Purpose： This study aims to compare the characteristics of citation disciplinary structure between the G7 countries and the BRICS countries.Design/Methodology/Approach： In this contribution, which uses about 1 milli...Purpose： This study aims to compare the characteristics of citation disciplinary structure between the G7 countries and the BRICS countries.Design/Methodology/Approach： In this contribution, which uses about 1 million Web of Science publications and two publications years（1993 and 2013）, we compare the G7 countries and the BRICS countries with regard to this type of structure. For the publication year 2013, cosine similarity values regarding the citation disciplinary structures of these countries（and of nine other countries） were used as input to cluster analysis. We also obtained cosine similarity values for a given country and its citation disciplinary structures across the two publication years. Moreover, for the publication year 2013, the within-country JeffreysMatusita distance between publication and citation disciplinary structure was measured. Research limitations： First, the citation disciplinary structures of countries depend on multiple and complex factors. It is therefore difficult to completely explain the formation and change of the citation disciplinary structure of a country. This study suggests some possible causes, whereas detailed explanations might be given by future research. Second, the length of the citation window used in this study is three years. However, scientific disciplines differ in their citation practices. Comparison between citations across disciplines using the same citation window length may affect the citation discipline structure results for some countries.Practical limitations： First, the results of this study are based on the WoS database. However, in this database some fields are covered to a greater extent than others, which may affect the results for the citation discipline structure for some studied countries. In future research, we might repeat this study using another database（like Scopus） and, in that case, we would like to make comparisons between the two outcomes. Second, the use of a constant journal setyielded that a large share of the journals covered by WoS year 2013 is ignored in the study. Thus, disciplinary structure is studied based on a quite restricted set of publications. The three mentioned limitations should be kept in mind when the results of this study are interpreted.Originality/value： Disciplinary structure on country level is a highlighted topic for the S＆T policy makers, especially for those come from developing countries. This study observes the disciplinary structure in the view of academic impact, and the result will provide some evidence to make decision for the discipline strategy and funding allocation. Besides, JeffreysMatusita distance is introduced to measure the similarity of citation disciplinary structure and publication disciplinary structure. By applying this measure, some new observations were drawn, for example, ＂Based on the comparison of publication disciplinary structure and citation disciplinary structure, the paper finds most BRICS counties have less impact with more publications＂.Findings： The outcome of the cluster analysis indicates that the G7 countries and BRICS countries are quite heterogeneous regarding their citation disciplinary structure. For a majority of the G7 countries, the citation disciplinary structure tend to be more stable compared to BRICS countries with regard to the years 1993 and 2013. Most G7 countries, with United States as an exception, turned out to have lower values on the Jeffreys-Matusita distance than BRICS countries, indicating a higher degree of heterogeneity between the publication and the citation disciplinary structure for the latter countries. In other words, BRICS countries still receive much less citations in most disciplines than their publication output would suggest. G7 countries can still expect more citations than is to be expected based on their publication output, thereby generating relatively more impact than BRICS countries.展开更多
"China's deep-rooted family culture and the resulting family spirit is one of the basic characteristics of Chinese society that differs from western society," said by Chinese sociologist Fei Xiaotong. Ge..."China's deep-rooted family culture and the resulting family spirit is one of the basic characteristics of Chinese society that differs from western society," said by Chinese sociologist Fei Xiaotong. German sociologist Max Weber defi nes Chinese society as "family structure society"[1]. And sociologist Fei Zhengqing believes that the villages in China are organized by families. In sociological studies, the traditional villages are divided into three types: single-clan villages with only one dominating family, main-clan villages which are mainly composed of several families, and multi-clan villages where some coequal families live together[2]. The authors believe that traditional villages are organized social communities with kinship as a link. They are products of the family system. There is a close connection between a village's family composition and its space construction. Single-clan village is an introverted spatial organization mode entirely based on kinship, ancestral hall is located in the center and the whole spatial structure grows toward it. Main-clan village is a decentralized family aggregate based on the ties of blood as well as region. And the organization of its village space depends on temples and pavilions where families enshrine and worship ancestors and gods. It owns obvious features of collage and collaboration. M ulticlan village is a collaborative and extroverted complex spatial system led by relationship of colleagues, where large public buildings are taken as the core to organize commercial activities. Its form is similar to the form of small towns. Taking sociological term "family" as the starting point and cases of national historic cultural villages including Hong Village, Zhuge Village, Zoumatang Village, Suzhuang Village and Guoyu Village into further study, this article analyses the correlation between kinship composition and spatial form of villages, tries to reveal the essential structure of traditional space of villages and to provide a new perspective on spatial study as well as basis for preservation of traditional villages.展开更多
