Then, a probe into transformation from a spoken document into a textual document is touched on a conversion ratio of 72% adopted at the present time, AEM to be carried forward being a necessary hypothesis for Afterwards, this paper focuses on the pipeline in AEM with the content features and the language itself, which is established in two different models in marking for extraction and detection. Through experiments, this paper reveals the fact that an iB-CET oral test can be performed perfectly in the pipeline of spoken documents transformed into textual documents which can be automatically marked. Hence the design of the iB-CET oral test reaches its reliability and validity.展开更多
Marking arbitrary three-dimensional(3D) target curves on given objects with curved surface is required in many industrial fields, such as fabric prepreg placement in composite material part fabrication, product assemb...Marking arbitrary three-dimensional(3D) target curves on given objects with curved surface is required in many industrial fields, such as fabric prepreg placement in composite material part fabrication, product assembly, surface painting for decoration, etc. A shortcut to the solution of this intractable problem is proposed by utilizing a galvanometric laser scanner(GLS) with the aid of a camera. Without using the existing tedious GLS calibration procedures,the proposed method directly establishes a mapping between the 3D coordinates of the laser spots on the object surface and the control voltages of the scanner. A single-hidden layer feedforward neural network(SLFN) is employed to model the mapping. By projecting a dense grid of laser spots on the object to be marked and simultaneously taking only one image, the SLFN model is trained in minutes via a linear solving mechanism. Experiments demonstrate that the trained SLFN model has a good generalization performance for marking 3D target curves. The 3D laser marking errors on experimental objects are less than 0.5 mm. The proposed method is especially suitable for on-site use and can be conveniently extended to multiple GLSs for marking large complex objects.展开更多
Animals have evolved a variety of behavior patterns to adapt to the environment. Motion-capture technology is utilized to quantify and characterize locomotor behaviors to reveal the mechanisms of animal motion. In the...Animals have evolved a variety of behavior patterns to adapt to the environment. Motion-capture technology is utilized to quantify and characterize locomotor behaviors to reveal the mechanisms of animal motion. In the capture of flexible, small animals with complex locomotor behaviors, the markers interfere with each other easily, and the motion forms(bending, twisting) of the moving parts are obviously different;thus, it is a great challenge to realize accurate quantitative characterization of complex locomotor behaviors. The correlation between the marker properties, including the size and space length, and the precision of the system are revealed in this paper, and the effects of diverse marker shapes on the capturing accuracy of the captured objects in different motion forms were tested. Results showed that the precision of system is significantly improved when the ratio of the space length to the diameter of the markers is larger than four;for the capture of the spatial twisting motion of the flexible object, the hexagon markers had the lowest spatial lost-marker rate relative to the circle, triangle, and square. Customized markers were used to capture the locomotor behavior of the gecko-inspired robot(rigid connection) and the gecko(flexible connection). The results showed that this marking technology can achieve high accuracy of motion capture for geckos(the average deviation was approximately 0.32 mm, and the average deviation’s variation rate was approximately 0.96%). In this paper, the marking technology for the motion capture of flexible, small animals with complex motion is proposed;it can effectively improve the system precision as well as the capture accuracy, and realize the quantitative characterization of the complex motion of flexible, small objects. It provides a reliable technical means to deeply study the evolution of the motion function of small animals and advance systematic research of motion-capture technology.展开更多
Autonomic networking is one of the hot research topics in the research area of future network architectures.In this paper, we introduce context-aware and autonomic attributes into DiffServ QoS framework, and propose a...Autonomic networking is one of the hot research topics in the research area of future network architectures.In this paper, we introduce context-aware and autonomic attributes into DiffServ QoS framework, and propose a novel autonomic packet marking(APM) algorithm.In the proposed autonomic QoS framework, APM is capable of collecting various QoS related contexts, and adaptively adjusting its behavior to provide better QoS guarantee according to users' requirements and network conditions.Simulation results show that APM provides better performance than traditional packet marker, and significantly improves user's quality of experience.展开更多
