INTRODUCTION.Crustal velocity model is crucial for describing the subsurface composition and structure,and has significant implications in offshore oil and gas exploration and marine geophysical engineering(Xie et al....INTRODUCTION.Crustal velocity model is crucial for describing the subsurface composition and structure,and has significant implications in offshore oil and gas exploration and marine geophysical engineering(Xie et al.,2024).Currently,travel time tomography is the most commonly used method for velocity modeling based on ocean bottom seismometer(OBS)data(Zhang et al.,2023;Sambolian et al.,2021).This method usually assumes that the sub-seafloor structure is layered,and therefore faces challenges in high-precision modeling with strong lateral discontinuities.展开更多
In this study,carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs)were utilized to address the challenges of inherent conductivity mismatch of CuCoO_(2)catalysts.CNT-supported CuCoO_(2)nanosheets(CCO/xCNT,x=25,50,and 75)w...In this study,carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs)were utilized to address the challenges of inherent conductivity mismatch of CuCoO_(2)catalysts.CNT-supported CuCoO_(2)nanosheets(CCO/xCNT,x=25,50,and 75)were successfully synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method.The introduction of CNTs can reduce the thickness of CuCoO_(2)to 25 nm due to the interaction between the CNTs and CuCoO_(2),change the electronic structure,and increase the O-Co bond length and oxygen vacancy(V_(O))concentration of CuCoO_(2).These microstructure modifications significantly enhance the binding affinity between CuCoO_(2)and OH^(-).The OER measurements of CCO/xCNT(x=25,50,and 75)electrocatalysts reveal that adding 50 wt%CNTs into the sample(CCO/50CNT)yields the best catalytic performance,which shows a low overpotential of only 343 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and a small Tafel slope of 65 mV dec^(-1).Additionally,CCO/50CNT also exhibits excellent structural and compositional stability.The density functional theory(DFT)calculations and pH dependence experiments show that the introduction of CNTs can generate V_(O),which initiates lattice oxygen and facilitates both the Adsorption Evolution Mechanism(AEM)and the Lattice Oxygen Mechanism(LOM)on the catalyst surface during the OER process.A simple and general strategy is used to modify the catalyst microstructure and influence its OER mechanism,which helps to improve the OER performance of delafossite type metal oxides and even bimetallic oxides.展开更多
Rechargeable aqueous metal-sulfur batteries have received considerable attention due to their low cost,reliable security,and environmental friendliness.However,their poor cycle performance impedes their development.He...Rechargeable aqueous metal-sulfur batteries have received considerable attention due to their low cost,reliable security,and environmental friendliness.However,their poor cycle performance impedes their development.Herein,a nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon material prepared from pomegranate peel was used to host sulfur molecules and then served as cathode material for Cu-S battery.The material showed a high specific surface area of 1167.16 m^(2) g^(-1),due to its hierarchical porous structure,and showed good electronic conductivity.Based on these advantages,the sulfur@nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon cathode displayed excellent electrochemical properties with a high specific capacity of 1911.8 mA h g^(-1) at 2 A g^(-1) and outstanding capacity retention of up to 93%,and hence shows great promise as a practical cathode material of Cu-S batteries.展开更多
Developing an efficient electron transport layer(ETL)through structural modification is essential to produce high-performance perovskite solar cell(PSC)devices.Specifically,the ETL should exhibit low defects,high opti...Developing an efficient electron transport layer(ETL)through structural modification is essential to produce high-performance perovskite solar cell(PSC)devices.Specifically,the ETL should exhibit low defects,high optical transparency,and charge selectivity for ideal electron transport.Herein,we demonstrate(i)the low-temperature fabrication of tin oxide(SnO_(2))ETLs with a bilayer structure,and(ii)inkjetprinting of triple-cation perovskite films.Through the combined use of spin-coating and spray deposition,the optimized SnO_(2)-bilayer ETL shows a nano-granule-textured surface,noticeably fewer defects,and a cascade conduction band position with the inkjet-printed perovskite film.The champion PSC device,based on the SnO_(2)-bilayer ETL and inkjet-printed perovskite film,recorded an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of~16.9%,which is significantly higher than the device based on the conventional SnO_(2)ETL(PCE~14.8%).The improved photovoltaic performance of the SnO_(2)-bilayer-based device arises mainly from more efficient charge transport and suppressed recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface.The SnO_(2)-bilayer ETL and inkjet-printed perovskite films demonstrated herein can be potentially used for large-scale manufacturing of photovoltaic modules.展开更多