The paper considers developmental problems of the rural settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are results of long-term disparity in the regional development in the period 1991-2012. In this paper it is consider...The paper considers developmental problems of the rural settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are results of long-term disparity in the regional development in the period 1991-2012. In this paper it is considered the recent migration from rural to urban areas and the depopulation of the rural areas. The result of these trends reflects the development of the new infrastructure and tertiary activities. In these investigations, statistical data processed and geovisualised in GIS were used. The obtained data indicate extremely unequable regional arrangement of the population in the rural areas and socio-economic development.展开更多
This study undertakes a systematic examination of characteristics of the spatio-temporal evolution of industrial economies in Central Asia from the perspectives of industrial scale,structural rationality,industrial co...This study undertakes a systematic examination of characteristics of the spatio-temporal evolution of industrial economies in Central Asia from the perspectives of industrial scale,structural rationality,industrial competitiveness,and industrial isomorphism.The results show that industrial structures in Central Asian countries are becoming increasingly advanced,with certain differences among them in the characteristics of this evolution.Kazakhstan has long had a tertiary-secondary-primary industrial pattern,and productive services have played an increasingly prominent role in the development of its tertiary industry.The transformation of the industrial structure in Uzbekistan,from a secondary-tertiary-primary pattern at its independence from the Soviet Union to a tertiary-secondary-primary pattern,is apparent.Tajikistan's industrial structure has also changed significantly in recent times.Its secondary industries shrunk while tertiary industries developed rapidly.In Kyrgyzstan,the ratios of secondary and tertiary industries to total industrial output have fluctuated significantly while considerable progress has been made in the service sector.The industrial structure of Turkmenistan is significantly lower than the other countries,and Turkmenistan is the only country in the Central Asian region which still shows a tertiary-secondary-primary industrial pattern.The feasibility and competitiveness of the industrial structures of these five Central Asian countries have different characteristics.Kazakhstan has structural advantages but lags in competitiveness,Uzbekistan is driven by both structural and competitive advantages,Tajikistan enjoys structural advantages while Kyrgyzstan lags behind in competitiveness,and Turkmenistan has a competitiveness-driven economy.Furthermore,values of the similar coefficient index of the three industrial structures in these countries were mostly above 0.95,the coefficients of the secondary industrial subdivisions in some countries were below 0.85,and those of tertiary industrial subdivisions among most countries were above 0.89,indicating considerable similarities in industrial structure among them.These findings are important in the context of establishing an effective industrial development strategy for the Silk Road Economic Belt,improving international cooperation,and upgrading industrial structures to achieve economic prosperity.展开更多
Agriculture is one of the core areas of economic development in Central and Eastern European countries(CEEC).Since the launch of the cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European countries(China-CEEC Coop...Agriculture is one of the core areas of economic development in Central and Eastern European countries(CEEC).Since the launch of the cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European countries(China-CEEC Cooperation)in 2012,agricultural trade has become a pillar of bilateral pragmatic cooperation.Expanding agricultural exports to China has always been the key demand of CEEC.展开更多
Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying agricultural space urbanization is essential for sustainable land management.This study identified the spatiotemporal characteristics of the agricultural space urbanizat...Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying agricultural space urbanization is essential for sustainable land management.This study identified the spatiotemporal characteristics of the agricultural space urbanization from 2000 to 2020 in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)using a kilometer-grid-based approach.By employing the partial least squares structural equation modeling method,the intricate drivers of agricultural space urbanization were investigated.The results revealed that from 2000 to 2020,agricultural space urbanization in the YREB covered an area of 28,198 km^(2),accounting for 84.5%of the total increase in urban space.The partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis revealed regional variations in agricultural space urbanization dynamics.In the western YREB,where urbanization is in its initial stage,natural conditions play a weak and indirect role,whereas policy incentives and socioeconomic growth are equally significant in driving agricultural space urbanization.In the eastern YREB,where urbanization is more saturated,the agricultural space urbanization is less constrained by natural factors,showing a high synergy with socioeconomic development.Conversely,in the central Yangtze River Economic Belt,policy influences surpass socioeconomic factors,whereas unfavorable natural conditions and agricultural development act as key drivers of agricultural space urbanization.This study suggests that enhancing agricultural space urbanization quality requires strengthening region-specific policies,providing targeted support for remote areas,rebalancing policy orientation in rapidly urbanizing regions,and establishing a comprehensive evaluation system to ensure policy rationality.展开更多
