BACKGROUND Psoriasis is often first recognized by patients through online image searches.However,search engine algorithms influenced by geographic location may still produce results that predominantly feature lighter ...BACKGROUND Psoriasis is often first recognized by patients through online image searches.However,search engine algorithms influenced by geographic location may still produce results that predominantly feature lighter skin tones,regardless of the region’s majority skin type.This underrepresentation may limit recognition and delay care for people of color.AIM To examine whether search algorithms tailor region-specific results in terms of skin color for psoriasis imagery.METHODS This observational study recruited 66 participants from 18 countries who conducted image searches for“psoriasis”across various web browsers.During the meeting,a Google form was posted to record observations,and participants reported the diversity of skin tones in the first three rows of search results using a reference image depicting Fitzpatrick types.RESULTS Results showed a global bias toward lighter skin tones,with 94%of participants identifying light skin predominance in the first row and minimal representation of medium or darker skin tones in subsequent results,verified via χ^(2) analysis.Participants who observed darker or mixed skin tones typically found them further down their results.CONCLUSION There remains a significant gap in global representation of psoriasis imagery.This paper deepens the current understanding of bias in online media and pushes for further exploration of more inclusive dermatologic imagery.展开更多
This study explores the intricate symbiotic relationship between the Cantonese tonal system and Cantonese opera through an interdisciplinary lens of linguistics and musicology.Cantonese,with its complex tonal architec...This study explores the intricate symbiotic relationship between the Cantonese tonal system and Cantonese opera through an interdisciplinary lens of linguistics and musicology.Cantonese,with its complex tonal architecture and unique phonetic characteristics,serves not only as a communicative medium but as a structural blueprint for the melodic and rhythmic composition of Cantonese opera.Through historical tracing,phonological analysis,and performative interpretation,the paper examines how tonal contours directly shape vocal techniques,emotional expression,and narrative cadence within the opera tradition.The research further investigates how socio-cultural factors—ranging from regional identity,migration,and colonial modernity to contemporary digital transmission—have mediated the evolution and resilience of this art form.By demonstrating how linguistic tone and musical tune co-construct aesthetic experience and cultural memory,the paper offers a new theoretical model for understanding language-music co-evolution in tonal cultures.This inquiry not only affirms Cantonese opera’s role as a living archive of regional identity but also proposes strategies for its revitalization amidst the shifting conditions of modernity and globalization.展开更多
Background:The use of skincare cosmetics can enhance human skin integrity,appearance,and conditions.However,consumers nowadays are quite concerned about the efficacy of skincare cosmetics,particularly those with antio...Background:The use of skincare cosmetics can enhance human skin integrity,appearance,and conditions.However,consumers nowadays are quite concerned about the efficacy of skincare cosmetics,particularly those with antioxidant properties that can improve skin tone and skin health.Previous studies also reported that volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in skincare cosmetics could have beneficial effects on human skin.Objective:This research aims to evaluate the antioxidant properties of CHARMS^(TM)skincare cosmetics as well as to investigate the presence of VOCs that could influence their skin tone improvement properties.Material and methods:The CHARMS^(TM)products used were cleanser,toner,essence,serum,moisturizer,scrub,and night cream.The skin tone improvement was assessed on 20 female volunteers’facial skin by using a colorimeter.The antioxidant properties were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging assay,total phenolic content(TPC),and total flavonoid content(TFC).Meanwhile,the VOCs were measured using an electronic nose based on gas chromatography(e-nose-GC).Results:The findings show that skin tone was improved significantly by 3.23%in which the skin becomes lighter while skin redness was reduced by 5.75%after using the CHARMS^(TM)skincare cosmetics.The results also show that the cleanser(21.55±0.23%)and the serum(23.60±0.19%)had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity.Contrarily,the moisturizer exhibited the highest TPC value(324.14±17.47 mg GAE/g),and the cleanser had the highest TFC value(24.68±1.57 mg QE/g).The VOCs detected in these skincare cosmetics such as limonene andγ-terpinene may have skin-lightening effects.Conclusion:It can be concluded that the tested products from CHARMS^(TM)skincare cosmetics comply with the standard regulations and guidelines for Control of Cosmetic Products in Malaysia and can be used effectively as a daily skincare routine.展开更多