To improve the weak corrosion resistance of silicon steel to acid solution and alkaline solution with high temperature,a stable hierarchical micro/nanostructure superhydrophobic surface with myriad irregular micro-sca...To improve the weak corrosion resistance of silicon steel to acid solution and alkaline solution with high temperature,a stable hierarchical micro/nanostructure superhydrophobic surface with myriad irregular micro-scale hump and sheet-like nanostructure was successfully prepared on silicon steel by a simple,efficient and facile operation in large-area laser marking treatment.The morphology,composition,wettability of the as-prepared surface were studied.The superhydrophobic performance of the surface was investigated as well.Additionally,the corrosion resistance of the superhydrophobic surface to acidic solutions at room temperature and alkaline solutions at high temperature (80 ℃) was carefully explored.The corrosion resistance mechanism was clarified.Moreover,considering the practical application of the surface in the future,the hardness of the hierarchical micro/nanostructure superhydrophobic surface was studied.The experimental results indicate that the hierarchical micro/nanostructure surface with texture spacing of 100 μm treated at laser scanning speed of 100 mms/ presents superior superhydrophobicity after decreasing surface energy.The contact angle can be as high as 156.6°.Additionally,the superhydrophobic surface provide superior and stable anticorrosive protection for silicon steel in various corrosive environments.More importantly,the prepared structure of the surface shows high hardness,which ensures that the surface of the superhydrophobic surface cannot be destroyed easily.The surface is able to maintain great superhydrophobic performance when it suffers from slight impacting and abrasion.展开更多
The essential requirement for precise localization of a self-driving car is a lane-level map which includes road markings(RMs).Obviously,we can build the lane-level map by running a mobile mapping system(MMS)which is ...The essential requirement for precise localization of a self-driving car is a lane-level map which includes road markings(RMs).Obviously,we can build the lane-level map by running a mobile mapping system(MMS)which is equipped with a high-end 3D LiDAR and a number of high-cost sensors.This approach,however,is highly expensive and ineffective since a single high-end MMS must visit every place for mapping.In this paper,a lane-level RM mapping system using a monocular camera is developed.The developed system can be considered as an alternative to expensive high-end MMS.The developed RM map includes the information of road lanes(RLs)and symbolic road markings(SRMs).First,to build a lane-level RM map,the RMs are segmented at pixel level through the deep learning network.The network is named RMNet.The segmented RMs are then gathered to build a lane-level RM map.Second,the lane-level map is improved through loop-closure detection and graph optimization.To train the RMNet and build a lane-level RM map,a new dataset named SeRM set is developed.The set is a large dataset for lane-level RM mapping and it includes a total of 25157 pixel-wise annotated images and 21000 position labeled images.Finally,the proposed lane-level map building method is applied to SeRM set and its validity is demonstrated through experimentation.展开更多
Road marking detection is an important branch in autonomous driving,understanding the road information.In recent years,deep-learning-based semantic segmentation methods for road marking detection have been arising sin...Road marking detection is an important branch in autonomous driving,understanding the road information.In recent years,deep-learning-based semantic segmentation methods for road marking detection have been arising since they can generalize detection result well under complicated environments and hold rich pixel-level semantic information.Nevertheless,the previous methods mostly study the training process of the segmentation network,while omitting the time cost of manually annotating pixel-level data.Besides,the pixel-level semantic segmentation results need to be fitted into more reliable and compact models so that geometrical information of road markings can be explicitly obtained.In order to tackle the above problems,this paper describes a semantic segmentation-based road marking detection method using around view monitoring system.A semiautomatic semantic annotation platform is developed,which exploits an auxiliary segmentation graph to speed up the annotation process while guaranteeing the annotation accuracy.A segmentation-based detection module is also described,which models the semantic segmentation results for the more robust and compact analysis.The proposed detection module is composed of three parts:vote-based segmentation fusion filtering,graph-based road marking clustering,and road-marking fitting.Experiments under various scenarios show that the semantic segmentation-based detection method can achieve accurate,robust,and real-time detection performance.展开更多
In order to assess the effect of enhancement release of chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta),otolith strontium(Sr)marking method was used to tag chum salmon released in Tangwang River in 2016.The homing chum salmon were det...In order to assess the effect of enhancement release of chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta),otolith strontium(Sr)marking method was used to tag chum salmon released in Tangwang River in 2016.The homing chum salmon were detected and the samples were collected in Tangwang River,Ussuri River and Suifen River in the autumn of2018.The samples were analyzed by examining Sr and calcium(Ca)fingerprints in the otolith using electron probe microanalysis.The results suggested that two samples collected in Tangwang River had the marking ring near the core of otolith where the Sr concentration and Sr/Ca ratio were significantly higher than comparative samples.Proving that the two fish belonged to the released population in Tangwang River in 2016.This article indicated the success of the enhancement release of chum salmon from the Tangwang River for the first time and also confirmed the validity of Sr marking in enhancement release of fishes.展开更多
