Today's world is stressed by the ever-increasing demand for energy and the disastrous climate changes.New technologies that generate,convert,and store energy in a greener and more efficient way become increasingly...Today's world is stressed by the ever-increasing demand for energy and the disastrous climate changes.New technologies that generate,convert,and store energy in a greener and more efficient way become increasingly critical in building a sustainable society.On this front,batteries,capacitors,fuel cells,and solar cells play the indispensable roles as the powers for applications,for example,electric vehicles shall mitigate our reliance on the depleting fossil fuels.It is crucial to invent new materials or technologies to improve the electrochemical performance of energy storage/conversion devices with higher energy,better power,longer cycle life,and better safety.展开更多
Despite the prevailing emphasis in the medical literature on establishing evidence,many changes in the practice of surgery have not been achieved using proper evidence-based assessment.This paper examines the adoption...Despite the prevailing emphasis in the medical literature on establishing evidence,many changes in the practice of surgery have not been achieved using proper evidence-based assessment.This paper examines the adoption of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)into regular use for the treatment of cholecystitis and the process of its acceptance,focusing on the limited role of technology assessment in its appraisal.A review of the published medical literature concerning LC was performed.Approximately 3000 studies of LC have been conducted since 1985,and there have been nearly 8500 publications to date.As LC was adopted enthusiastically into practice,the results of outcome studies generally showed that it compared favorably with the traditional,open cholecystectomy with regard to mortality,complications,and length of hospital stay.However,despite the rapid general agreement on surgical technique,efficacy,and appropriateness,there remained lingering doubts about safety,outcomes,and cost of the procedure that suggested that essential research questions were ignored even as the procedure became standard.Using LC as a case study,there are important lessons to be learned about the need for important guidelines for surgical innovation and the adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques into current clinical and surgical practice.We highlight one recent example,natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery and how necessary it is to properly evaluate this new technology before it is accepted as a safe and effective surgical option.展开更多
《International Journal of Coal Science&Technology;》(《国际煤炭科学技术学报》,简称JCST)是由中国煤炭学会主办、煤炭科学研究总院承办、面向国内外公开发行的英文版煤炭科学技术方面的综合性学术刊物。主要刊载煤田地质与勘...《International Journal of Coal Science&Technology;》(《国际煤炭科学技术学报》,简称JCST)是由中国煤炭学会主办、煤炭科学研究总院承办、面向国内外公开发行的英文版煤炭科学技术方面的综合性学术刊物。主要刊载煤田地质与勘探、煤矿开采、矿山测量、矿井建设、煤矿安全、煤矿机械工程、煤矿电气工程、煤炭加工利用、煤矿环境保护等方面的科研成果和学术论文。展开更多
《International Journal of Coal Science&Technology;》(《国际煤炭科学技术学报》,简称JCST)是由中国煤炭学会主办、煤炭科学研究总院承办、面向国内外公开发行的英文版煤炭科学技术方面的综合性学术刊物。主要刊载煤田地质与勘...《International Journal of Coal Science&Technology;》(《国际煤炭科学技术学报》,简称JCST)是由中国煤炭学会主办、煤炭科学研究总院承办、面向国内外公开发行的英文版煤炭科学技术方面的综合性学术刊物。主要刊载煤田地质与勘探、煤矿开采、矿山测量、矿井建设、煤矿安全、煤矿机械工程、煤矿电气工程、煤炭加工利用、煤矿环境保护等方面的科研成果和学术论文。展开更多
No matter from the economic perspective, or from the social perspective, to gradually achieve sustainable development, will need to attach importance to the construction of the energy system, give priority to the use ...No matter from the economic perspective, or from the social perspective, to gradually achieve sustainable development, will need to attach importance to the construction of the energy system, give priority to the use of renewable energy, but gradually increase in population, people's life gradually improve environment, represented by oil nonrenewable resources have been in a state of being long-term overexploitation. In order to meet the later development demand for energy, it is necessary to pay attention to the application of renewable energy, and solar energy is a kind of clean, environmental and renewable energy, so people gradually pay attention to the application of solar energy. Solar energy can be applied in many fields, such as the popular solar oven in the past, but now through solar photovoltaic power generation becomes the application trend of renewable energy in the future. This paper analyzes the application status of solar photovoltaic power generation technology, and describes the future development trend for reference.展开更多
文摘Today's world is stressed by the ever-increasing demand for energy and the disastrous climate changes.New technologies that generate,convert,and store energy in a greener and more efficient way become increasingly critical in building a sustainable society.On this front,batteries,capacitors,fuel cells,and solar cells play the indispensable roles as the powers for applications,for example,electric vehicles shall mitigate our reliance on the depleting fossil fuels.It is crucial to invent new materials or technologies to improve the electrochemical performance of energy storage/conversion devices with higher energy,better power,longer cycle life,and better safety.
文摘Despite the prevailing emphasis in the medical literature on establishing evidence,many changes in the practice of surgery have not been achieved using proper evidence-based assessment.This paper examines the adoption of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)into regular use for the treatment of cholecystitis and the process of its acceptance,focusing on the limited role of technology assessment in its appraisal.A review of the published medical literature concerning LC was performed.Approximately 3000 studies of LC have been conducted since 1985,and there have been nearly 8500 publications to date.As LC was adopted enthusiastically into practice,the results of outcome studies generally showed that it compared favorably with the traditional,open cholecystectomy with regard to mortality,complications,and length of hospital stay.However,despite the rapid general agreement on surgical technique,efficacy,and appropriateness,there remained lingering doubts about safety,outcomes,and cost of the procedure that suggested that essential research questions were ignored even as the procedure became standard.Using LC as a case study,there are important lessons to be learned about the need for important guidelines for surgical innovation and the adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques into current clinical and surgical practice.We highlight one recent example,natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery and how necessary it is to properly evaluate this new technology before it is accepted as a safe and effective surgical option.
文摘《International Journal of Coal Science&Technology;》(《国际煤炭科学技术学报》,简称JCST)是由中国煤炭学会主办、煤炭科学研究总院承办、面向国内外公开发行的英文版煤炭科学技术方面的综合性学术刊物。主要刊载煤田地质与勘探、煤矿开采、矿山测量、矿井建设、煤矿安全、煤矿机械工程、煤矿电气工程、煤炭加工利用、煤矿环境保护等方面的科研成果和学术论文。
文摘《International Journal of Coal Science&Technology;》(《国际煤炭科学技术学报》,简称JCST)是由中国煤炭学会主办、煤炭科学研究总院承办、面向国内外公开发行的英文版煤炭科学技术方面的综合性学术刊物。主要刊载煤田地质与勘探、煤矿开采、矿山测量、矿井建设、煤矿安全、煤矿机械工程、煤矿电气工程、煤炭加工利用、煤矿环境保护等方面的科研成果和学术论文。
文摘No matter from the economic perspective, or from the social perspective, to gradually achieve sustainable development, will need to attach importance to the construction of the energy system, give priority to the use of renewable energy, but gradually increase in population, people's life gradually improve environment, represented by oil nonrenewable resources have been in a state of being long-term overexploitation. In order to meet the later development demand for energy, it is necessary to pay attention to the application of renewable energy, and solar energy is a kind of clean, environmental and renewable energy, so people gradually pay attention to the application of solar energy. Solar energy can be applied in many fields, such as the popular solar oven in the past, but now through solar photovoltaic power generation becomes the application trend of renewable energy in the future. This paper analyzes the application status of solar photovoltaic power generation technology, and describes the future development trend for reference.