By summarizing the characteristics of the global energy structure and China’s energy resource endowment, this study analyzes the historical context and opportunities for China to build an “energy powerhouse”, and p...By summarizing the characteristics of the global energy structure and China’s energy resource endowment, this study analyzes the historical context and opportunities for China to build an “energy powerhouse”, and proposes pathways and measures for its realization. It is indicated that the energy resource endowment in China is characterized by abundant coal, limited oil and gas, and vast renewable potential, coupled with an energy consumption structure characterized by high coal consumption, low oil and gas consumption, and rapidly growing renewable energy use. The “whole-energy system” approach that integrates multi-energy complementarity, green development, stable supply, smart utilization and carbon neutrality is an effective solution to addressing energy transition and energy independence. To build an “energy powerhouse”, China can follow the approach of the steady and orderly low-carbon development of fossil fuels, the safe and scaled development of new energy, the integrated development of a carbon-neutral “whole-energy system”, and the shared development of the “Belt and Road” energy corridor. The construction of an “energy powerhouse” should follow a “three-phase” strategic pathway: from 2025 to 2030, achieving peak primary energy consumption and “carbon peaking”;from 2031 to 2050, energy production will achieve parity with consumption for the first time, striving for “energy independence”;and from 2051 to 2060, aiming for “carbon neutrality”, and establishing an “energy powerhouse”. Building an “energy powerhouse” will fundamentally safeguard national energy security, advance the achievement of carbon neutrality goals, provide Chinese solutions for global energy transition and green Earth construction, and support the modernization and great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.展开更多
Focusing on the fast growth of BRICS＇ outward foreign direct investment （OFDI） and multinational companies during the crisis has left unheeded that some other emerging economies also grow much faster than average i...Focusing on the fast growth of BRICS＇ outward foreign direct investment （OFDI） and multinational companies during the crisis has left unheeded that some other emerging economies also grow much faster than average in the global economy and has become significant and fast-growing direct investors abroad. A sample of such （thirteen） new-wave emerging countries （NWECs） is gathered on the criterion of being ranked among the most significant foreign direct investors in the global economy. The literature review exhibits only very few articles existing on such a topic so far. Descriptive statistics enable tracing OFDI by NWECs-based multinational companies back to the 1970s, checking its geographical orientation and industrial structure, and assessing the relative importance of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Econometric estimation exhibits that direct investment moving off the NWECs is explained by so-called push factors such as the home country＇s GDP, GDP per capita, GDP rate of growth, the share of high-technology exported products in overall export, the number of technological patents registered, and how much inward foreign direct investment discussed in the light of Dunning＇s investment development hypothesis. stock has previously been hosted. These results are path model and Matthews＇ linkage-leverage learning展开更多
At its third plenary session in July 2024,the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)proposed to develop institutions and mechanisms to support all-around innovation and unveiled a series of plans ...At its third plenary session in July 2024,the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)proposed to develop institutions and mechanisms to support all-around innovation and unveiled a series of plans for deepening scientific and technological(S&T)structural reform.This is a reflection of the great importance the CPC Central Committee places on S&T innovation.To build a strong agricultural country and advance agricultural and rural modernization,we must focus heavily on S&T advances and rely closely on them to make progress.展开更多
Reduction of carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions is one of the biggest challenges for global sustainable development,in which economic growth characterized by industrialization plays a formidable role.We innovatively adopted...Reduction of carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions is one of the biggest challenges for global sustainable development,in which economic growth characterized by industrialization plays a formidable role.We innovatively adopted the input and output(I-O)table of 41 countries released by World I-O Database to determine the industrial structure change and analyze its impact on CO2 emission evolution by developing a cross-country panel model.The empirical results show that industrial structure change has a significantly negative effect on CO2 emissions;to be specific,0.1 unit increase in the linkage of manufacturing sector and service sector will lead to a decrease of 0.94 metric tons per capita CO2 emissions,indicating that upgrading industrial structure contributes to carbon mitigation and sustainable development.Further,urbanization,technology and trade openness have significantly negative impact on CO2 emissions,while economy growth and energy use take positive impacts.In particular,a 1%increase in per capita income will contribute to an increase of 8.6 metric tons per capita CO2 emissions.However,the effect of industrial structure on environment degradation is moderated by technology level.These findings fill the gaps of previous literature and provide valuable references for effective policies to mitigate CO2 emissions and achieve sustainable development.展开更多