This paper presents a dynamic probabilistic marking algorithm with multiple routing address tags, which allows the vic- tim to traceback the origin of ICMP （Internet Control Message Pro- tocol）-based direct and refl...This paper presents a dynamic probabilistic marking algorithm with multiple routing address tags, which allows the vic- tim to traceback the origin of ICMP （Internet Control Message Pro- tocol）-based direct and reflective DoS attacks. The proposed ap- proach makes full use of scalable data space of ICMP packet to achieve multiple information tags. The difference between this pro- posal and previous proposals lies in two points. First, the number of packets needed by the victim to reconstruct the attack path is greatly reduced because of three key mechanisms： multi-tag, uniform left- over probability, and tag location choice based on the module of accommodated tag numbers within a packet. Second, the true origin of both direct and reflective ICMP-based DoS attacks can be traced.展开更多
This paper describes a novel algorithm for fragile watermarking of 3D models. Fragile watermarking requires detection of even minute intentional changes to the 3D model along with the location of the change. This pose...This paper describes a novel algorithm for fragile watermarking of 3D models. Fragile watermarking requires detection of even minute intentional changes to the 3D model along with the location of the change. This poses a challenge since inserting random amount of watermark in all the vertices of the model would generally introduce perceptible distortion. The proposed algorithm overcomes this challenge by using genetic algorithm to modify every vertex location in the model so that there is no perceptible distortion. Various experimental results are used to justify the choice of the genetic algorithm design parameters. Experimental results also indicate that the proposed algorithm can accurately detect location of any mesh modification.展开更多
This study explores the reasons underlying the frequent appearance of ＂marking problem＂ during the production of double-walled copper-brazed steel tubes. To this end, we compared two types of copper-coated steel str...This study explores the reasons underlying the frequent appearance of ＂marking problem＂ during the production of double-walled copper-brazed steel tubes. To this end, we compared two types of copper-coated steel strips, of which one has almost no problem during production, whereas the other has higher number of incidences of ＂marking problem＂. We analyzed the chemical composition,mechanical properties,the cross-sectional metallographs, and surface quality of the trimmed edge in both types of specimen. After the roll forming process, the bonding condition between the steel layers of the tubes before and after brazing process has also been examined. Results indicate that the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the two kinds of strips are similar; however, the edge quality of the trimmed strips is significantly different. It is believed that the irregular shape of the edge portions in the strips will be more pronounced during the bevel treatment. Consequently, smooth and tight seams cannot be guaranteed by such uneven beveled edges,which lead to higher number of incidences of ＂marking problem＂ during production.展开更多
Laser marking is a laser processing technology used in many fields of industry like automotive [1], aerospace [2], microelectronic [3] and medecine [4]. CO2 laser is an appropriate source for marking glasses [5]. Comp...Laser marking is a laser processing technology used in many fields of industry like automotive [1], aerospace [2], microelectronic [3] and medecine [4]. CO2 laser is an appropriate source for marking glasses [5]. Compared to the other techniques of marking, the principal advantages of the use of the laser are: made inalterable, high degree of accuracy and the smoothness of the features, the possibility of marking at difficult to reach places, and the fact of being able to mark fragile materials like ceramic and glass [6]. In this experimental work, the influence of marking parameters like interaction time laser-glass, laser power, shooting time etc. on the micromarking precision are reported. A “melt” depth prediction model has been established.展开更多
In this paper, the relationship model between the oil volume and the vertically tilting parameter (α), the horizontally tilting parameter (β) and the displayed height of oil (h*) is first constructed with the tilted...In this paper, the relationship model between the oil volume and the vertically tilting parameter (α), the horizontally tilting parameter (β) and the displayed height of oil (h*) is first constructed with the tilted oil tank. Then, based on the data of the oil output volume at different time of day, an optimization model of oil-volume marking with tilted oil tank is established. Finally, parameters α = 2.2° and β = 3.05° are estimated by using nonlinear least squares method and the marking number of the tank-volume meter is given.展开更多
