The Nd(III)extraction in flat renewal supported liquid membrane(FRSLM),with polyvinylidene fluoride membrane and renewal solution including HNO3 solution as the stripping solution and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid(D...The Nd(III)extraction in flat renewal supported liquid membrane(FRSLM),with polyvinylidene fluoride membrane and renewal solution including HNO3 solution as the stripping solution and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid(D2EHPA)dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution,was investigated.The effects of pH in the feed phase,volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution,concentra-tion of HNO3 solution and concentration of carrier in the renewal phase on extraction of Nd(III)were also studied,respectively.As a result,the optimum extraction conditions of Nd(III)were obtained when concentration of HNO3 solution was 4.00 mol/L,concentration of D2EHPA was 0.100 mol/L,and volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution was 1.00 in the renewal phase,and pH was 4.60 in the feed phase.When initial concentration of Nd(III)was 2.00×10-4 mol/L,the extraction percentage of Nd(III)was up to 92.9%in 75 min.展开更多
In the process of using high-pressure flat membranes to treat coal chemical wastewater,the effects of high-pressure flat membranes on the concentration of salt ions and the removal of pollutants were studied under the...In the process of using high-pressure flat membranes to treat coal chemical wastewater,the effects of high-pressure flat membranes on the concentration of salt ions and the removal of pollutants were studied under the conditions of different concentrations of influent TDS,COD and silicon dioxide.The results showed that when the concentration of influent TDS was 35 000-55 000 mg/L,the economic benefit of high-pressure flat membrane operation was the best,and the concentration ratio of high-pressure flat membranes was stable,varying from 3.3 to 3.6.As the concentration of influent organic matter ranged from 100 to 1 800 mg/L,the removal rate of organic matter ranged from 60% to 79%.In addition,the retention rate of high-pressure flat membranes to silicon dioxide was more than 90%.展开更多
In this study, poly(vinilydene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP) was used for preparation of hydrophobic membranes using non-solvent induced phase inversion(NIPS) technique. PVDF-HFP copolymer with concentrat...In this study, poly(vinilydene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP) was used for preparation of hydrophobic membranes using non-solvent induced phase inversion(NIPS) technique. PVDF-HFP copolymer with concentrations of 10 wt% and 12 wt% was prepared to investigate the effect of polymer concentration on pore structure,morphology, hydrophobicity and performance of prepared membranes. Besides, the use of two coagulation baths with the effects of parameters such as coagulant time, polymer type and concentration, and the amount of nonsolvent were studied. The performance of prepared membranes was evaluated based on the permeability and selectivity of oxygen and nitrogen from a gas mixture of nitrogen/oxygen under operating conditions of feed flow rate(1–5 L·min-1), inlet pressure to membrane module(0.1–0.5 MPa) and temperatures between 25 and 45 °C. The results showed that the use of two coagulation baths with different compositions of distillated water and isopropanol,coagulant time, polymer type and concentration, and the amount of non-solvent additive have the most effect on pore structure, morphology, thickness, roughness and crystallinity of fabricated membranes. Porosity ranges for the three fabricated membranes were determined, where the maximum porosity was 73.889% and the minimum value was 56.837%. Also, the maximum and minimum average thicknesses of membrane were 320.85 μm and115 μm. Besides, the values of 4.7504 × 10-7 mol· m-2· s-1· Pa-1, 0.525 and 902.126 nm were achieved for maximum oxygen permeance, O2/N2 selectivity and roughness, respectively.展开更多
Although PVDF flat sheet membranes have been widely tested in MD,their synthesis and modifications currently require increased use of green and inexpensive materials.In this study,flat sheet PVDF membranes were synthe...Although PVDF flat sheet membranes have been widely tested in MD,their synthesis and modifications currently require increased use of green and inexpensive materials.In this study,flat sheet PVDF membranes were synthesized using phase inversion and water as the pore former.Remarkably,the water added in the casting solution improved the membrane pore sizes;where the maximum pore size was 0.58μm.Also,the incorporation of f-SiO2NPs in the membrane matrix considerably enhanced the membrane hydrophobicity.Specifically,the membrane contact angles increased from 96°to 153°.Additionally,other parameters investigated were mechanical strength and liquid entry pressure(LEP).The maximum recorded values were 2.26 MPa and 239 kPa,respectively.The modified membranes(i.e.,using water as the pore former and f-SiO2NPs)were the most efficient,showing maximum salt rejection of 99.9%and water flux of 11.6 LMH;thus,indicating their capability to be used as efficient materials for the recovery of high purity water in MD.展开更多
