We presented a clock synchronization method that contained a clock adjusting algorithm and a frequency compensated clock to achieve precise synchronization among distributed clocks based on IEEE 1588 protocol.Further,...We presented a clock synchronization method that contained a clock adjusting algorithm and a frequency compensated clock to achieve precise synchronization among distributed clocks based on IEEE 1588 protocol.Further,we presented its application on Ethernet and implementation of the frequency compensated clock in a field programmable gate array(FPGA) as experiments.The results indicate that this method can support sub-microsecond synchronization with inexpensive standard crystal oscillators.展开更多
Time synchronization systems that utilize the global navigation satellite systems(GNSS)are widely used in the monitoring,control,and protection of transmission networks.They ensure that phasor measurement units(PMUs)c...Time synchronization systems that utilize the global navigation satellite systems(GNSS)are widely used in the monitoring,control,and protection of transmission networks.They ensure that phasor measurement units(PMUs)can accurately monitor voltage phase angles,increase the accuracy of fault locators,enhance the capabilities of disturbance recorders,and allow differential feeder protection to use re-routable communication networks.However,concern about the reliability of GNSS receivers used in intelligent electronic devices(IEDs)have been reported;problems include mal-operations of differential protection,erroneous satellite timing/location messages,inappropriate installations,and blocking of satellite signals due to illegal use of GNSS jammers in vehicles.Utilities now require a timing system less dependent on the use of low cost GNSS receivers integrated into IEDs,but one that uses Grandmaster clocks,slave and transparent clocks,and an Ethernet communication network.The IEEE 1588-2008 synchronization protocol uses the Ethernet to disseminate a global time reference around a substation.A future substation will probably include duplicate 1588 grandmasters,each incorporating stable oscillators with GNSS and terrestrial receivers,in conjunction with a 1588 compliant Ethernet data network with slave and transparent clocks,and redundancy boxes for interfacing with IEDs.Although IEEE 1588 protocol is promising for future substation automation systems,its performance and impact has to be fully evaluated before it can be used in real substations.This paper describes how an IEEE 1588 time synchronization testbed is designed,constructed,and tested.Testing involves measuring the time offset when the Ethernet is heavily loaded with other traffic and the holdover capability of 1588 clocks.Additional delay introduced by IEEE 1588 traffic is also measured.As there is limited testing on GPS receivers within the power industry,this paper also uses the testbed to evaluate the steady state and transient behavior of GPS receivers.The results show a 1588 time synchronization system is accurate,secure,and ideally suited for protection and control applications,compared to a timing system merely based on GPS receivers.The information described in this paper should increase a utility’s confidence in applying IEEE 1588 timing in a real substation.展开更多
An IEEE 1588 based application scheme was proposed to achieve accurate time synchronization for a deep seafloor observatory network based on the communication topological structure of the Zhejiang University Experimen...An IEEE 1588 based application scheme was proposed to achieve accurate time synchronization for a deep seafloor observatory network based on the communication topological structure of the Zhejiang University Experimental and Research Observatory.The principles of the network time protocol(NTP)and precision time protocol(PTP)were analyzed.The framework for time synchronization of the shore station,undersea junction box layer,and submarine science instrument layer was designed.NTP and PTP network signals were decoded by a PTP master clock on a shore station that receives signals from the Global Positioning System and the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System as reference time sources.These signals were remotely transmitted by a subsea optical–electrical composite cable through an Ethernet passive optical network.Accurate time was determined by time synchronization devices in each layer.Synchronization monitoring experiments performed within a laboratory environment indicated that the proposed system is valid and has the potential to realize microsecond accuracy to satisfy the time synchronization requirements of a high-precision seafloor observatory network.展开更多
随着配电网对设备之间的同步性要求日益增高,IEEE1588精确时间协议(precision time protocol,PTP)以及网络时间协议(network time protocol,NTP)等定时协议要求对客户和服务器之间的通信路径延迟进行精确的测量,从而实现时间的精确同步...随着配电网对设备之间的同步性要求日益增高,IEEE1588精确时间协议(precision time protocol,PTP)以及网络时间协议(network time protocol,NTP)等定时协议要求对客户和服务器之间的通信路径延迟进行精确的测量,从而实现时间的精确同步。客户现场的精确时间估算是基于一种假设,即网络的物理传播时间的前向和后向时延是相等的,或者说它们之间的差异之前就已进行了相应的校准的。除了物理链路的延迟,通道上的交换/路由设备将引起定时分组排队时延。然而,该队列时延通常在前向和后向上一般并不同,因此引入了由排队引起的不对称(queue-induced asymmetry,QIA)算法作为解决主从时钟间时间误差不对称的方法。提出了一种易于应用于现有的网络设备中且不需要任何路径定时支持的基于QIA补偿的新算法,并基于OPNET仿真平台对该算法的路径时延和时间偏差进行了对比分析,充分证明了其优越性。展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei (No.2006ABA065)
文摘We presented a clock synchronization method that contained a clock adjusting algorithm and a frequency compensated clock to achieve precise synchronization among distributed clocks based on IEEE 1588 protocol.Further,we presented its application on Ethernet and implementation of the frequency compensated clock in a field programmable gate array(FPGA) as experiments.The results indicate that this method can support sub-microsecond synchronization with inexpensive standard crystal oscillators.