For an effective thermoplastic pavement marking replacement strategy, the rate at which the marking’s retro-reflectivity deteriorates in service must be well established in order to avoid re-stripping that is too soo...For an effective thermoplastic pavement marking replacement strategy, the rate at which the marking’s retro-reflectivity deteriorates in service must be well established in order to avoid re-stripping that is too soon or too late. Against this background, this paper undertook a review of models that deal with degradation of thermoplastic pavement markings under different traffic and environmental conditions in order to establish service life and the terminal retro-reflectivity levels that have informed re-striping. Service life in the context of this paper is the time taken for a newly-installed marking to degrade to some minimum retro-reflectivity level below which motorists would find it difficult to navigate on the carriageway under night-time and poor visibility conditions. It was established that the minimum retro-reflectivity requiring re-stripping intervention reported varied, although commonly-adopted values tended to range from 50 mcd/m2/lx to 150 mcd/m2/lx. A number of empirical models, based on site specific conditions, have been developed by researchers using field data, to estimate marking retro-reflectivity at any time since placement. Whereas some of the models used time as the only independent variable, others used a combination of time, traffic level and a few other parameters to estimate retro-reflectivity. Even though degradation of marking retro-reflectivity is a reflection, among other things of material degeneration impacted by environmental and service conditions, almost all the models reviewed failed to consider environmental factors. Additionally, for some of the models, non-inclusion of the initial retro-reflectivity level and their generally low coefficient of determination statistic erode the confidence in their reliability.展开更多
Conspicuous coloration in animals serves many functions such as anti-predation.Anti-predation strategies include motion dazzle and flash behavior.Motion dazzle markings can reduce the probability of being preyed on be...Conspicuous coloration in animals serves many functions such as anti-predation.Anti-predation strategies include motion dazzle and flash behavior.Motion dazzle markings can reduce the probability of being preyed on because the predators misjudge their movement.In flash behavior,prey demonstrate conspicuous cue while fleeing;the predators follow them;however,the prey hide their markings and the predators assume that the prey has vanished.To investigate whether bovids use conspicuous hindquarter markings as an anti-predatory behavior,we undertook phylogenetically controlled analyses to explore under what physiological characteristics and environmental factors bovids might have this color pattern.The results suggested that rump patches and tail markings were more prevalent in bovids living in larger-sized groups,which supports the hypothesis of intraspecific communication.Moreover,we observed the occurrence of conspicuous white hindquarter markings in bovids having smaller body size and living in larger groups,suggesting a motion dazzle function.However,the feature of facultative exposing color patterns(flash markings)was not associated with body size,which was inconsistent with predictions and implied that bovids may not adopt this as an anti-predator strategy.It was concluded that species in bovids with conspicuous white hindquarter markings adopt motion dazzle as an anti-predation strategy while fleeing and escaping from being prey on.展开更多
The autonomous vehicles are the future of mobility across the globe and are expected to touch the lives of every person of all ages. But this comes with certain challenges regarding safety, reliability, cost, legal fr...The autonomous vehicles are the future of mobility across the globe and are expected to touch the lives of every person of all ages. But this comes with certain challenges regarding safety, reliability, cost, legal framework, regulations, etc. however, of all the concern safety and reliability are of utmost importance for researchers and engineers. The current research is focused on the movement of the autonomous vehicle in the work zone. The work zone is one of the most challenging areas for the autonomous vehicle to drive from. This is because the work zones are very dynamic, and all the construction activities are specific to the site condition and cannot always be predefined. The study provides a concept of how pavement marking can be used for smooth <span style="font-family:Verdana;">movement through the complicated work zone. In this study, various pav</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ement marking signs have been designed as a concept considering the standard colors and striping width being used in the Manual of Uniform Traffic control device (MUTCD). The study assumes that the movement of the autonomous vehicle will not be exclusive and that it will move with the driver driven vehicle. It is expected that autonomous vehicles will require special pavement marking and signage for smooth movement through the work zone. These pavement marking and signage will eventually become part of standard Traffic Control Plans (TCP) and Maintenance of Traffic Plans (MOT). The research aims to study the current research being done in this area and technology being used for detecting various pavement markings and signages.</span>展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022 YFF 0608203)the Graduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Projects in Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX 22-0706)。
文摘Hatchery release is a common and effective practice for protecting and restoring wild resources,and the success of the practice is commonly assessed using mark-recapture technology.We investigated the use of different dimensional X-ray imaging techniques for the strontium(Sr)marking of fish fin rays for stocking.Megalobrama amblycephala juveniles were marked by culturing specimens in 800-mg/L SrCl_(2)·6 H_(2)O solution,the cross-sections of dorsal fin rays were subsequently obtained,and the concentrations Sr was analyzed by 2 D imaging using an electron probe X-ray microanalyzer.Our preliminary findings indicate that the immersion marking method is effective for the Sr marking of fin rays in experimental fish.Moreover,we generated a bird’s-eye-view 3 D mesh image of the Sr concentrations,which can provide a more comprehensive information for fish stocking than that using normal 2 D imaging.