Freeze-thaw processes can influence hydrology,soil erosion,and morphological development by altering the connectivity between active pathways of water and sediment transport.Concentrated flow experi-ments were conduct...Freeze-thaw processes can influence hydrology,soil erosion,and morphological development by altering the connectivity between active pathways of water and sediment transport.Concentrated flow experi-ments were conducted involving frozen,shallow thawed,and unfrozen soil slopes under 1,2,and 4 L/min runoff rates at a temperature of approximately 5℃.In this study,hydrological connectivity was analysed via the simplified hydrological curve and relative surface connection function.Sediment con-nectivity was analysed via the sediment structure connectivity and sediment functional connectivity.Results indicated that hydrological connectivity was greatest on frozen slopes(FS),followed by shallow thawed slopes(STS),and unfrozen slopes(UFS)given a constant flow rate.Hydrological connectivity increased with increasing runoff rate for each freeze-thaw condition.Freezing condition and runoff rate exhibited a positive response to the hydrological connectivity.Sediment structure connectivity increased with increasing runoff rate for each slope condition.The ordering of sediment structure connectivity across freeze-thaw condition was that FS was greater than STS while STS was greater than UFS inde-pendent of flow rate.Sediment functional connectivity included longitudinal,lateral,and vertical con-nectivity components.Sediment longitudinal and vertical connectivity indicated a trend of first increasing and then decreasing under the different runoff rates and freeze-thaw conditions.For a given runoff rate,the ordering of sediment longitudinal and vertical connectivity across freeze-thaw condition was that FS was greater than STS while STS was greater than UFS.Sediment lateral connectivity exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then stabilizing.The ordering of sediment lateral connectivity across freeze-thaw condition was that UFS was greater than STS while STS was greater than FS.FS could more easily reach longitudinal and vertical penetration.Sediment longitudinal and vertical connectivity rates demonstrated increasing trends with increasing runoff rate after runoff generation stabilization and gradually approached unity.This research further improves our understanding of the hydrological and erosional mechanisms of meltwater and the generation of flooding in frozen soil conditions.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFF0803404)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LY23D040001)+4 种基金the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Engineering Geophysical Prospecting and Detection of Chinese Geophysical Society(No.CJ2021GB01)the Open Re-search Fund of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute(No.CKWV20221011/KY)the ZhouShan Science and Technology Project(No.2023C81010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41904100)supported by Chinese Natural Science Foundation Open Research Cruise(Cruise No.NORC2019–08)。
文摘INTRODUCTION.Crustal velocity model is crucial for describing the subsurface composition and structure,and has significant implications in offshore oil and gas exploration and marine geophysical engineering(Xie et al.,2024).Currently,travel time tomography is the most commonly used method for velocity modeling based on ocean bottom seismometer(OBS)data(Zhang et al.,2023;Sambolian et al.,2021).This method usually assumes that the sub-seafloor structure is layered,and therefore faces challenges in high-precision modeling with strong lateral discontinuities.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023AFB085)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2024III012JL)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Wuhan University of Technology(Grant No.S202310497028)for the financial support.
文摘In this study,carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs)were utilized to address the challenges of inherent conductivity mismatch of CuCoO_(2)catalysts.CNT-supported CuCoO_(2)nanosheets(CCO/xCNT,x=25,50,and 75)were successfully synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method.The introduction of CNTs can reduce the thickness of CuCoO_(2)to 25 nm due to the interaction between the CNTs and CuCoO_(2),change the electronic structure,and increase the O-Co bond length and oxygen vacancy(V_(O))concentration of CuCoO_(2).These microstructure modifications significantly enhance the binding affinity between CuCoO_(2)and OH^(-).The OER measurements of CCO/xCNT(x=25,50,and 75)electrocatalysts reveal that adding 50 wt%CNTs into the sample(CCO/50CNT)yields the best catalytic performance,which shows a low overpotential of only 343 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and a small Tafel slope of 65 mV dec^(-1).Additionally,CCO/50CNT also exhibits excellent structural and compositional stability.The density functional theory(DFT)calculations and pH dependence experiments show that the introduction of CNTs can generate V_(O),which initiates lattice oxygen and facilitates both the Adsorption Evolution Mechanism(AEM)and the Lattice Oxygen Mechanism(LOM)on the catalyst surface during the OER process.A simple and general strategy is used to modify the catalyst microstructure and influence its OER mechanism,which helps to improve the OER performance of delafossite type metal oxides and even bimetallic oxides.