目的探究老年人自我报告听力损失与纯音听阈测试结果之间的一致性,并分析可能导致评估结果不一致的相关影响因素。方法对中国老年听力与认知健康队列研究(Chinese Hearing Solution for Improvement of Cognition in Elders Cohort,CHOI...目的探究老年人自我报告听力损失与纯音听阈测试结果之间的一致性,并分析可能导致评估结果不一致的相关影响因素。方法对中国老年听力与认知健康队列研究(Chinese Hearing Solution for Improvement of Cognition in Elders Cohort,CHOICE-Cohort)在2021年5月至2024年9月间招募的23930例参与者进行研究,通过调查问卷收集其健康状况信息,并通过自我报告听力状况及纯音听阈测试评估其听力状况,分析两种结果的一致性。结果23930例中,12336例(51.6%,12336/23930)自我报告存在听力损失。17837例(74.5%,17837/23930)较好耳纯音听阈(better-ear pure tone average,BPTA)≥20 dB HL,其中,7284例(40.8%,7284/17837)仍自我报告听力正常。若以BPTA≥20 dB HL为听力损失界定阈值,自我报告听力损失的灵敏度为59.2%(95%CI:58.4%~59.9%),特异度为70.7%(95%CI:69.6%~71.9%);以BPTA≥35 dB HL为阈值时,分别为80.5%(95%CI:79.5%~81.5%)和58.5%(95%CI:57.8%~59.3%)。多因素逻辑回归分析结果显示,与自我报告听力损失不准确的相关因素包括:男性、年龄超过70岁、较低的教育水平、耳鸣及认知能力下降。结论自我报告听力状况准确性可能受性别(男性)、年龄(超过70岁)、教育水平、耳鸣以及认知功能下降等因素的影响,从而导致自我报告结果不准确。展开更多
This paper presents a method to characterize asphalt pavement macrotexture using the gray-tone difference matrix （GTDM）and discusses the potentials of the GTDM indicators for skid resistance evaluation.There are 37 ...This paper presents a method to characterize asphalt pavement macrotexture using the gray-tone difference matrix （GTDM）and discusses the potentials of the GTDM indicators for skid resistance evaluation.There are 37 field sites included in the data collection,which cover 6 types of asphalt pavement surfaces. The mean profile depth derived from 3-D macrotexture measurements （MPD3 ） has a significant relationship with the mean texture depth （MTD ）,which can be described by a logarithm model with R2 of 0.962.There is no significant linear relationship between the friction coefficient at a speed of 60 km/h （DFT60 ）and macrotexture indicators.A nonlinear model with British pendulum number （BPN ） incorporated can relate DFT60 to MTD or indicator fcon .A comparison with MTD shows that GTDM-based fcon has a potential to be a macrotexture indicator for skid resistance evaluation,which describes the general height difference and the average local height difference of pavement macrotexture. A relatively high fcon is helpful for improving asphalt pavement skid resistance.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Psoriasis is often first recognized by patients through online image searches.However,search engine algorithms influenced by geographic location may still produce results that predominantly feature lighter skin tones,regardless of the region’s majority skin type.This underrepresentation may limit recognition and delay care for people of color.AIM To examine whether search algorithms tailor region-specific results in terms of skin color for psoriasis imagery.METHODS This observational study recruited 66 participants from 18 countries who conducted image searches for“psoriasis”across various web browsers.During the meeting,a Google form was posted to record observations,and participants reported the diversity of skin tones in the first three rows of search results using a reference image depicting Fitzpatrick types.RESULTS Results showed a global bias toward lighter skin tones,with 94%of participants identifying light skin predominance in the first row and minimal representation of medium or darker skin tones in subsequent results,verified via χ^(2) analysis.Participants who observed darker or mixed skin tones typically found them further down their results.CONCLUSION There remains a significant gap in global representation of psoriasis imagery.This paper deepens the current understanding of bias in online media and pushes for further exploration of more inclusive dermatologic imagery.
文摘This study explores the intricate symbiotic relationship between the Cantonese tonal system and Cantonese opera through an interdisciplinary lens of linguistics and musicology.Cantonese,with its complex tonal architecture and unique phonetic characteristics,serves not only as a communicative medium but as a structural blueprint for the melodic and rhythmic composition of Cantonese opera.Through historical tracing,phonological analysis,and performative interpretation,the paper examines how tonal contours directly shape vocal techniques,emotional expression,and narrative cadence within the opera tradition.The research further investigates how socio-cultural factors—ranging from regional identity,migration,and colonial modernity to contemporary digital transmission—have mediated the evolution and resilience of this art form.By demonstrating how linguistic tone and musical tune co-construct aesthetic experience and cultural memory,the paper offers a new theoretical model for understanding language-music co-evolution in tonal cultures.This inquiry not only affirms Cantonese opera’s role as a living archive of regional identity but also proposes strategies for its revitalization amidst the shifting conditions of modernity and globalization.