Hong Kong has undergone substantial economic transformations and developed into a sophisticated busi- ness and financial center in the Asia-Pacific region, since the return of sovereignty to China as a Special Adminis...Hong Kong has undergone substantial economic transformations and developed into a sophisticated busi- ness and financial center in the Asia-Pacific region, since the return of sovereignty to China as a Special Administrative Region under the One Country Two Systems （OCTS） in 1997. This paper discusses and analyzes the industrial struc- tural changes of Hong Kong in recent decades as well as its future challenges and opportunities, The data and finding reveal that even though Hong Kong will face fierce competition from the Mainland＇s cities as the rise of China, the important role as a bridge between China and the rest of the world wilt brace Hong Kong itself under the OCTS for developing into a service hub for business and trade in the Asia-Pacific region.展开更多
Economies that have effectively escaped the“middle-income trap”demonstrate common traits in their industrial restructuring as they progressed to high-income status.These include a relatively stable share of an econ...Economies that have effectively escaped the“middle-income trap”demonstrate common traits in their industrial restructuring as they progressed to high-income status.These include a relatively stable share of an economy’s manufacturing sector,a reasonable economic structure,enhanced industrial capabilities,and growth driven by innovation.However,late-moving countries face a number of hurdles as they strive to cross this threshold.China’s development advantages include,among other things,a complete industrial system,a more balanced industrial structure,growing indigenous innovation capabilities,continual expansion and upgrading of domestic demand,and a greater degree of openness.These capabilities have provided continuous momentum for industrial growth,allowing China to capitalize on the next wave of technological and industrial revolutions while also promoting long-term,steady industrial development.During its modernization efforts,China has seen substantial changes in the external environment surrounding its industrial development.We must not only recognize the increasing complexity,intensity,and uncertainty of these changes,but also take proactive steps to solve diverse issues and capitalize on opportunities arising from global digital and green transitions.Equal focus should be placed on strengthening reforms and promoting high-level openness,improving policy coordination and consistency,and pursuing an innovation-driven strategy.This will speed the development of a modern industrial system and encourage the formation of new,high-quality productive forces.展开更多
文摘Purpose： This study aims to compare the characteristics of citation disciplinary structure between the G7 countries and the BRICS countries.Design/Methodology/Approach： In this contribution, which uses about 1 million Web of Science publications and two publications years（1993 and 2013）, we compare the G7 countries and the BRICS countries with regard to this type of structure. For the publication year 2013, cosine similarity values regarding the citation disciplinary structures of these countries（and of nine other countries） were used as input to cluster analysis. We also obtained cosine similarity values for a given country and its citation disciplinary structures across the two publication years. Moreover, for the publication year 2013, the within-country JeffreysMatusita distance between publication and citation disciplinary structure was measured. Research limitations： First, the citation disciplinary structures of countries depend on multiple and complex factors. It is therefore difficult to completely explain the formation and change of the citation disciplinary structure of a country. This study suggests some possible causes, whereas detailed explanations might be given by future research. Second, the length of the citation window used in this study is three years. However, scientific disciplines differ in their citation practices. Comparison between citations across disciplines using the same citation window length may affect the citation discipline structure results for some countries.Practical limitations： First, the results of this study are based on the WoS database. However, in this database some fields are covered to a greater extent than others, which may affect the results for the citation discipline structure for some studied countries. In future research, we might repeat this study using another database（like Scopus） and, in that case, we would like to make comparisons between the two outcomes. Second, the use of a constant journal setyielded that a large share of the journals covered by WoS year 2013 is ignored in the study. Thus, disciplinary structure is studied based on a quite restricted set of publications. The three mentioned limitations should be kept in mind when the results of this study are interpreted.Originality/value： Disciplinary structure on country level is a highlighted topic for the S＆T policy makers, especially for those come from developing countries. This study observes the disciplinary structure in the view of academic impact, and the result will provide some evidence to make decision for the discipline strategy and funding allocation. Besides, JeffreysMatusita distance is introduced to measure the similarity of citation disciplinary structure and publication disciplinary structure. By applying this measure, some new observations were drawn, for example, ＂Based on the comparison of publication disciplinary structure and citation disciplinary structure, the paper finds most BRICS counties have less impact with more publications＂.Findings： The outcome of the cluster analysis indicates that the G7 countries and BRICS countries are quite heterogeneous regarding their citation disciplinary structure. For a majority of the G7 countries, the citation disciplinary structure tend to be more stable compared to BRICS countries with regard to the years 1993 and 2013. Most G7 countries, with United States as an exception, turned out to have lower values on the Jeffreys-Matusita distance than BRICS countries, indicating a higher degree of heterogeneity between the publication and the citation disciplinary structure for the latter countries. In other words, BRICS countries still receive much less citations in most disciplines than their publication output would suggest. G7 countries can still expect more citations than is to be expected based on their publication output, thereby generating relatively more impact than BRICS countries.