This paper suggested a modified model of SLM which could improve its stability.In the model, an organic solution was sandwiched between two layers of supported film,which we called sandwich supported liquid membrane(S...This paper suggested a modified model of SLM which could improve its stability.In the model, an organic solution was sandwiched between two layers of supported film,which we called sandwich supported liquid membrane(SSLM).The transport experiments of La3+ were performed with SSLM containing HEH(EHP)as a carrier. The permeability coefficient (p) of La3+ were measured and some factors affecting the p were investigated. The results showed that if the pH of the feed was below 4.0,the p was increased with increasing in pH. The p was also increased when the strip acidity increases.Inspite of not enough satisfactory reproducibility on test result, the stability of the model was improved.展开更多
Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） effect and phosphor removal were investigated in a one-staged aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor on pilot-scale with mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） 19-...Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） effect and phosphor removal were investigated in a one-staged aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor on pilot-scale with mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） 19--20 g/L. The effects of DO concentration, sludge floc size distribution on SND were studied. Test results suggested that SND was successfully performed in the membrane bioreactor （MBR） and about 70% total nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved when DO concentration was set to 0.2-- 0.3 mg/L. The main mechanisms governing SND were the suitable sludge floc size and the low DO concentration which was caused by low oxygen transfer rate with such a high MLSS concentration in the MBR. In the meantime, phosphor removal was also studied with polymer ferric sulfate （PFS） addition and 14 mg/L dosage of PFS was proper for the MBR to remove phosphor. PFS addition also benefited the MBR operation owing to its reduction of extracellular polymer substances （EPS） of mixed liquor.展开更多
High performance polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） flat sheet ultrafiltration （UF） membranes have been prepared by an immersion precipitation phase inversion method using perfluorosulfonic acid （PFSA） as a pore for...High performance polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） flat sheet ultrafiltration （UF） membranes have been prepared by an immersion precipitation phase inversion method using perfluorosulfonic acid （PFSA） as a pore former and as a hydrophilic component of the membranes and polyethylene glycol （Mw = 400） （PEG400） as a pore forming agent. The effects of the presence of PEG and the concentration of the PFSA on the phase separation of the casting solutions and on the morphologies and performance of UF membranes including their porosity, water flux, rejection of bovine serum albumin （BSA） protein, and anti-fouling property were investigated. Phase diagrams, viscosities and the phase separations upon exposure to water vapor showed that both PEG400 and PFSA promoted demixing of the casting solution. Scanning electron microscopy measurements showed that the PVDF-PFSA blend membranes had more macropores and finger-like structures than the native PVDF membranes. The PVDF-PFSA membrane （5 wt-% PEG400 ＋ 5 wt-% PFSA） had a pure water flux of 141.7L/m2.h, a BSA rejection of 90.1% and a relative pure water flux reduction （RFR） of 15.28%. These properties were greatly superior to those of the native PVDF membrane （pure water flux of 5.6 L/m2. h, BSA rejection of 96.3% and RFR of 42.86%）.展开更多
The cross-flow shearing action produced from the inferior aeration in the Submerged Membrane Bio-reactor(SMBR) is an effective way to further improve anti-fouling effects of membrane modules.Based on the widely-applie...The cross-flow shearing action produced from the inferior aeration in the Submerged Membrane Bio-reactor(SMBR) is an effective way to further improve anti-fouling effects of membrane modules.Based on the widely-applied vertical structure of flat membrane modules,improvements are made that ladder-type flat membrane structure is designed with a certain inclined angle θ so that the cross-flow velocity of bubble near the membrane surface can be held,and the intensity and times of elastic colli-sion between bubbles and membrane surface can be increased.This can improve scouring action of membrane surface on aeration and reduce energy consumption of strong aeration in SMBR.By de-ducing and improving the mathematics model of collision between bubble and vertical flat put forward by Vries,the relatively suitable incline angle θ under certain aeration place and in certain size rang of bubble can be obtained with the computer iterative calculation technology.Finally,for many groups of ladder-type flat membrane in parallel placement in the practical application of SMBR,some sugges-tions are offered:the interval distance of membrane modules is 8―15 mm,and aeration should be op-erated at 5―7 mm among membrane modules,and the optimal design angle of trapeziform membrane is 1.7°―2.5°.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scientists(51109197)Foundation for Planning Project of West Action of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX2-XB2-13)Research Fund for Excellent Doctoral Thesis of Xi'an University of Technology(602-210805)
