If urban sprawl is to be avoided in China in the next ten years, it is not only crucial to understand the overall history, current status, and future trends of urban expansion there, but also these differences, and th...If urban sprawl is to be avoided in China in the next ten years, it is not only crucial to understand the overall history, current status, and future trends of urban expansion there, but also these differences, and this is presently lacking. In this study, remotely sensed images with approximately 30 m spatial resolution were used to quantitatively assess the spatial and temporal patterns of urban expansion of 60 Chinese cities(1973–2013). Urban-expansion-process curves of the cities studied were drawn using annual expansion area as an indicator. Curve similarity analysis generated four basic process modes of urban expansion in China. These included cities that: 1) peaked around 2004 and then decelerated; 2) peaked around 2010 and then decelerated; 3) showed sustained acceleration, and 4) showed continued deceleration. Four basic process modes represented cities under different levels of development stage. Geographic location was found to be the most related characteristic to urban expansion process. Regional development policies at the national level in each region also showed highly temporal consistency with fluctuation characteristics of urban expansion process. Urban characteristic such as population size and administrative level were not found to be significantly related to urban expansion-process modes. Understanding the basic process-mode categories well is extremely important for future regional-balance planning and development of macroeconomic policies.展开更多
【目的】了解早产儿与足月儿精细运动发育水平的差异及其影响因素。【方法】采用Peabody运动发育量表第2版(Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2,PDMS-2)对215例婴儿(早产儿97例、足月儿118例)进行精细运动发育水平测试,并对结果精细...【目的】了解早产儿与足月儿精细运动发育水平的差异及其影响因素。【方法】采用Peabody运动发育量表第2版(Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2,PDMS-2)对215例婴儿(早产儿97例、足月儿118例)进行精细运动发育水平测试,并对结果精细运动发育商(finemotorquotient,FMQ)进行统计分析。【结果】1)早产儿FMQ显著小于足月儿FMQ(t=5.142,P<0.05);2)精细运动的抓握标准分低于视觉运动整合标准分(d=1.00±1.24,t=11.881,P<0.05);3)FMQ受到胎龄、出生体重、进食能力训练、身高、体重多方面因素的影响。【结论】早产儿精细运动发育落后于足月儿,且抓握能力发育较视觉运动整合能力发育落后;孕期加强保健延长胎龄和增加出生体重、生后有意识通过进食能力训练加强动手能力的提高、保持适宜的生长发育对精细运动的发育极其重要。展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41201443,41101148)Strategic Planning Program in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan of Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y4SG0100CX)
文摘If urban sprawl is to be avoided in China in the next ten years, it is not only crucial to understand the overall history, current status, and future trends of urban expansion there, but also these differences, and this is presently lacking. In this study, remotely sensed images with approximately 30 m spatial resolution were used to quantitatively assess the spatial and temporal patterns of urban expansion of 60 Chinese cities(1973–2013). Urban-expansion-process curves of the cities studied were drawn using annual expansion area as an indicator. Curve similarity analysis generated four basic process modes of urban expansion in China. These included cities that: 1) peaked around 2004 and then decelerated; 2) peaked around 2010 and then decelerated; 3) showed sustained acceleration, and 4) showed continued deceleration. Four basic process modes represented cities under different levels of development stage. Geographic location was found to be the most related characteristic to urban expansion process. Regional development policies at the national level in each region also showed highly temporal consistency with fluctuation characteristics of urban expansion process. Urban characteristic such as population size and administrative level were not found to be significantly related to urban expansion-process modes. Understanding the basic process-mode categories well is extremely important for future regional-balance planning and development of macroeconomic policies.
文摘【目的】了解早产儿与足月儿精细运动发育水平的差异及其影响因素。【方法】采用Peabody运动发育量表第2版(Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2,PDMS-2)对215例婴儿(早产儿97例、足月儿118例)进行精细运动发育水平测试,并对结果精细运动发育商(finemotorquotient,FMQ)进行统计分析。【结果】1)早产儿FMQ显著小于足月儿FMQ(t=5.142,P<0.05);2)精细运动的抓握标准分低于视觉运动整合标准分(d=1.00±1.24,t=11.881,P<0.05);3)FMQ受到胎龄、出生体重、进食能力训练、身高、体重多方面因素的影响。【结论】早产儿精细运动发育落后于足月儿,且抓握能力发育较视觉运动整合能力发育落后;孕期加强保健延长胎龄和增加出生体重、生后有意识通过进食能力训练加强动手能力的提高、保持适宜的生长发育对精细运动的发育极其重要。