基金funded by Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(UTHM)under Industrial Grant,M066 together with Matching Grant,Q003.
文摘Background:The use of skincare cosmetics can enhance human skin integrity,appearance,and conditions.However,consumers nowadays are quite concerned about the efficacy of skincare cosmetics,particularly those with antioxidant properties that can improve skin tone and skin health.Previous studies also reported that volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in skincare cosmetics could have beneficial effects on human skin.Objective:This research aims to evaluate the antioxidant properties of CHARMS^(TM)skincare cosmetics as well as to investigate the presence of VOCs that could influence their skin tone improvement properties.Material and methods:The CHARMS^(TM)products used were cleanser,toner,essence,serum,moisturizer,scrub,and night cream.The skin tone improvement was assessed on 20 female volunteers’facial skin by using a colorimeter.The antioxidant properties were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging assay,total phenolic content(TPC),and total flavonoid content(TFC).Meanwhile,the VOCs were measured using an electronic nose based on gas chromatography(e-nose-GC).Results:The findings show that skin tone was improved significantly by 3.23%in which the skin becomes lighter while skin redness was reduced by 5.75%after using the CHARMS^(TM)skincare cosmetics.The results also show that the cleanser(21.55±0.23%)and the serum(23.60±0.19%)had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity.Contrarily,the moisturizer exhibited the highest TPC value(324.14±17.47 mg GAE/g),and the cleanser had the highest TFC value(24.68±1.57 mg QE/g).The VOCs detected in these skincare cosmetics such as limonene andγ-terpinene may have skin-lightening effects.Conclusion:It can be concluded that the tested products from CHARMS^(TM)skincare cosmetics comply with the standard regulations and guidelines for Control of Cosmetic Products in Malaysia and can be used effectively as a daily skincare routine.
文摘目的探究老年人自我报告听力损失与纯音听阈测试结果之间的一致性,并分析可能导致评估结果不一致的相关影响因素。方法对中国老年听力与认知健康队列研究(Chinese Hearing Solution for Improvement of Cognition in Elders Cohort,CHOICE-Cohort)在2021年5月至2024年9月间招募的23930例参与者进行研究,通过调查问卷收集其健康状况信息,并通过自我报告听力状况及纯音听阈测试评估其听力状况,分析两种结果的一致性。结果23930例中,12336例(51.6%,12336/23930)自我报告存在听力损失。17837例(74.5%,17837/23930)较好耳纯音听阈(better-ear pure tone average,BPTA)≥20 dB HL,其中,7284例(40.8%,7284/17837)仍自我报告听力正常。若以BPTA≥20 dB HL为听力损失界定阈值,自我报告听力损失的灵敏度为59.2%(95%CI:58.4%~59.9%),特异度为70.7%(95%CI:69.6%~71.9%);以BPTA≥35 dB HL为阈值时,分别为80.5%(95%CI:79.5%~81.5%)和58.5%(95%CI:57.8%~59.3%)。多因素逻辑回归分析结果显示,与自我报告听力损失不准确的相关因素包括:男性、年龄超过70岁、较低的教育水平、耳鸣及认知能力下降。结论自我报告听力状况准确性可能受性别(男性)、年龄(超过70岁)、教育水平、耳鸣以及认知功能下降等因素的影响,从而导致自我报告结果不准确。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50908004,51178013)
文摘This paper presents a method to characterize asphalt pavement macrotexture using the gray-tone difference matrix （GTDM）and discusses the potentials of the GTDM indicators for skid resistance evaluation.There are 37 field sites included in the data collection,which cover 6 types of asphalt pavement surfaces. The mean profile depth derived from 3-D macrotexture measurements （MPD3 ） has a significant relationship with the mean texture depth （MTD ）,which can be described by a logarithm model with R2 of 0.962.There is no significant linear relationship between the friction coefficient at a speed of 60 km/h （DFT60 ）and macrotexture indicators.A nonlinear model with British pendulum number （BPN ） incorporated can relate DFT60 to MTD or indicator fcon .A comparison with MTD shows that GTDM-based fcon has a potential to be a macrotexture indicator for skid resistance evaluation,which describes the general height difference and the average local height difference of pavement macrotexture. A relatively high fcon is helpful for improving asphalt pavement skid resistance.