文摘AIM:To compare the accuracy of manual marking versus an image-guided system for toric implantable collamer lens(TICL)implantation and evaluate the short-term postoperative rotational stability of TICL and corneal surgically induced astigmatism vector(SIA).METHODS:Retrospective analysis was conducted on eyes with TICL alignment achieved through manual marking(n=75)or VERION image-guided system-assisted marking(n=83).Each group was further classified into horizontal and vertical subgroups based on implant orientation.Additionally,patients were categorized into superior and temporal incision subgroups according to the position of main corneal incision.The misalignment and rotational stability of TICL were analyzed using slit-lamp anterior segment photography.Surgical predictability,efficacy,safety,and corneal SIA were also evaluated.RESULTS:In general,the TICL implantation with manual and digital image-guided systems all achieved robust predictability,efficacy,and safety.The misalignment of TICL was comparable between the manual and VERION groups(0.16°±3.97°vs 0.52°±5.59°,P=0.633),while a significant difference was observed in the absolute misalignment of TICL between the two groups(3.02°±2.55°vs 4.28°±3.61°,P=0.043).There were no significant differences in the distribution of TICL misalignment between the manual and VERION groups or between horizontal and vertical implant orientation groups(P>0.05).Furthermore,different orientations of TICL placement did not show statistically significant differences in rotational stability(P=0.46).Statistically significant differences were found in anterior corneal SIA between the manual and VERION groups(0.46±0.27 vs 0.33±0.21 D,P=0.001),especially for superior incision position(0.60±0.27 vs 0.35±0.23 D,P<0.0001).The anterior SIA exhibited a significant difference between superior and temporal incisions in the manual group(0.60±0.27 vs 0.35±0.20 D,P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:Compared with the conventional manual marking method,this study indicates that the digital image-guided system with VERION is safe and effective in TICL implantation.The digital system offers the advantage of minimizing corneal SIA compared to the manual method.
基金The Humanities and Social Sciences Project granted from the Ministry of Education in China(No.10YJA740061,11YJA740121)the Teaching Reform Key Project under Educational Section of Jiangsu Province(No.2011JSJG453)+3 种基金Southeast University Teaching Reform Project for Graduates(No.2010-54)Southeast University Teaching Reform Project for Post-Graduates(No.KJGKT12-06)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2008354)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.6550181821,60975017)
文摘This paper discusses the approach to the CET （college English test） oral test based on automatic essay marking （AEM）. The reliability and validity arouses a dispute on Internet-based CET （iB-CET） oral test in China, leading to the penetration into oral test contents in dialogue, description or comment, and question answering. Then, a probe into transformation from a spoken document into a textual document is touched on a conversion ratio of 72% adopted at the present time, AEM to be carried forward being a necessary hypothesis for Afterwards, this paper focuses on the pipeline in AEM with the content features and the language itself, which is established in two different models in marking for extraction and detection. Through experiments, this paper reveals the fact that an iB-CET oral test can be performed perfectly in the pipeline of spoken documents transformed into textual documents which can be automatically marked. Hence the design of the iB-CET oral test reaches its reliability and validity.
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51575276)
文摘Marking arbitrary three-dimensional(3D) target curves on given objects with curved surface is required in many industrial fields, such as fabric prepreg placement in composite material part fabrication, product assembly, surface painting for decoration, etc. A shortcut to the solution of this intractable problem is proposed by utilizing a galvanometric laser scanner(GLS) with the aid of a camera. Without using the existing tedious GLS calibration procedures,the proposed method directly establishes a mapping between the 3D coordinates of the laser spots on the object surface and the control voltages of the scanner. A single-hidden layer feedforward neural network(SLFN) is employed to model the mapping. By projecting a dense grid of laser spots on the object to be marked and simultaneously taking only one image, the SLFN model is trained in minutes via a linear solving mechanism. Experiments demonstrate that the trained SLFN model has a good generalization performance for marking 3D target curves. The 3D laser marking errors on experimental objects are less than 0.5 mm. The proposed method is especially suitable for on-site use and can be conveniently extended to multiple GLSs for marking large complex objects.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31601870 and 51435008)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. SBK20160800 to Zhouyi WANG)Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Bionic Functional Materials
文摘Animals have evolved a variety of behavior patterns to adapt to the environment. Motion-capture technology is utilized to quantify and characterize locomotor behaviors to reveal the mechanisms of animal motion. In the capture of flexible, small animals with complex locomotor behaviors, the markers interfere with each other easily, and the motion forms(bending, twisting) of the moving parts are obviously different;thus, it is a great challenge to realize accurate quantitative characterization of complex locomotor behaviors. The correlation between the marker properties, including the size and space length, and the precision of the system are revealed in this paper, and the effects of diverse marker shapes on the capturing accuracy of the captured objects in different motion forms were tested. Results showed that the precision of system is significantly improved when the ratio of the space length to the diameter of the markers is larger than four;for the capture of the spatial twisting motion of the flexible object, the hexagon markers had the lowest spatial lost-marker rate relative to the circle, triangle, and square. Customized markers were used to capture the locomotor behavior of the gecko-inspired robot(rigid connection) and the gecko(flexible connection). The results showed that this marking technology can achieve high accuracy of motion capture for geckos(the average deviation was approximately 0.32 mm, and the average deviation’s variation rate was approximately 0.96%). In this paper, the marking technology for the motion capture of flexible, small animals with complex motion is proposed;it can effectively improve the system precision as well as the capture accuracy, and realize the quantitative characterization of the complex motion of flexible, small objects. It provides a reliable technical means to deeply study the evolution of the motion function of small animals and advance systematic research of motion-capture technology.