基金supported by Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(2022J064)NSAF Fund(U1830106).
文摘Rechargeable aqueous metal-sulfur batteries have received considerable attention due to their low cost,reliable security,and environmental friendliness.However,their poor cycle performance impedes their development.Herein,a nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon material prepared from pomegranate peel was used to host sulfur molecules and then served as cathode material for Cu-S battery.The material showed a high specific surface area of 1167.16 m^(2) g^(-1),due to its hierarchical porous structure,and showed good electronic conductivity.Based on these advantages,the sulfur@nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon cathode displayed excellent electrochemical properties with a high specific capacity of 1911.8 mA h g^(-1) at 2 A g^(-1) and outstanding capacity retention of up to 93%,and hence shows great promise as a practical cathode material of Cu-S batteries.
基金financially supported by the Basic Science Research Program(NRF-2021R1A2C2004206)the Creative Materials Discovery Program(NRF-2017M3D1A1039287)through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea,funded by the MSIT+1 种基金supported by the Technology Innovation Program(20016283)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)supported by the selection of a research-oriented professor at Jeonbuk National University in 2023.
文摘Developing an efficient electron transport layer(ETL)through structural modification is essential to produce high-performance perovskite solar cell(PSC)devices.Specifically,the ETL should exhibit low defects,high optical transparency,and charge selectivity for ideal electron transport.Herein,we demonstrate(i)the low-temperature fabrication of tin oxide(SnO_(2))ETLs with a bilayer structure,and(ii)inkjetprinting of triple-cation perovskite films.Through the combined use of spin-coating and spray deposition,the optimized SnO_(2)-bilayer ETL shows a nano-granule-textured surface,noticeably fewer defects,and a cascade conduction band position with the inkjet-printed perovskite film.The champion PSC device,based on the SnO_(2)-bilayer ETL and inkjet-printed perovskite film,recorded an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of~16.9%,which is significantly higher than the device based on the conventional SnO_(2)ETL(PCE~14.8%).The improved photovoltaic performance of the SnO_(2)-bilayer-based device arises mainly from more efficient charge transport and suppressed recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface.The SnO_(2)-bilayer ETL and inkjet-printed perovskite films demonstrated herein can be potentially used for large-scale manufacturing of photovoltaic modules.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF1300801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52009104,U2040208,42107087)+3 种基金the Sin0-German Mobility Programme(No.M-0427)the Shaanxi Province Innovation Talent Promotion Plan Project Technology Innovation Team(No.2020TD-023)the Natural Science Foundations of Shaanxi Province(No.2022JQ-509)Shaanxi Province Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project(2022slkj-04).
文摘Freeze-thaw processes can influence hydrology,soil erosion,and morphological development by altering the connectivity between active pathways of water and sediment transport.Concentrated flow experi-ments were conducted involving frozen,shallow thawed,and unfrozen soil slopes under 1,2,and 4 L/min runoff rates at a temperature of approximately 5℃.In this study,hydrological connectivity was analysed via the simplified hydrological curve and relative surface connection function.Sediment con-nectivity was analysed via the sediment structure connectivity and sediment functional connectivity.Results indicated that hydrological connectivity was greatest on frozen slopes(FS),followed by shallow thawed slopes(STS),and unfrozen slopes(UFS)given a constant flow rate.Hydrological connectivity increased with increasing runoff rate for each freeze-thaw condition.Freezing condition and runoff rate exhibited a positive response to the hydrological connectivity.Sediment structure connectivity increased with increasing runoff rate for each slope condition.The ordering of sediment structure connectivity across freeze-thaw condition was that FS was greater than STS while STS was greater than UFS inde-pendent of flow rate.Sediment functional connectivity included longitudinal,lateral,and vertical con-nectivity components.Sediment longitudinal and vertical connectivity indicated a trend of first increasing and then decreasing under the different runoff rates and freeze-thaw conditions.For a given runoff rate,the ordering of sediment longitudinal and vertical connectivity across freeze-thaw condition was that FS was greater than STS while STS was greater than UFS.Sediment lateral connectivity exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then stabilizing.The ordering of sediment lateral connectivity across freeze-thaw condition was that UFS was greater than STS while STS was greater than FS.FS could more easily reach longitudinal and vertical penetration.Sediment longitudinal and vertical connectivity rates demonstrated increasing trends with increasing runoff rate after runoff generation stabilization and gradually approached unity.This research further improves our understanding of the hydrological and erosional mechanisms of meltwater and the generation of flooding in frozen soil conditions.
