Comparative studies on phytolith morphology between wild rice(Oryza rufipogon)and domesticated rice(Oryza sativa)have provided a fundamental basis for examining rice domestication traits and their evolutionary pathway...Comparative studies on phytolith morphology between wild rice(Oryza rufipogon)and domesticated rice(Oryza sativa)have provided a fundamental basis for examining rice domestication traits and their evolutionary pathways.To investigate the taxonomic significance of modern rice phytoliths,this study conducted systematic morphometric and statistical evaluations on cuneiform bulliform,double-peaked husk,and bilobate phytoliths of wild rice and two domesticated rice subspecies,japonica(O.sativa subsp.japonica'Ganningjing No.1')and indica(O.sativa subsp.indica'CNR213'),cultivated in Wuhan experimental fields.The findings revealed the following:(1)The number of fish-scale facets on cuneiform bulliform phytoliths and the morphology of double-peaked husk and bilobate phytoliths effectively differentiated wild rice from domesticated rice at the species level.Specifically,the cuneiform bulliform phytoliths with≥9 fish-scale facets were 6%,40%,and67%for wild,japonica,and indica rice,respectively.The shank length(a)and notch width(b)of bilobate phytoliths,as well as the top width(TW),middle width(MW),height(H),and curve depth(CD)of double-peaked husk phytoliths in domesticated rice,were smaller than those in wild rice.The morphometric features of the bilobate phytoliths demonstrate their potential as novel indicators for distinguishing wild rice from domesticated rice.(2)At the subspecies level,morphological variations were observed in the phytoliths of japonica and indica rice.Specifically,the flat ratio(B/A,where B and A are the non-base portion length and base portion length of cuneiform bulliform phytoliths,respectively)and fish-scale facet number of cuneiform bulliform phytoliths in japonica rice were lower than those in indica rice,but the horizontal(HL)and vertical length(VL)of japonica rice were greater than those of indica rice.This study provides phytolith-based evidence for the classification and identification of modern rice and offers valuable insights for identifying rice phytolith traits from archaeological sites and for understanding the domestication and evolutionary pathways of rice.Considering the limited variety of rice types included in this study,future research should investigate more rice species to create a comprehensive morphometric classification system for phytolith analyses.展开更多
Indica is not only an important rice subspecies widely planted in Asia and the rest of the world,but it is also the genetic background of the majority of hybrid varieties in China.Studies on genetic structure and gene...Indica is not only an important rice subspecies widely planted in Asia and the rest of the world,but it is also the genetic background of the majority of hybrid varieties in China.Studies on genetic structure and genetic diversity in indica germplasm resources are important for the classification and utilization of cultivated rice in China.Using a genetically representative core collection comprising 1482 Chinese indica landraces,we analysed the genetic structure,geographic differentiation and diversity.Model-based structure analysis of varieties within three ecotypes revealed nine eco-geographical types partially accordant with certain ecological zones in China.Differentiation of eco-geographical types was attributed to local ecological adaption and physical isolation.These groups may be useful for developing heterotic groups of indica.To facilitate the identification of different ecotypes and eco-geographical types,we identified characteristic SSR alleles of each ecotype and eco-geographical type and a rapid index of discrimination based on characteristic alleles.The characteristic alleles and rapid discrimination index may guide development of heterotic groups,and selection of hybrid parents.展开更多
As early as the 1960s, Boe et al., Pittman et al. and Murr et al. have reported that the magnetic field can accelerate the maturity and growth of plants. However, the advance of this investigation about the biomagneti...As early as the 1960s, Boe et al., Pittman et al. and Murr et al. have reported that the magnetic field can accelerate the maturity and growth of plants. However, the advance of this investigation about the biomagnetic effects on展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23A2023,42077408)。
文摘Comparative studies on phytolith morphology between wild rice(Oryza rufipogon)and domesticated rice(Oryza sativa)have provided a fundamental basis for examining rice domestication traits and their evolutionary pathways.To investigate the taxonomic significance of modern rice phytoliths,this study conducted systematic morphometric and statistical evaluations on cuneiform bulliform,double-peaked husk,and bilobate phytoliths of wild rice and two domesticated rice subspecies,japonica(O.sativa subsp.japonica'Ganningjing No.1')and indica(O.sativa subsp.indica'CNR213'),cultivated in Wuhan experimental fields.The findings revealed the following:(1)The number of fish-scale facets on cuneiform bulliform phytoliths and the morphology of double-peaked husk and bilobate phytoliths effectively differentiated wild rice from domesticated rice at the species level.Specifically,the cuneiform bulliform phytoliths with≥9 fish-scale facets were 6%,40%,and67%for wild,japonica,and indica rice,respectively.The shank length(a)and notch width(b)of bilobate phytoliths,as well as the top width(TW),middle width(MW),height(H),and curve depth(CD)of double-peaked husk phytoliths in domesticated rice,were smaller than those in wild rice.The morphometric features of the bilobate phytoliths demonstrate their potential as novel indicators for distinguishing wild rice from domesticated rice.(2)At the subspecies level,morphological variations were observed in the phytoliths of japonica and indica rice.Specifically,the flat ratio(B/A,where B and A are the non-base portion length and base portion length of cuneiform bulliform phytoliths,respectively)and fish-scale facet number of cuneiform bulliform phytoliths in japonica rice were lower than those in indica rice,but the horizontal(HL)and vertical length(VL)of japonica rice were greater than those of indica rice.This study provides phytolith-based evidence for the classification and identification of modern rice and offers valuable insights for identifying rice phytolith traits from archaeological sites and for understanding the domestication and evolutionary pathways of rice.Considering the limited variety of rice types included in this study,future research should investigate more rice species to create a comprehensive morphometric classification system for phytolith analyses.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB125904,2004CB117201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871506,31171613)
文摘Indica is not only an important rice subspecies widely planted in Asia and the rest of the world,but it is also the genetic background of the majority of hybrid varieties in China.Studies on genetic structure and genetic diversity in indica germplasm resources are important for the classification and utilization of cultivated rice in China.Using a genetically representative core collection comprising 1482 Chinese indica landraces,we analysed the genetic structure,geographic differentiation and diversity.Model-based structure analysis of varieties within three ecotypes revealed nine eco-geographical types partially accordant with certain ecological zones in China.Differentiation of eco-geographical types was attributed to local ecological adaption and physical isolation.These groups may be useful for developing heterotic groups of indica.To facilitate the identification of different ecotypes and eco-geographical types,we identified characteristic SSR alleles of each ecotype and eco-geographical type and a rapid index of discrimination based on characteristic alleles.The characteristic alleles and rapid discrimination index may guide development of heterotic groups,and selection of hybrid parents.
文摘As early as the 1960s, Boe et al., Pittman et al. and Murr et al. have reported that the magnetic field can accelerate the maturity and growth of plants. However, the advance of this investigation about the biomagnetic effects on