基金Supported by the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China under Grant No. 2009CB320504the National High Technology Development 863 Program of China under Grant No.2007AA01Z206 and No.2009AA01Z210the EU FP7 Project EFIPSANS (INFSO-ICT-215549)
文摘Autonomic networking is one of the hot research topics in the research area of future network architectures.In this paper, we introduce context-aware and autonomic attributes into DiffServ QoS framework, and propose a novel autonomic packet marking(APM) algorithm.In the proposed autonomic QoS framework, APM is capable of collecting various QoS related contexts, and adaptively adjusting its behavior to provide better QoS guarantee according to users' requirements and network conditions.Simulation results show that APM provides better performance than traditional packet marker, and significantly improves user's quality of experience.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51875425)。
文摘To improve the weak corrosion resistance of silicon steel to acid solution and alkaline solution with high temperature,a stable hierarchical micro/nanostructure superhydrophobic surface with myriad irregular micro-scale hump and sheet-like nanostructure was successfully prepared on silicon steel by a simple,efficient and facile operation in large-area laser marking treatment.The morphology,composition,wettability of the as-prepared surface were studied.The superhydrophobic performance of the surface was investigated as well.Additionally,the corrosion resistance of the superhydrophobic surface to acidic solutions at room temperature and alkaline solutions at high temperature (80 ℃) was carefully explored.The corrosion resistance mechanism was clarified.Moreover,considering the practical application of the surface in the future,the hardness of the hierarchical micro/nanostructure superhydrophobic surface was studied.The experimental results indicate that the hierarchical micro/nanostructure surface with texture spacing of 100 μm treated at laser scanning speed of 100 mms/ presents superior superhydrophobicity after decreasing surface energy.The contact angle can be as high as 156.6°.Additionally,the superhydrophobic surface provide superior and stable anticorrosive protection for silicon steel in various corrosive environments.More importantly,the prepared structure of the surface shows high hardness,which ensures that the surface of the superhydrophobic surface cannot be destroyed easily.The surface is able to maintain great superhydrophobic performance when it suffers from slight impacting and abrasion.
基金This work was supported by the Industry Core Technology Development Project,20005062Development of Artificial Intelligence Robot Autonomous Navigation Technology for Agile Movement in Crowded Space,funded by the Ministry of Trade,industry&Energy(MOTIE,Republic of Korea).