文摘"China's deep-rooted family culture and the resulting family spirit is one of the basic characteristics of Chinese society that differs from western society," said by Chinese sociologist Fei Xiaotong. German sociologist Max Weber defi nes Chinese society as "family structure society"[1]. And sociologist Fei Zhengqing believes that the villages in China are organized by families. In sociological studies, the traditional villages are divided into three types: single-clan villages with only one dominating family, main-clan villages which are mainly composed of several families, and multi-clan villages where some coequal families live together[2]. The authors believe that traditional villages are organized social communities with kinship as a link. They are products of the family system. There is a close connection between a village's family composition and its space construction. Single-clan village is an introverted spatial organization mode entirely based on kinship, ancestral hall is located in the center and the whole spatial structure grows toward it. Main-clan village is a decentralized family aggregate based on the ties of blood as well as region. And the organization of its village space depends on temples and pavilions where families enshrine and worship ancestors and gods. It owns obvious features of collage and collaboration. M ulticlan village is a collaborative and extroverted complex spatial system led by relationship of colleagues, where large public buildings are taken as the core to organize commercial activities. Its form is similar to the form of small towns. Taking sociological term "family" as the starting point and cases of national historic cultural villages including Hong Village, Zhuge Village, Zoumatang Village, Suzhuang Village and Guoyu Village into further study, this article analyses the correlation between kinship composition and spatial form of villages, tries to reveal the essential structure of traditional space of villages and to provide a new perspective on spatial study as well as basis for preservation of traditional villages.
文摘The paper considers developmental problems of the rural settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are results of long-term disparity in the regional development in the period 1991-2012. In this paper it is considered the recent migration from rural to urban areas and the depopulation of the rural areas. The result of these trends reflects the development of the new infrastructure and tertiary activities. In these investigations, statistical data processed and geovisualised in GIS were used. The obtained data indicate extremely unequable regional arrangement of the population in the rural areas and socio-economic development.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the CAS,No.XDA20040400National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41801114。
文摘This study undertakes a systematic examination of characteristics of the spatio-temporal evolution of industrial economies in Central Asia from the perspectives of industrial scale,structural rationality,industrial competitiveness,and industrial isomorphism.The results show that industrial structures in Central Asian countries are becoming increasingly advanced,with certain differences among them in the characteristics of this evolution.Kazakhstan has long had a tertiary-secondary-primary industrial pattern,and productive services have played an increasingly prominent role in the development of its tertiary industry.The transformation of the industrial structure in Uzbekistan,from a secondary-tertiary-primary pattern at its independence from the Soviet Union to a tertiary-secondary-primary pattern,is apparent.Tajikistan's industrial structure has also changed significantly in recent times.Its secondary industries shrunk while tertiary industries developed rapidly.In Kyrgyzstan,the ratios of secondary and tertiary industries to total industrial output have fluctuated significantly while considerable progress has been made in the service sector.The industrial structure of Turkmenistan is significantly lower than the other countries,and Turkmenistan is the only country in the Central Asian region which still shows a tertiary-secondary-primary industrial pattern.The feasibility and competitiveness of the industrial structures of these five Central Asian countries have different characteristics.Kazakhstan has structural advantages but lags in competitiveness,Uzbekistan is driven by both structural and competitive advantages,Tajikistan enjoys structural advantages while Kyrgyzstan lags behind in competitiveness,and Turkmenistan has a competitiveness-driven economy.Furthermore,values of the similar coefficient index of the three industrial structures in these countries were mostly above 0.95,the coefficients of the secondary industrial subdivisions in some countries were below 0.85,and those of tertiary industrial subdivisions among most countries were above 0.89,indicating considerable similarities in industrial structure among them.These findings are important in the context of establishing an effective industrial development strategy for the Silk Road Economic Belt,improving international cooperation,and upgrading industrial structures to achieve economic prosperity.