文摘Time synchronization systems that utilize the global navigation satellite systems(GNSS)are widely used in the monitoring,control,and protection of transmission networks.They ensure that phasor measurement units(PMUs)can accurately monitor voltage phase angles,increase the accuracy of fault locators,enhance the capabilities of disturbance recorders,and allow differential feeder protection to use re-routable communication networks.However,concern about the reliability of GNSS receivers used in intelligent electronic devices(IEDs)have been reported;problems include mal-operations of differential protection,erroneous satellite timing/location messages,inappropriate installations,and blocking of satellite signals due to illegal use of GNSS jammers in vehicles.Utilities now require a timing system less dependent on the use of low cost GNSS receivers integrated into IEDs,but one that uses Grandmaster clocks,slave and transparent clocks,and an Ethernet communication network.The IEEE 1588-2008 synchronization protocol uses the Ethernet to disseminate a global time reference around a substation.A future substation will probably include duplicate 1588 grandmasters,each incorporating stable oscillators with GNSS and terrestrial receivers,in conjunction with a 1588 compliant Ethernet data network with slave and transparent clocks,and redundancy boxes for interfacing with IEDs.Although IEEE 1588 protocol is promising for future substation automation systems,its performance and impact has to be fully evaluated before it can be used in real substations.This paper describes how an IEEE 1588 time synchronization testbed is designed,constructed,and tested.Testing involves measuring the time offset when the Ethernet is heavily loaded with other traffic and the holdover capability of 1588 clocks.Additional delay introduced by IEEE 1588 traffic is also measured.As there is limited testing on GPS receivers within the power industry,this paper also uses the testbed to evaluate the steady state and transient behavior of GPS receivers.The results show a 1588 time synchronization system is accurate,secure,and ideally suited for protection and control applications,compared to a timing system merely based on GPS receivers.The information described in this paper should increase a utility’s confidence in applying IEEE 1588 timing in a real substation.
基金Project supported by the National High-Tech R&D(863)Program ofChina(No.2012AA09A408)the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(No.51221004)
文摘An IEEE 1588 based application scheme was proposed to achieve accurate time synchronization for a deep seafloor observatory network based on the communication topological structure of the Zhejiang University Experimental and Research Observatory.The principles of the network time protocol(NTP)and precision time protocol(PTP)were analyzed.The framework for time synchronization of the shore station,undersea junction box layer,and submarine science instrument layer was designed.NTP and PTP network signals were decoded by a PTP master clock on a shore station that receives signals from the Global Positioning System and the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System as reference time sources.These signals were remotely transmitted by a subsea optical–electrical composite cable through an Ethernet passive optical network.Accurate time was determined by time synchronization devices in each layer.Synchronization monitoring experiments performed within a laboratory environment indicated that the proposed system is valid and has the potential to realize microsecond accuracy to satisfy the time synchronization requirements of a high-precision seafloor observatory network.
文摘随着配电网对设备之间的同步性要求日益增高,IEEE1588精确时间协议(precision time protocol,PTP)以及网络时间协议(network time protocol,NTP)等定时协议要求对客户和服务器之间的通信路径延迟进行精确的测量,从而实现时间的精确同步。客户现场的精确时间估算是基于一种假设,即网络的物理传播时间的前向和后向时延是相等的,或者说它们之间的差异之前就已进行了相应的校准的。除了物理链路的延迟,通道上的交换/路由设备将引起定时分组排队时延。然而,该队列时延通常在前向和后向上一般并不同,因此引入了由排队引起的不对称(queue-induced asymmetry,QIA)算法作为解决主从时钟间时间误差不对称的方法。提出了一种易于应用于现有的网络设备中且不需要任何路径定时支持的基于QIA补偿的新算法,并基于OPNET仿真平台对该算法的路径时延和时间偏差进行了对比分析,充分证明了其优越性。