文摘The essential requirement for precise localization of a self-driving car is a lane-level map which includes road markings(RMs).Obviously,we can build the lane-level map by running a mobile mapping system(MMS)which is equipped with a high-end 3D LiDAR and a number of high-cost sensors.This approach,however,is highly expensive and ineffective since a single high-end MMS must visit every place for mapping.In this paper,a lane-level RM mapping system using a monocular camera is developed.The developed system can be considered as an alternative to expensive high-end MMS.The developed RM map includes the information of road lanes(RLs)and symbolic road markings(SRMs).First,to build a lane-level RM map,the RMs are segmented at pixel level through the deep learning network.The network is named RMNet.The segmented RMs are then gathered to build a lane-level RM map.Second,the lane-level map is improved through loop-closure detection and graph optimization.To train the RMNet and build a lane-level RM map,a new dataset named SeRM set is developed.The set is a large dataset for lane-level RM mapping and it includes a total of 25157 pixel-wise annotated images and 21000 position labeled images.Finally,the proposed lane-level map building method is applied to SeRM set and its validity is demonstrated through experimentation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1764264 and 61873165)the Shanghai Automotive Industry Science and Technology Development Foundation(No.1807)。
文摘Road marking detection is an important branch in autonomous driving,understanding the road information.In recent years,deep-learning-based semantic segmentation methods for road marking detection have been arising since they can generalize detection result well under complicated environments and hold rich pixel-level semantic information.Nevertheless,the previous methods mostly study the training process of the segmentation network,while omitting the time cost of manually annotating pixel-level data.Besides,the pixel-level semantic segmentation results need to be fitted into more reliable and compact models so that geometrical information of road markings can be explicitly obtained.In order to tackle the above problems,this paper describes a semantic segmentation-based road marking detection method using around view monitoring system.A semiautomatic semantic annotation platform is developed,which exploits an auxiliary segmentation graph to speed up the annotation process while guaranteeing the annotation accuracy.A segmentation-based detection module is also described,which models the semantic segmentation results for the more robust and compact analysis.The proposed detection module is composed of three parts:vote-based segmentation fusion filtering,graph-based road marking clustering,and road-marking fitting.Experiments under various scenarios show that the semantic segmentation-based detection method can achieve accurate,robust,and real-time detection performance.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China under contract No.YQ2019C034the Special Financial Funds of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs under contract No.2130135。
文摘In order to assess the effect of enhancement release of chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta),otolith strontium(Sr)marking method was used to tag chum salmon released in Tangwang River in 2016.The homing chum salmon were detected and the samples were collected in Tangwang River,Ussuri River and Suifen River in the autumn of2018.The samples were analyzed by examining Sr and calcium(Ca)fingerprints in the otolith using electron probe microanalysis.The results suggested that two samples collected in Tangwang River had the marking ring near the core of otolith where the Sr concentration and Sr/Ca ratio were significantly higher than comparative samples.Proving that the two fish belonged to the released population in Tangwang River in 2016.This article indicated the success of the enhancement release of chum salmon from the Tangwang River for the first time and also confirmed the validity of Sr marking in enhancement release of fishes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61271316)National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2010CB731403)Opening Project of State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University(sklms2012005)
文摘This paper presents a dynamic probabilistic marking algorithm with multiple routing address tags, which allows the vic- tim to traceback the origin of ICMP （Internet Control Message Pro- tocol）-based direct and reflective DoS attacks. The proposed ap- proach makes full use of scalable data space of ICMP packet to achieve multiple information tags. The difference between this pro- posal and previous proposals lies in two points. First, the number of packets needed by the victim to reconstruct the attack path is greatly reduced because of three key mechanisms： multi-tag, uniform left- over probability, and tag location choice based on the module of accommodated tag numbers within a packet. Second, the true origin of both direct and reflective ICMP-based DoS attacks can be traced.
文摘This paper describes a novel algorithm for fragile watermarking of 3D models. Fragile watermarking requires detection of even minute intentional changes to the 3D model along with the location of the change. This poses a challenge since inserting random amount of watermark in all the vertices of the model would generally introduce perceptible distortion. The proposed algorithm overcomes this challenge by using genetic algorithm to modify every vertex location in the model so that there is no perceptible distortion. Various experimental results are used to justify the choice of the genetic algorithm design parameters. Experimental results also indicate that the proposed algorithm can accurately detect location of any mesh modification.
文摘This study explores the reasons underlying the frequent appearance of ＂marking problem＂ during the production of double-walled copper-brazed steel tubes. To this end, we compared two types of copper-coated steel strips, of which one has almost no problem during production, whereas the other has higher number of incidences of ＂marking problem＂. We analyzed the chemical composition,mechanical properties,the cross-sectional metallographs, and surface quality of the trimmed edge in both types of specimen. After the roll forming process, the bonding condition between the steel layers of the tubes before and after brazing process has also been examined. Results indicate that the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the two kinds of strips are similar; however, the edge quality of the trimmed strips is significantly different. It is believed that the irregular shape of the edge portions in the strips will be more pronounced during the bevel treatment. Consequently, smooth and tight seams cannot be guaranteed by such uneven beveled edges,which lead to higher number of incidences of ＂marking problem＂ during production.