文摘Agriculture is one of the core areas of economic development in Central and Eastern European countries(CEEC).Since the launch of the cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European countries(China-CEEC Cooperation)in 2012,agricultural trade has become a pillar of bilateral pragmatic cooperation.Expanding agricultural exports to China has always been the key demand of CEEC.
基金Fellowship Program of the CPSF,No.GZC20231970National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41871182。
文摘Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying agricultural space urbanization is essential for sustainable land management.This study identified the spatiotemporal characteristics of the agricultural space urbanization from 2000 to 2020 in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)using a kilometer-grid-based approach.By employing the partial least squares structural equation modeling method,the intricate drivers of agricultural space urbanization were investigated.The results revealed that from 2000 to 2020,agricultural space urbanization in the YREB covered an area of 28,198 km^(2),accounting for 84.5%of the total increase in urban space.The partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis revealed regional variations in agricultural space urbanization dynamics.In the western YREB,where urbanization is in its initial stage,natural conditions play a weak and indirect role,whereas policy incentives and socioeconomic growth are equally significant in driving agricultural space urbanization.In the eastern YREB,where urbanization is more saturated,the agricultural space urbanization is less constrained by natural factors,showing a high synergy with socioeconomic development.Conversely,in the central Yangtze River Economic Belt,policy influences surpass socioeconomic factors,whereas unfavorable natural conditions and agricultural development act as key drivers of agricultural space urbanization.This study suggests that enhancing agricultural space urbanization quality requires strengthening region-specific policies,providing targeted support for remote areas,rebalancing policy orientation in rapidly urbanizing regions,and establishing a comprehensive evaluation system to ensure policy rationality.
基金Supported by the National Social Science Fund Major Project(24&ZD106)。
文摘By summarizing the characteristics of the global energy structure and China’s energy resource endowment, this study analyzes the historical context and opportunities for China to build an “energy powerhouse”, and proposes pathways and measures for its realization. It is indicated that the energy resource endowment in China is characterized by abundant coal, limited oil and gas, and vast renewable potential, coupled with an energy consumption structure characterized by high coal consumption, low oil and gas consumption, and rapidly growing renewable energy use. The “whole-energy system” approach that integrates multi-energy complementarity, green development, stable supply, smart utilization and carbon neutrality is an effective solution to addressing energy transition and energy independence. To build an “energy powerhouse”, China can follow the approach of the steady and orderly low-carbon development of fossil fuels, the safe and scaled development of new energy, the integrated development of a carbon-neutral “whole-energy system”, and the shared development of the “Belt and Road” energy corridor. The construction of an “energy powerhouse” should follow a “three-phase” strategic pathway: from 2025 to 2030, achieving peak primary energy consumption and “carbon peaking”;from 2031 to 2050, energy production will achieve parity with consumption for the first time, striving for “energy independence”;and from 2051 to 2060, aiming for “carbon neutrality”, and establishing an “energy powerhouse”. Building an “energy powerhouse” will fundamentally safeguard national energy security, advance the achievement of carbon neutrality goals, provide Chinese solutions for global energy transition and green Earth construction, and support the modernization and great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
文摘Focusing on the fast growth of BRICS＇ outward foreign direct investment （OFDI） and multinational companies during the crisis has left unheeded that some other emerging economies also grow much faster than average in the global economy and has become significant and fast-growing direct investors abroad. A sample of such （thirteen） new-wave emerging countries （NWECs） is gathered on the criterion of being ranked among the most significant foreign direct investors in the global economy. The literature review exhibits only very few articles existing on such a topic so far. Descriptive statistics enable tracing OFDI by NWECs-based multinational companies back to the 1970s, checking its geographical orientation and industrial structure, and assessing the relative importance of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Econometric estimation exhibits that direct investment moving off the NWECs is explained by so-called push factors such as the home country＇s GDP, GDP per capita, GDP rate of growth, the share of high-technology exported products in overall export, the number of technological patents registered, and how much inward foreign direct investment discussed in the light of Dunning＇s investment development hypothesis. stock has previously been hosted. These results are path model and Matthews＇ linkage-leverage learning
文摘At its third plenary session in July 2024,the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)proposed to develop institutions and mechanisms to support all-around innovation and unveiled a series of plans for deepening scientific and technological(S&T)structural reform.This is a reflection of the great importance the CPC Central Committee places on S&T innovation.To build a strong agricultural country and advance agricultural and rural modernization,we must focus heavily on S&T advances and rely closely on them to make progress.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71403260,71573244,71532013).