文摘The Nd(III)extraction in flat renewal supported liquid membrane(FRSLM),with polyvinylidene fluoride membrane and renewal solution including HNO3 solution as the stripping solution and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid(D2EHPA)dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution,was investigated.The effects of pH in the feed phase,volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution,concentra-tion of HNO3 solution and concentration of carrier in the renewal phase on extraction of Nd(III)were also studied,respectively.As a result,the optimum extraction conditions of Nd(III)were obtained when concentration of HNO3 solution was 4.00 mol/L,concentration of D2EHPA was 0.100 mol/L,and volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution was 1.00 in the renewal phase,and pH was 4.60 in the feed phase.When initial concentration of Nd(III)was 2.00×10-4 mol/L,the extraction percentage of Nd(III)was up to 92.9%in 75 min.
文摘In the process of using high-pressure flat membranes to treat coal chemical wastewater,the effects of high-pressure flat membranes on the concentration of salt ions and the removal of pollutants were studied under the conditions of different concentrations of influent TDS,COD and silicon dioxide.The results showed that when the concentration of influent TDS was 35 000-55 000 mg/L,the economic benefit of high-pressure flat membrane operation was the best,and the concentration ratio of high-pressure flat membranes was stable,varying from 3.3 to 3.6.As the concentration of influent organic matter ranged from 100 to 1 800 mg/L,the removal rate of organic matter ranged from 60% to 79%.In addition,the retention rate of high-pressure flat membranes to silicon dioxide was more than 90%.
文摘In this study, poly(vinilydene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP) was used for preparation of hydrophobic membranes using non-solvent induced phase inversion(NIPS) technique. PVDF-HFP copolymer with concentrations of 10 wt% and 12 wt% was prepared to investigate the effect of polymer concentration on pore structure,morphology, hydrophobicity and performance of prepared membranes. Besides, the use of two coagulation baths with the effects of parameters such as coagulant time, polymer type and concentration, and the amount of nonsolvent were studied. The performance of prepared membranes was evaluated based on the permeability and selectivity of oxygen and nitrogen from a gas mixture of nitrogen/oxygen under operating conditions of feed flow rate(1–5 L·min-1), inlet pressure to membrane module(0.1–0.5 MPa) and temperatures between 25 and 45 °C. The results showed that the use of two coagulation baths with different compositions of distillated water and isopropanol,coagulant time, polymer type and concentration, and the amount of non-solvent additive have the most effect on pore structure, morphology, thickness, roughness and crystallinity of fabricated membranes. Porosity ranges for the three fabricated membranes were determined, where the maximum porosity was 73.889% and the minimum value was 56.837%. Also, the maximum and minimum average thicknesses of membrane were 320.85 μm and115 μm. Besides, the values of 4.7504 × 10-7 mol· m-2· s-1· Pa-1, 0.525 and 902.126 nm were achieved for maximum oxygen permeance, O2/N2 selectivity and roughness, respectively.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the South African National Research Foundation for funding this work.
文摘Although PVDF flat sheet membranes have been widely tested in MD,their synthesis and modifications currently require increased use of green and inexpensive materials.In this study,flat sheet PVDF membranes were synthesized using phase inversion and water as the pore former.Remarkably,the water added in the casting solution improved the membrane pore sizes;where the maximum pore size was 0.58μm.Also,the incorporation of f-SiO2NPs in the membrane matrix considerably enhanced the membrane hydrophobicity.Specifically,the membrane contact angles increased from 96°to 153°.Additionally,other parameters investigated were mechanical strength and liquid entry pressure(LEP).The maximum recorded values were 2.26 MPa and 239 kPa,respectively.The modified membranes(i.e.,using water as the pore former and f-SiO2NPs)were the most efficient,showing maximum salt rejection of 99.9%and water flux of 11.6 LMH;thus,indicating their capability to be used as efficient materials for the recovery of high purity water in MD.