文摘Laser marking is a laser processing technology used in many fields of industry like automotive [1], aerospace [2], microelectronic [3] and medecine [4]. CO2 laser is an appropriate source for marking glasses [5]. Compared to the other techniques of marking, the principal advantages of the use of the laser are: made inalterable, high degree of accuracy and the smoothness of the features, the possibility of marking at difficult to reach places, and the fact of being able to mark fragile materials like ceramic and glass [6]. In this experimental work, the influence of marking parameters like interaction time laser-glass, laser power, shooting time etc. on the micromarking precision are reported. A “melt” depth prediction model has been established.
文摘In this paper, the relationship model between the oil volume and the vertically tilting parameter (α), the horizontally tilting parameter (β) and the displayed height of oil (h*) is first constructed with the tilted oil tank. Then, based on the data of the oil output volume at different time of day, an optimization model of oil-volume marking with tilted oil tank is established. Finally, parameters α = 2.2° and β = 3.05° are estimated by using nonlinear least squares method and the marking number of the tank-volume meter is given.
文摘For an effective thermoplastic pavement marking replacement strategy, the rate at which the marking’s retro-reflectivity deteriorates in service must be well established in order to avoid re-stripping that is too soon or too late. Against this background, this paper undertook a review of models that deal with degradation of thermoplastic pavement markings under different traffic and environmental conditions in order to establish service life and the terminal retro-reflectivity levels that have informed re-striping. Service life in the context of this paper is the time taken for a newly-installed marking to degrade to some minimum retro-reflectivity level below which motorists would find it difficult to navigate on the carriageway under night-time and poor visibility conditions. It was established that the minimum retro-reflectivity requiring re-stripping intervention reported varied, although commonly-adopted values tended to range from 50 mcd/m2/lx to 150 mcd/m2/lx. A number of empirical models, based on site specific conditions, have been developed by researchers using field data, to estimate marking retro-reflectivity at any time since placement. Whereas some of the models used time as the only independent variable, others used a combination of time, traffic level and a few other parameters to estimate retro-reflectivity. Even though degradation of marking retro-reflectivity is a reflection, among other things of material degeneration impacted by environmental and service conditions, almost all the models reviewed failed to consider environmental factors. Additionally, for some of the models, non-inclusion of the initial retro-reflectivity level and their generally low coefficient of determination statistic erode the confidence in their reliability.
基金This study received support from the Tibet Major Science and Technology Project(XZ201901-GA-06).
文摘Conspicuous coloration in animals serves many functions such as anti-predation.Anti-predation strategies include motion dazzle and flash behavior.Motion dazzle markings can reduce the probability of being preyed on because the predators misjudge their movement.In flash behavior,prey demonstrate conspicuous cue while fleeing;the predators follow them;however,the prey hide their markings and the predators assume that the prey has vanished.To investigate whether bovids use conspicuous hindquarter markings as an anti-predatory behavior,we undertook phylogenetically controlled analyses to explore under what physiological characteristics and environmental factors bovids might have this color pattern.The results suggested that rump patches and tail markings were more prevalent in bovids living in larger-sized groups,which supports the hypothesis of intraspecific communication.Moreover,we observed the occurrence of conspicuous white hindquarter markings in bovids having smaller body size and living in larger groups,suggesting a motion dazzle function.However,the feature of facultative exposing color patterns(flash markings)was not associated with body size,which was inconsistent with predictions and implied that bovids may not adopt this as an anti-predator strategy.It was concluded that species in bovids with conspicuous white hindquarter markings adopt motion dazzle as an anti-predation strategy while fleeing and escaping from being prey on.
文摘The autonomous vehicles are the future of mobility across the globe and are expected to touch the lives of every person of all ages. But this comes with certain challenges regarding safety, reliability, cost, legal framework, regulations, etc. however, of all the concern safety and reliability are of utmost importance for researchers and engineers. The current research is focused on the movement of the autonomous vehicle in the work zone. The work zone is one of the most challenging areas for the autonomous vehicle to drive from. This is because the work zones are very dynamic, and all the construction activities are specific to the site condition and cannot always be predefined. The study provides a concept of how pavement marking can be used for smooth <span style="font-family:Verdana;">movement through the complicated work zone. In this study, various pav</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ement marking signs have been designed as a concept considering the standard colors and striping width being used in the Manual of Uniform Traffic control device (MUTCD). The study assumes that the movement of the autonomous vehicle will not be exclusive and that it will move with the driver driven vehicle. It is expected that autonomous vehicles will require special pavement marking and signage for smooth movement through the work zone. These pavement marking and signage will eventually become part of standard Traffic Control Plans (TCP) and Maintenance of Traffic Plans (MOT). The research aims to study the current research being done in this area and technology being used for detecting various pavement markings and signages.</span>