文摘Reduction of carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions is one of the biggest challenges for global sustainable development,in which economic growth characterized by industrialization plays a formidable role.We innovatively adopted the input and output(I-O)table of 41 countries released by World I-O Database to determine the industrial structure change and analyze its impact on CO2 emission evolution by developing a cross-country panel model.The empirical results show that industrial structure change has a significantly negative effect on CO2 emissions;to be specific,0.1 unit increase in the linkage of manufacturing sector and service sector will lead to a decrease of 0.94 metric tons per capita CO2 emissions,indicating that upgrading industrial structure contributes to carbon mitigation and sustainable development.Further,urbanization,technology and trade openness have significantly negative impact on CO2 emissions,while economy growth and energy use take positive impacts.In particular,a 1%increase in per capita income will contribute to an increase of 8.6 metric tons per capita CO2 emissions.However,the effect of industrial structure on environment degradation is moderated by technology level.These findings fill the gaps of previous literature and provide valuable references for effective policies to mitigate CO2 emissions and achieve sustainable development.
基金Under the auspices of Hui Oi Chow Trust Fund(No.200902172004)Mrs.Li Ka Shing Fund,Strategic Research Theme on Contemporary China,Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research(No.200911159173)Seed Funding Programme for Applied Research(No.201102160031)
文摘Hong Kong has undergone substantial economic transformations and developed into a sophisticated busi- ness and financial center in the Asia-Pacific region, since the return of sovereignty to China as a Special Administrative Region under the One Country Two Systems （OCTS） in 1997. This paper discusses and analyzes the industrial struc- tural changes of Hong Kong in recent decades as well as its future challenges and opportunities, The data and finding reveal that even though Hong Kong will face fierce competition from the Mainland＇s cities as the rise of China, the important role as a bridge between China and the rest of the world wilt brace Hong Kong itself under the OCTS for developing into a service hub for business and trade in the Asia-Pacific region.
文摘Economies that have effectively escaped the“middle-income trap”demonstrate common traits in their industrial restructuring as they progressed to high-income status.These include a relatively stable share of an economy’s manufacturing sector,a reasonable economic structure,enhanced industrial capabilities,and growth driven by innovation.However,late-moving countries face a number of hurdles as they strive to cross this threshold.China’s development advantages include,among other things,a complete industrial system,a more balanced industrial structure,growing indigenous innovation capabilities,continual expansion and upgrading of domestic demand,and a greater degree of openness.These capabilities have provided continuous momentum for industrial growth,allowing China to capitalize on the next wave of technological and industrial revolutions while also promoting long-term,steady industrial development.During its modernization efforts,China has seen substantial changes in the external environment surrounding its industrial development.We must not only recognize the increasing complexity,intensity,and uncertainty of these changes,but also take proactive steps to solve diverse issues and capitalize on opportunities arising from global digital and green transitions.Equal focus should be placed on strengthening reforms and promoting high-level openness,improving policy coordination and consistency,and pursuing an innovation-driven strategy.This will speed the development of a modern industrial system and encourage the formation of new,high-quality productive forces.