文摘This paper suggested a modified model of SLM which could improve its stability.In the model, an organic solution was sandwiched between two layers of supported film,which we called sandwich supported liquid membrane(SSLM).The transport experiments of La3+ were performed with SSLM containing HEH(EHP)as a carrier. The permeability coefficient (p) of La3+ were measured and some factors affecting the p were investigated. The results showed that if the pH of the feed was below 4.0,the p was increased with increasing in pH. The p was also increased when the strip acidity increases.Inspite of not enough satisfactory reproducibility on test result, the stability of the model was improved.
基金The Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2002AA601220)
文摘Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） effect and phosphor removal were investigated in a one-staged aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor on pilot-scale with mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） 19--20 g/L. The effects of DO concentration, sludge floc size distribution on SND were studied. Test results suggested that SND was successfully performed in the membrane bioreactor （MBR） and about 70% total nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved when DO concentration was set to 0.2-- 0.3 mg/L. The main mechanisms governing SND were the suitable sludge floc size and the low DO concentration which was caused by low oxygen transfer rate with such a high MLSS concentration in the MBR. In the meantime, phosphor removal was also studied with polymer ferric sulfate （PFS） addition and 14 mg/L dosage of PFS was proper for the MBR to remove phosphor. PFS addition also benefited the MBR operation owing to its reduction of extracellular polymer substances （EPS） of mixed liquor.
基金Acknowledgements The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 20904031） and the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project （No, B202）. Thanks for Instrumental Analysis Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
文摘High performance polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） flat sheet ultrafiltration （UF） membranes have been prepared by an immersion precipitation phase inversion method using perfluorosulfonic acid （PFSA） as a pore former and as a hydrophilic component of the membranes and polyethylene glycol （Mw = 400） （PEG400） as a pore forming agent. The effects of the presence of PEG and the concentration of the PFSA on the phase separation of the casting solutions and on the morphologies and performance of UF membranes including their porosity, water flux, rejection of bovine serum albumin （BSA） protein, and anti-fouling property were investigated. Phase diagrams, viscosities and the phase separations upon exposure to water vapor showed that both PEG400 and PFSA promoted demixing of the casting solution. Scanning electron microscopy measurements showed that the PVDF-PFSA blend membranes had more macropores and finger-like structures than the native PVDF membranes. The PVDF-PFSA membrane （5 wt-% PEG400 ＋ 5 wt-% PFSA） had a pure water flux of 141.7L/m2.h, a BSA rejection of 90.1% and a relative pure water flux reduction （RFR） of 15.28%. These properties were greatly superior to those of the native PVDF membrane （pure water flux of 5.6 L/m2. h, BSA rejection of 96.3% and RFR of 42.86%）.
文摘The cross-flow shearing action produced from the inferior aeration in the Submerged Membrane Bio-reactor(SMBR) is an effective way to further improve anti-fouling effects of membrane modules.Based on the widely-applied vertical structure of flat membrane modules,improvements are made that ladder-type flat membrane structure is designed with a certain inclined angle θ so that the cross-flow velocity of bubble near the membrane surface can be held,and the intensity and times of elastic colli-sion between bubbles and membrane surface can be increased.This can improve scouring action of membrane surface on aeration and reduce energy consumption of strong aeration in SMBR.By de-ducing and improving the mathematics model of collision between bubble and vertical flat put forward by Vries,the relatively suitable incline angle θ under certain aeration place and in certain size rang of bubble can be obtained with the computer iterative calculation technology.Finally,for many groups of ladder-type flat membrane in parallel placement in the practical application of SMBR,some sugges-tions are offered:the interval distance of membrane modules is 8―15 mm,and aeration should be op-erated at 5―7 mm among membrane modules,and the optimal design angle of trapeziform membrane is 1.7°―2.5°.
